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Show THE TIMES-NEW- S. NEPHI. UTAH THE BIG MUSKEG ALL ABOUT VACUUM TUBE AS AMPLIFIER By VICTOR DToMPAKT rrtwA lie spent the morning "GOOD NIGHT, MOLLY!" SYNOPSIS. Looking over Big Muskeg, a seemingly Impassable path of the Mlssa-tliwimp In theJoe railroad, Bostock, builder or the line, and Wilton Carruthers, chief of engineers, are considering the difficulties. A rifle shot Instantly kills Bustock and breaks Carruthers' arm. Carruthers tries to carry the body to a post of the Hudson's Bay company, where Donald Is tbe factor. McDonald's dau (fMer, Molly, sees Carruthers struggling In the muskeg and drags hlin from the swamp, with his burden. Unaccountably, her father objects to her saving Carruthers. Weakened by his wound and exertions, Carruthers Is disturbed by the appearance of Tom Bowyer, Bostock's business rival and personal enemy. Bowyer Insults Molly, and Carruthers strikes him. Carruthers declares his love for Bhe to be his wife. Molly. promises Carruthers has to reach the town of Clayton to attend a meeting et which Bostock's enemies plan to wrest control of the Missatlbl from dim. Molly goes with him. They are aVIa,ye1 by a storm. Attacked by hie docs, Carruthers' life Is saveo by Molly, who is forced to kill Die animals. "The snow, the enow!" They set out on foot for Clayton, reaching It with Carruthers In an almost dying condition. Me Is In time to foil Bostock's enemies and keep control of the litre for Mrs. Bostock. He finds enemies at work at Big Muskeg. Bowyer pcrsocutes Molly with attentions. I.eo Chambers asks Carruthers for work, saying he has broken with Bowyer. Carruthers takes him on. Kitty Bostock, deeply In love with Carruthers. comes to live at the Big Mual:eg. Kitty avows her love to Carruthers, who tails her of Molly and gently repulses her. Tom Bowyer seeks Molly's love, and Is repulsed. He inveigles the chagrined Kitty Into an a'llnni'e for the purpose of separating Carruthers and Molly. bl CHAPTER VIII Continued. Kitty rose. "I don't know now that I've dime right." she said. "I hope you won't come to have any feeling agnlust me, dear. Only you didn't seem to understand well, things. And what I'm uying hasn't anything to do with Mr. Bowyer, If you feci that you don't care for him." "Care for that beast I" said Molly. Pay by day the trestllng grew, and the embankment nppeured about It until the first part was hidden under the wny. Thousands of feet of logs hud gone Into the building. Each day the engine pushed the laden ballast tracks further out upon the creaking, swaying structure. Then the pressure of the lever, tons of debris discharged through the frame of the woodwork, and the engine went snorting tmck toward the ballast pit, dragging the empty trucks behind It. Kitty had gone back to Clayton. She hnl said that she would return, but Wilton doubted It. He still cherished the hope of friendship, when time had timrated their Joint memory of that afternoon. He could not bear to lose her. She seemed a part of Joe, and he found It hard to shake his mind free of tils preconceptions. For the present, however, he recognized thut her remaining there would prove an embarrassment. He wot her back to Clayton with Andersen, who hud proved entirely trustworthy Rince the first night, and was going In on business for him. And he had very little time to think of Kitty In the critical period that Wilton slept only a few hours iglitty. For five days he could not ret) go to the portage. On the slith iceese appeared at band. The si utiles hud been Oiled In and there was lt the slightest subsidence of the grade. Andersen returned that night and Wilton went to bed In confidence. Chambers was as cotifldent as he. On tlie following morning, as he left tils shack, the workmen came running toward Mm, jabbering and gesticulating. The foreman, hurrying up behind them. kIh.u led and pointed In excitement in the direction of the muskeg. When Wilton reached the shore he found (lull his worst fears hud been exceeded. Two I hird of the trestle-worhad disappeared. Including a great stretch of the foundation, over which the locomotive him ballast trucks had passed the dy before. The subsidence was seventy or eighty yards In length. The lop slime remained uhove the treuclicr-ou- s Swamp, and the rails hung festooned In mitlii Ir. Tbe whole embankment would have to le reconstructed. As t lie mere process of dumping might nerve merely to udd to fhe weight uhhi (lie trealeroii bottom, Wlltoti determined to Iny down a corduroy over Hie sink holes a mattress of tree trunks. The depositing of the biillnst on this would serve to compress tbe muskeg and loose fork, mnk-- ' ig a firm foundation, and Hie trunks, water logged, would l they urilen. Increasing the strength of (he bole structure us time went by, P.ut