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Show nsBnfBgrf Mb mwm THE V" TIMES-NEW- NEPHI, UTAH S, iy, I Enminmm fflM&l " Divibus i BEST FEDERAL HELP STRENGTHENS ' ir--- 'Jlhwwr ! - (Prapared Good Plan to Get Them Too Near Cow Barn Must Be Clean, 'Airy and Dutt-Proo- houses must be clean, airy places, free from all insects and bad odors. . They should not open directly into the barn, but it is equally Injudicious to build them very treat distance away from the barn. Prompt removal and quick cooling are the main points to observe in handling milk. Put the milk house on a spot and away from rubbish heaps, manure The places. piles and outer walls, If of concrete, should be from 6 to 8 Inches thick; if of brick, Milk dust-proo- thf Unite Stitea of Agriculture.) by SITE FOR MILK HOUSE Not Much More Accomplished for Country Than Simply Provide Funds for Construction I POINTS I '( ' DAIRY I Federal aid has crone a great deal more for the country than simply to provide funds for road construction, according to the bureau of public roads of the United States Department of Agriculture. One of the most results has been Its influence ka placing the greater part of the highway work of the country in the hands of experienced engineers of state highway departments. In 1915, prior to the federul-aiact, 70 per cent of the roud work was done by agencies other than state highway departments, most of it by county officials. Such a system was bound to be wasteful. Overhead costs were high, engineers were not always employed, systems to serve the best Interests of the state as a whole were not developed, and the opportunities for corruption were greater. With the passage of the federal-aiact of 1916 and the Insistence of the f well-draine- d d d I LA THBggn f f Colorado todry1mjJ r$.lr 6 MILES THROUGH S-r-- "-- JS& - . : Milk House 'if , ' jm f SvrilO 4?tf x I t- uv - JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN BK State of Colorado will e tunnel J II drive a Peak (13,. James throush I I I I 283 feet) on the Cou-- I tinental Divide of the 4 Colorado Rockies for the "Moffat Koad. The Mor-ftunnel will cost nearly seven million dollars milthree and one-hal- f lions for boring and three 1 and one-ha- lf millions for complete transportation equipment. The work will begin this fall and Its completion Is set for 192.V By the construction of the Moftat tunnel Colorado expects to bring about the following results: Give a new transcontinental trunk line to the nation at once, shorter and more scenic than any other. Develop the Colorado western slope of the Rockies an "undiscovered country" of vast potential riches. Increase the state's population and put Denver on the railroad map and make it a city of 600,000 people. For a generation Colorado has been talking of tunneling James Peak. Denver voted ten years ago to extend Us credit for financing the Moffat tunuel, but the courts declared against the constitutionality of the plan. This time the state of Colorado has passed an act under which the counties benefited most by the tunnel constitute a bonding district (Indicated on map by shaded portion) and raise the funds by sale of bonds. The progress of the Moffat tunnel will be watched with sentimental Interest by hundreds of thousands of people In every nook and cranny of the United States. As tourists they have made a trip on the Moffat road from Denver over the Continental Divide; have played In the snow In July at Corona (11.000 feet) where the road breaks all world altitude records; have exclaimed over the majestic scenery, and hove marveled at the daring and skill of the men who found the way and bored the tunnels and laid the rails. Not a few of them will thrill at the thought that at Inst the vision of David Ilalllday Moffat la to be realized. For this I over pioneer miner, banker and railroad builder dreamed a dream that was a prophetic vision. Denver Is the gateway to thirty-tw- o national parks and monuments. Nine railroads enter It Nevertheless. It Is not, strictly speaking, on tb railroad map. For behind the city rise the Colo, rado Continental Divide, which says to the railroads: "Come not across go around I" And the railroad have gone around, making wide detours to the north and annfh on their way to the Pacific. Thus they have lefl tH?nver In poeket and hnve passed far from the western slope of the Continental Divide In Colorado and Utah a regloo bigger than all New Kngluiid and of fabulous potential riches, Moffat (lured the terrors of the Coo- - By f -- slx-iuil- at n. ............... I ML I Huuaac, " Argentina... S.U B.S i B.V J I 4.1 ! ManaacliuaeUa " - "- -i tuieutal Divide. He organized the Denver, North Western & Pacific which the people promptly named the "Moffat Road." He sturted his road straight west over the Continental Divide for Salt Lake City. The engineers went into the Held December 31, 11)02. and stayed on the job three straight years, wintei and They climbed on slopes ijuniiuer. where a misstep meant death. They hung from ropes in deep gorges. Ou snow shoes and skils they traveled among the eak8 of the divide fur above timber line In Arctic temperatures. But they found a way tortuous and difficult though It was for a first cluss