for n few hours be almost aban-ofiehope, Al the best, it liieni.t hold-i- i a tip the const rut ion of the line, for Che wi influent way was now only a few miles behind, and he dnred not on the east shore until (art o rations r tbe muskeg could be be l.KMv k be'-nm- d fc Hill In his office, writing a report for the directors. The news would reacn Clayton as soon as It could be telephoned, but ut least he would have another chance. It was too late now to think of changing the route without throwing the company Jnto liquidation. And Kitty held control. The thought of that strengthened his resolve. He could not bring himself to go to Molly with the despondency upon him, but busied himself that afternoon examining the wreck. For about a month he had bad a strange protege. One evening Jules Halfhend, the deaf-mutappeared at the door of tits shack, and quickly assumed the care of It. He was nearly always to be found there In Wilton's absence. he Sometimes, however, would betake himself back to the portage, and he was free of the camp, where he ran errands and messages for the engineers, and was the butt of mild practical Jokes. Wilton came to the conclusion, however, that the Muskegon's mind was ns acute as any man's, and that his apparent simplicity was nothing but the outward aspect of his Infirmity. When Jules had cooked Wilton's supper that evening he came Into the office In a state of excitement. The man hnd loved the work. He was often to be seen on the trestle, clinging for dear life to a plank as the trucks rumbled past within an Inch of his head. When he saw the wreck of the embankment thut morning, the foreman said that he had burst Into tears. Now he was evidently trying to describe something to Wilton In pantomime ; but Wilton could not follow his meaning. Suddenly he seized a pencil from the desk and, stooping, began to draw a picture of the trestle upon the wall with remarkable skill. was at once Wilton's Interest aroused. "Yes." he said, nodding to Jules. "What about It was his habit to talk, although the deaf-mutcould not hear his voice. Jules had an Instinctive faculty of understanding, lie looked at Wilton and nodded back. He next drew four uprights the long, heavy trunks of considerable girth that were driven into the ground to support the trestllng. Then he made a smudgy line across each. Then he drew a hatchet. He looked up at Wilton In pathetic eagerness, and nodded again. "You mean that some one tampered with the treatllng?" shouted Wilton. Jules, who had watched his Hps, nodded eagerly. But, as he always nodded when he was spoken to, little meaning could he attached to that. Wilton wondered If that was what he did mean. If the uprights hud been tampered with before they were set Inor otherwise, to the ground, by the weight of the ballast would unThe doubtedly have broken them. break would not have been Immediately apparent, but the trestllng would in such case be practically Imposed upon the surface of the swamp, without support. The ballust would have spread over the muskeg, causing the entire structure to subside. "Who did It?" asked Wilton, speaking slowly and carefully. Jules, who was still watching htm, suddenly turned and, with lightning movements, drew a caricature of I.ee Chandlers on the woodwork of the wall. Wilton looked at It and drew In his breath. Then he nodded. Jules nodded In return, smiled, and left the room. Wilton reflected deeply. If Chambers was a spy of Bowyer's. why bud he shown him the bedrock at all T On the other hand, assuming that Wilton must eventually discover It himself, Bowyer might have sent Chambers to make a virtue of necessity and to secure a position at the camp, where be could be of service to e, 10 ilu-ilie- ROUSSEAU ltr e ax-cu- hi in. In any case, Wilton could afford to take no further chances with Mm. It would serve do purpose to accuse him of having tampered with the trestling. He would give him a post somewhere where he could do no barm, and thus get rid of Mm. Fighting down the burning rage In his heart, lie went down the mud tothe engineer ocward the sluiek whl-cupied. This was a reconstructed shpd. There was only one room In It. but Chambers liu I asked to hive this rather than share the quartern of the other engineers. Tbe men were back In tht but the door of the sited was padlocked Thinking tl.nl f huiiihc rs mlnht lit, n the cum. he made his Hut wny towarl the other quarters. presently he heard stomp one culling him uiid, turning, saw Andersen running nfler Mm, "Were you looking for Mr. Chamber, sir?" asked the foreman. "Yes. Where Is be?" "Why, he went buck (1 Clayton thti noon, Mr. Cnrrut hers ' He sulil he was going In for you." Wilton's suspicions suddenly flmued "The he) I" he shouted, pulling up. ut the padlock. "I guess he tn k It with hlni," said Andersen. "Have the staples puiied