railroad. Into this work Moffat poured his personal fortune of many millions. The cost of construction was appalling since Moffat would have nothing but a broad-gaugrailroad for standard transcontinental traffic. The grudlng and tunnel work alone on the first fifty miles oul of Denver cost on un average $00,000 a mile, and the thirty-fiv- e miles from the point where the road lieglns to climb the foothills to the site of the proposed tunnel cost $100,000 a mile. These figures Include only the tunnel work and grading, and not the cost of ties, rails, the luior of laying the track ami the expenditures for stations, water tanks und equipment. One particularly difficult mile actually cost S203.000. Oo the 77 miles from Denver to Arrowhead, which Is over the Continental Divide In Middle Park, there are thirty-fou- r tunnels. In one stretch of eleven miles tunnels through there are twenty-nin- e solid chii He. The cost of ieratlon ovet the divide In winter was also appalling. So Moffat planned to bore through James I'e.ik and dodge the snowdrifts of timber line (U.A00 feet) by going through the living granite. Then came the time of financial difficulties. Moffat exhausted his enortootts resources. Promised sup)rt failed him. Ills name was anathema to transcontinental roads. Finally he died wllh his road only completed to Craig 231 miles from Denver. Rehas organisation of the company changed the name nf the road to the A Sail Lake but it will alDenver ways be the Moffat road to the people. Governor Slump has appointed a tunnel commission of five members to serve mull August 81 ; succeeding commissioner will be elected. II has e giraffes meet in combat they use prej cisely the snme tactic. The two animals, planting themselves as firmly The girnffe, which has neither claws h M'ssihle, nnd stretching out all four nor sharp leeth, would be trestly st legs to the utmost, stand opposite To the rrwrcy of Us enemies were It not each other nnd hummel away with for Its long ceck, which proves an their bends until one or the Jtlie; has This had enough. excellent weiipon of defense. long nnd plinlle member terminates In Office Phane Her Mirror. a very solid bend and It uses .be tipper The tired business girl slmplj must part of Itstlf like a flail swinging Its neck round and bringing Its have her vanity box In proximity and .bead down at each swing wiib a the hand mirror especially mut When two oo Its antagonist. nkro she wishes II 19. II Ir Giraffe's Neck a Weapon tlbaop V sw i J Slniplon. fewlrieruuid Ita0 U.I J t St. tiothard, Switzerland Italy. . .t0 J , I LoMltcliberK, Swine Alpe... I Mt. Cenla, Fruiw 8.0 Italy . I J Moffat, Colorado .t j J Arlber. Austria ! 6.S Swtiaerland , Rlcken, B.S I Tauern, Austria... ( I Rouco, Italy ft.t Tenda. Italy Trajuutodeu, Chile I Cunnaucbt, Caiwda w ........n WORLD'S BIO TUNNELS ' ViAsl ritates the busy steimgrnplier r have to rummage around the dewk ?it the A stenographer mirror. In L small downtown law office does awny with much waste motion by utilize? a piece of the office furniture. One day nhile looking for Hie elusive mirror the phone bell rung, and being conscientious she decided In favor of her t'uty. She discovered I hot the nleke) plated rim about the mouthpiece of the phone served the purpose of a looking glass. She do longer worries about her mirror. Chicago Journal. A Implement for Smoothing Dirt Roads. Modern government upon the construction of federal-airoads under the supervision of state departments, existing state highway departments were enlarged and strengthened, and In 17 states adequate departments have been created where there had been none or the existing one was not properly equipped to perform necessary functions. With adequate departments the work has been shifted to their control until at the present Ume they supervise more than 60 per cent of the road work. This assures to the taxpayer the services of engineers trained, In road work, a centralized authority responsible for the expenditure of funds, and a plan of development and financing. d COST OF PAVING COMPILING Figures Secured by Bureau of Public Roads Cover 68,000,000 Yards of Work. Average costs per square yard of va rlous types of paving for country roads have been compiled by the bu reau of public roads, United States The figDepartment of Agriculture. ures cover 68,000,000 square yards of paving constructed with federal aid in all parts of the United States dur The costs ing the period of 1916-21- . per square yard are as follows: Sand-cla18 cents; gravel, 40 cents; plain macadam, 05 anj surface-treatecents; bituminous macadam, $2.10; bi tuminous concrete, 52.50 ; plain cement t rein $2.57; concrete, concrete, $2.74 ; and brick, $4.10. These figures cover only the cost of the paving; they do not Include the cost of grading, and officials point out that it must not he assumed that roads of the several types can be constructed In any locality at these figures. For example, the co of bituminous con crete varied from $1.70 In the New Knglnnd states to $3.13 in the group of states Including Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi and Alabama. In one group of states the cost of brick dropped to $2.40. Costs of constructing these