out at bunk-bouse- ofice I" Wilton waited, fuming, until Ander sen reappeared with the tool. The foreman wrenched out tbe staples and Wilton burst open the door. As he had expected, the shack was completely empty of all Chambers' belongings. The two men looked at each other. Slow understanding came Into Andersen's face. "He was a bad yun," said the Swede. "I guessed you knew your business, Mr. Carruthers, when you took on Tom man. It wasn't Bowyer's right-han- d for me to say nothing." "Keep your mouth shut still, Ander. sen," said Wilton, slapping him on the shoulder. "We'll Just start working again. And keep your eyes open. Some time we'll get him, and I'll telephone Inspector Qualn to pick him up If ever he sees him In Clayton." CHAPTER IX Face at the Window. five days since Wilton had been to the portage. He bad not meant to see Molly In his despondency, but now the discovery of Chambers Th It was treachery came with an Invigorating shock and aroused his fighting instinct aguiust Bowyer. He took the road across the Muskeg. Wilton sow the girl upstairs, at the factor's side. A book was on her knees and a lighted lamp behind her. She was not talking to him, however, but staring out of the window, and yet she did not see Wilton as he came to the door. At his knock she came downstairs more slowly than usual. When she opened the door to him he saw that she was trembling. Her cheek was Icy cold beneath his kiss. "Come In, Will I have something to say to you." she said. He put his arm about her, and they went Into the store together. He could feel that she was trembling all the while. "What Is it, Molly?" he asked, looking Into her face and seeing tears In her eyes. "What Is it, dear?" "I'm afraid that we've both made a mistake, Will," she answered. Wilton laughed. Once or twice Molly had questioned bis love for her, but he Connected Up to Furnish Rated Filament Current and Main- tain Plate Potential. before were broken. Not until he had reached the portage. Then be stopped and looked back. The door of tbe store was closed. The light still burned In tbe factor's room and he saw Molly cross toward him and fling herself on her knees beside him. He clenched bis fists; but somehow the violence that relieved his feelings usually seemed to have no place here. He couldn't understand. He went borne slowly across the portage. The factor looked up when Molly entered, and. was astonished to see the tears upon her face. When she kneeled down he put his hand clumsily upon her hair. "What has happened, lass?" be asked. "Was it Will Carruthers ye quarreled with?" "He will never come here again," said Molly. A dull Ore burned In the factor's eyes. He seemed to be struggling between two Impulses: One was to comfort hla daughter; the other, his grati- Figure XXIV shows a vacuum tube connected with the "A" battery to furnish the rated filament current and a "B" battery to maintain rated plate potential. In the plate circuit is a current meter to three-electrod- e when RI increases. ZI must decrease. This means that when a constant "B" battery potential Is applied to the plate circuit of a vacuum tube, containing external resistance, pn Increase In plate current causes a decrease in the potential existing between the pi ate, and tbe filament. The "static" characteristic curve was drawn on the assumption that the difference In potential between the plate and the filament remained constant, obviously then, when tbe external plate circuit has other than nero impedance, the static characteristic curve no longer holds true. tube The characteristic curve of having other than zero impedance in the external plate circuit Is the "dyThe greater namic" characteristic. the variations In plate current, the greater the variation in the voltage existing between the plate and the filament. If the value of K, the external plate Impedance, Is Increased, the greater will be the variation In for the the plate to filament-voltagsame variation in plate current. In Fig. XXVI (2) is represented the dynamic characteristic of a tube with a certain definite value of R in the plate circuit. Curve (3) represents the dvnamlc characteristic of the same tube with a larger value of K in the plate circuit. Finally the extreme condition is readied. In which II is made infinitely high and the dynamic characteristic becomes parallel to the grid voltage axis as in (4). This shows that variations of grid potential would produce no variation of plute current, but maximum variations of plate variations of plate potential. These would be amplified variations of grid potential variations. This last condition of having the variations of plate potential amplified varintlons of grid potential variations is the Ideal condition sought for In vacuum tube amplifiers. In Fig. XXVII as the current of e Ctti i mitrl 1 i mi 