types in the various groups of states have been compiled and cao be obtained from the bureau. d forced-cemen- HELPS TO SUSTAIN PRICES One of the Big Factors Is Construc tion of Good Roads Planned for the Coming Year. One of the factors thtt will help to sustain farm prices Is the large amount of road building planned for this year. The government will spend a larger sum for this purpose than ever before, and states ami countlet to the extent of their will financial Abilities. While Not So Common as Bronze It Ir Widely Raised Has Many Excellent Qualities. The white Holland turkey, while not so common as the bronze variety, la nevertheless widely raised and exceedingly popular. People who keep, them long enougn to get familiar with their qualities and characteristics generally prefer them to any other bree,d. The origin of the white Holland Is not known, according to writers on poultry, but It is believed to have been developed by breeding white birds selected from other breeds, which appear occasionally as among chickens nnd are classed as "sports." It seems quite certain that they did not come from Holland or the Netherlands. It has come to the front as a distinct breed since about 1890. The standard weights are, 26 lbs. for a cock ; 16 lbs. for a cockerel ; 16 for n hen and 10 for a pullet. At the same time any of these classes may be fattened to from- - three to six pounds above the weight quoted. Six months old gobblers, or cockerels, have been known Dairy. Authorities say that particular care should be exercised In constructing milk house floors. Concrete is by far the best material for this purpose, as It resists moisture, decay and wear. Concrete floors should be built of a base made up of one part cement, three parts sharp, clean sand and five This base should be parts stone. about five Inches thick and should be covered v. Vh a top coat one Inch thick made Ny mixing one part cement and two paits sand. The top coat should be troweled hard and smooth. MILK SUPPLY Form of Ordinance Drawn to Guide Communities in Framing tlcable Law. Prac (Prepared by the United Statea Department of Agriculture.) la properly safeguarding the milk supply of a community, the enactment of a suitable and enforceable law Is usually the first step, according to a reprint of department hulletlu 585, "A Guide for Formulating a Milk Ordinance," Just Issued by the Cnk'ed States Department of Agrlculturs. MQk, in its composition and natural lualltles, Is a most useful and acceptable food, but may acquire one form or another of insanitary taint on Its way from the cow to the consumer; and it Is not always possible to require either producers or distributors to observe all the which science has shown to be necessary, unless there is a law to back them up. The public and officials of a city realizing this need may sometimes, In their zeal to muke the new regulations strict enough, go too far and Insert provisions that cannot readily be enforced or admlnstered. Even health department officials niny not be familiar with all phases of this subject,' unless they have already been engaged In the enforcement of milk regulations; and in any case, whether the city is just starting milk regulation or Is revising its ordinances to bring them up to date, it Is desirable to take advantage nf the experience of other communities. The United States Department of Agriculture has drawn up a form of, ordinance to guide communities In framing a finished and practicable law. Copies of the bulletin mny be had free upon application to the department at Washington, D. C IRREGULAR MILKING IS BAD Not Only Lessen Output, but Tend te Disturb Functional Activity of An mat. Early milking morning or evenli. one day and later milking miming or yvenlng another day not only lessens the output of milk, but tends to disturb functional activity and prevents maximum yield for the lactation period. MIXTURE FOR YOUNG CALVES White Holland Turkey. to weigh 16 pounds dressed for market. The flesh is white and makes fine eating. White Holland turkeys are said to be the best layers, as a rule, among the In some flocks the turkey family. hens will not go broody or hatch; or, if they do, it will be only after the season is far advanced. Other specimens will wnnt to sit before laying a dozen eggs and some have raised two broods In a season. One man is reported to have owned four turkey hens which laid 264 eggs during the season, while one of them raised a brood la July. Like all other breeds the white birds must have proper care and proper feed to be profitable. Colds, Hc and filth and general neglect will be i fatal. MATCHED LUMBER FOR NESTS Plan to Have as Few Crack and; Crevices a Possible, Built ln , Portable Section. f When first in the poultry business that nests made of scrap lumber or small boxes were satisfactory. Now we believe that the nest should be of smooth matched lutnber wlth as few cracks and crevices as possible, says a writer in an exchange They must never be nailed to the sides of the wall or beneath the dropping boards, but built in portable sections, so they can be easily carried from the house for sunnlng and spraywe thought ing. When we used open nests In some of the houses the birds were constant-In- g roosting on them or bothering the hens while they were laying. After several eggs had been laid In a nest another hen might decide to scratch) around In the litter in that nest. This resulted In broken eggs and then It wr.s only a short step to the egg eating habit. The best nests are built with a small track at the rear where the hens can enter. The eggs are removed by lowering a hinged door in front. These nests are slightly darkened and the hens hnrdly see the eggs thai are laid. There Is not much scratching In the litter In a darkened iwst. If egg is laid nnd broken the danger of the hen eating It Is reduced. The habit probably causes as much loss and discouragement as any habit or disease which troubles poultry keepers. The remedy Is largely In prevention and this consists in building the right kind of nests. soft-shelle- d egg-eatin- g Ground Corn, Oats, Bran and Ollmeal I Recommended for Those Under Six Months. . For calves under six months old In good condition and having a soft, mellow hide, mixture of 30 munds ground corn, SO pounds ground nat, 30 ponnds bran nnd 10 pounds ollmeal, fed three to five pounds diiHj, If recommended. POULTRY NOTES Keep chicks ont of the wet In Washington a bill nuthortxlng fnr ff,K,d roads for the next two years was recently passed In the house by vote of 2TK) to 31. The measure provides that SOB.mio 000 shall be available by June 30. 1923, and $7.000,noo hy June 30. 1024. fMO.Ooo.ODO Good Roads in Quebec- During 1921 the province of Quebec constructed 416 miles of good roads. More than 4.000 miles of highway are tow being kept In perfect rejalr In Quebec province. gra. The boarder hen always jump board bill. Give her the crate. her Geese grow fast, and need no feed the summer if they have a grassy Hard to Get Flow Back. run. If a cow's milk flow Is allowed to go down through neg!e1. poor feed or more sickness than Filth rntirc any other cause, It Is almost Impos- anything else. Clean op and keep flow to back the sible get up '.o the things clean ! first mark. In Money for Good Roads. HOLLAND IS POPULAR 9 Inches; If of tile, 8 Inches; if of stone, 14 to 18 Inches; and If of wood frame, 6 Inches. SAFEGUARDING organized with William P. Robinson of Denver as president und MuJ. L. D. Illauvelt us chief construction engineer. The Moffat tuuuel will cut the highest altitude of the Moftat road from 11.000 feet down to ,220 feet. The elevation of the east portal is 0,li4 feet and of the west portal 9,100 feet, ft will eliminate snow sheds, und reduce its maximum 4 per cent grades to 2 per cent grudes and its maximum 16 degrees curve at Yanluc- - Doodle Lake to 10 degrees. The construction of 324 miles over comparatively level country westward from Craig will curry the Moffat roud to Salt Lake und shorten the shortest railroad distance by- 73 miles. By of forty-on- e the construction of a cut-of- f miles from Orestod ou the Moffat Hue to Dotsero on the Denver & Rio Grande Western the distance from Denver to Gleuwood Springs would be reduced from 343 miles to 173 miles. The tunnuj will probably be 24 feet high and 16 feet wide. One track will be laid. Electric poyver will be used. Automobiles will be transported on flat curs. Ultlmutely the tunnel may also curry wuter across the divide. Construction will probably begin ut euch end at the same time and a parallel pioneer or uuxlliiiry tunnel This would furnish will he built. water, compressed air und ventilation, facilitate excavation und ullw several guugs to work ut once From 0(10 to 1,000 men will be employed. Colorado Is rejoicing over thef fact that the Moffat tunnel will bring closer the eastern and western slopes of the state, now pructlcally separated Last, hy the Continental Divide. winter when the MofTut road was snowed under there was daugei of the northwestern part of the state starving und volunteer workers turned out to dig oul the line. Moreover, the western slope, both In Colorado and Utah, Is a veritable laud of natural riches, according to a survey of the area mude by Prof. Rusxel D. George, slute geologist of Colorado. According to his report oil shale deposits underlie a territory of approximately 7.000 square miles In Colorado and northnorthwestern eastern Utah alone, lesldes available coal; both bituminous mid anthracite, aggregating C5.lHIO.000.Otl0 tons. There are also deposits of an nsphnltlc nature, lo addition to clay, curuotite and copper ores, gold. Iron, gypsum, grnphite, lead, manpnneso, mercury, molybdenum, marble, salt, scoria, silver, si ate, sulphur, tungsten and cine. There Is also any a mount of water power. So Steumlxtiit Springs tins already had a celebration attended by thousands from all the region round about IVnver plans to stage a state celebration when work begins In the full. WHITE Suitable for a Ten to Twenty-Co- - I and hens being fatIkying tened for market should not be kept In the sump pen. s Milk Only Good Cow. Milk more cawsbut by all sensible, milk only good cows. that's A cement floor fs considered best Cause of Stringy Milk. for Ihe permanent lalng houte it ! Stringy milk does not occur fre lasts a long time and Is eJly cleaned qnently unless the cows dr;rik water ' and keeps nnf rots. from stagnant pools, etc. |