2 read the plute current. A "C" battery Is connected in the grid circuit to maintain the grid at the positive in order to have the potential O-tube operate at the point A on the will be characteristic curve. To T-connected the alternating difference of potential having a maximum positive value equal to A-and a maximum negative value equal to The resulting variation In plate current Is shown in Fig. XXV. Inserting the tube functioning as an amplifier, wiy an amplification fao A fication. "Ah weel, lass, ye'U find another," he T said. But he abased his head before her Indignant glance. At that moment the girl felt that her father and she were farther apart than they had ever been. C A-- When Wilton reached his shack he took off his coat and flung himself down on his bed. He would not speculate on Molly's motives. He would not thine of her at all. He would neither condemn her nor pity himself. i He forced his mind back to his task. The trestle he would lay down a corduroy he would drive the men all the summer, if need be, for Joe's sake. Poor Joe! The presence of the dead man seemed to fill the camp Just as of old. Joe was the guiding spirit of this work. He had loved Joe more truly than It seemed possible to love any woman. He completed the few routine duties of the office and went to bed. He bad dozed off to sleep when something made him start up in bed and listen InI I Swl tently. He thought he had heard a slight sound in the office. It was so slight that even his trained ears sent the message to his brain doubtfully. But It came again. Some one had very softly clicked back the catch of one of the windows. tor of K, between the supply of alterHe had the sense of a listener benating difference of potential at T-neath it, and, all alert, Wilton crept was Just K times what it actually is. noiselessly to his feet and stood listenAll these considerations have been ing In the darkness. Now there was no based on the assumption that the doubt. The window was being pushed total Impedance (resistance to the very softly open. It was the window of How of an alternating current) between the safe and his bedroom the entire plate circuit existed Interdoor. In the moonlight Wilton could nally in the tube between the filament see that It was opening by Inches. and that the external and the His own door was slightly ajar, and, electrical plate, circuit from the plate to inch by inch, he pushed it open, too. the filament had zero Impedance. Of He saw a pair of hands, white, not course, this condition never exists In placed against the practice. The external plate cirA face bottom of the wlndow-fraincuit always has impedance in it in Inappeared and was thrust cautiously the form of telephone receivers, reside the room In reconnoissance. Wilsistance choke coils, or transformer ton recognized Lee Chambers. primaries, depending upon the means Satisfied, apparently, that Wilton that Is employed to couple the sucwas asleep In the next room, Chambers cessive tubes together. began to climb over the sill. Wilton where the external plate It is waited till lie was balunced there, and circuit only of a vacuum tube has zero then, leaping forward, he drove his fist Impedance that the plate voltoge Is with all his force Into his face. He to that of the "B" battery. As felt the bone of the nose smash under equal soon as an impedance Is Introduced his hand. Into the external plate circuit, part With a muffled cry Lee Chambers of the total potential of the "B" exflung up his hands, slipped backward ists as a drop across the external Imand fell. As Wilton ran to the window so that only a portion of the the leaped np and raced pedance, "B" battery Is available at the total toward the trees. The thought of his treachery came Into Wilton's mind and plate. XXVI represents the charFig. "Good. Night, Molly," He Said. turned his sardonic humor into red acteristic curve of the tube as we Into his reached desk drawer He no Imhad never had any difficulty In con- rage. and pulled out the loaded revolver have been discussing It, with vincing her. In the usual lover's way. which he kept there. But by the time pedance In the external plate circuit. This curve Is called the "static" char"Molly, dear, I know I have neglecthe was at the window again Chambers ed you," he said penitently. "Hut you was gone. acteristic curve, to differentiate from know that until the work's finished I the others. Supiwise that we introcircuit can't ask you something. And I've Three months Inter an pushed duce Into the external plate lieen rushing It through, feeling thut two ballast trucks fromengine west to an Impedance In the form of a resistthe then I should have the riht to." The ance as shown by it In Fig. XXVII. the east shore of Big "It's not the work. Will," she suld, swamp was tpanneiL Muskeg. The corduroy When the current flows around slowly. "I want you to release me." hud been lulil ujwin the and The laughter died on his lips. He hud borne the ballustlng. The trestllng put his bunds upon her shoulders and run from bank to bank and carried the turned her toward Mm. She raised her tuctuls firmly, but the foundation was fnce; her lips were quivering, anil the only as yet laid half-waand the final 1 tears hnd fulleii, leaving her eyes bard proof had yet to be made. and bright. However. Wilton had no flnuhts of "You mean that. Molly?" asked Wilthe result, lie hnd tried out the ton gravely. The trestle would contain 'i:ery word, Will." Hie biillust. His work had been accom"Why?" plished. "1 have censed to cure for you." After the subsidence be had paid a was control herself of f,ie keeping living visit lo Clayton. He had not with a strong effort, anil she shook seen Kitty, and Kitty hud not returned more violently. She hud nerved her-sci-f the to in iiii, but he had bad a stormy n n to offer explanation, but now, with the directors and, as he : meeting -fuee to fare with him, she could not hull foreseen, hud been given his fell Mm that she bsd been moved by once more. There was, It was chimep to try pity for him, and Indeed, nothing else lo be done. Bowlie to to Wilton. her for impossible yer liml niinle I he most of the disaster; "Molly" she sow llml his fuee wns but It was lo Bo)er's Interest thul through the date circuit, there will be a volluge drop across Uie resistance set hurd as of) ti nt night of the riot Id Iry aguln and fall. Unit Wilton si II equul In value to K times I, where "I don't piny with loe. I hue you and would put the Missutild promptly Into I Is the plnte current In amperes. If trust you. If you nienn thai, tell me , the Internal Impedance of the tube be and thut will be enough for liquidation. denoted by Z, then the drop In volluge me." from the plute to the filament Inside (Hi. can't you under "I meant It " rumi-nate"It looks to m, he of the tube Is ZI, The sum of these siuiid thai I have i bunged?" she cried "as If them two snakat'll two voltage drops, ZI plus Itl, Is al- for never care can "I desiieimtely. get the llnI" ways equal to the applied voltage of Wilton:" yon. the "15" or plate "Ircult battery. The He released her and tinned away. voltage of the "B" htttery Is constant. "Cood tilth!, Molly." he siiH. TO RK CONTINUED ) As the plate current Increases, the Yethp went slowly out of the door, valn of HI Increases It, the Mors Nature faking. aiid. I.t- - niiie (he sli' k Imd come llh Nature mtinot Jump from winter to external plnte resistance, does not stunning force, be was amazed thut a she did not mil Mm buck, lie could summer wlil-onprina, or from chfcng In value. 8o If the sum of ZI t i ot imike himself understood thut all plus III la always equal to a nmnter lo w Inte without a falL- -" I. Is dr :i noil hopes of IHt minutes From the Titer 7V?e Crwf fora V&M 'S the plate circuit flows through the resistance K there Is a drop In potential across K between the points X and Y that will be proportional to the current flowing. If the value of It and the plate potentlul are high enough this potential variation between X and Y will be exactly proportional to and K times that applied to the grid of the tube at T-To amplify a signal from a radio receiver then, it Is only necessary to e. sink-hole- T Ti 0 - . ng.-iin- 1 i bt-au- se t cos-ttao- have a circuit, whose output Is to be and the amplified connected to T-amplified output taken off at X and Y. If greater amplification is desired the output from X and T Is run through another circuit similar to that shown In Fig. XXVII. T SPARKS The "Totemltes," a society of radio fans at Seattle, decided that receiving code signals during broadcast programs Is Inevitable, and Instead of registering complaints, opened a free school to Its members for Instruction In the code. Teople living In Isolated sections are getting great satisfaction from radio, as It Is a cure for loneliness. They not only feel that they have friends within "speaking distance" but that entertainers of the highest grade are next door neighbors. Major (leneral Squire, chief signal officer, LT. 8. A., told the graduate of the Camp Vail signal aehool there had been greater dcvo'i-rmentt( main in the thnn In aiy other pust dcca-Jscience. Also that In fnlnre wars hcrr.ifres nn,i bombardments would k- - inld down by radio. The British have developed a vacuum tube for use in conjunction with radio. The new tube, or valve, as It Is called In Kn gland, Is the Milliard Orn. The plnte voltage Is given ns 30, and the filament voltage at 3.0 to 4. The huso of the tube Is of the type. It Is said to combine efficiently the qualities of the rectifier and amplifier, wldrh make It possible lo use one tnle for all pnrposes. s e s four-pron- g -- 4 |