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Show V I I FARM (AND GARDEN'.! MATTERS OF INTEREST AGRICULTURISTS. TO Som I Hints About Cultlr- tion of the Soil and ldU Thereof Horticulture, itlculiure aud Hurl culture. f' V 'v N - - Y - y c i 4 1 : 1 ' vtr-- 4. V r ' jr Bornlaj 0er Old Strawberry Bala. NOTICE in your issue of July Mr. ll Brinkleys inquiry in relation to the - 4 j ,. burning off of od ' 1 , V ' beJs. 1,,. strawberry if ,5 writes J. H. Hale t. in Suawbt:r JP; - V''- , I am not yiN ' . . v iI nun h of a belnner r V In old strawbeiry beds, still I know X , C .' w that conditions they are under certain I , fairly profitable, for on old aeds the fruit ripens a week or so eailier than In the same arieties in new beds. years past I had a consider:! ole experience in burning over old beds, but it has nearly always been wiihin two or three weeks after the fruiting season, when I have a mowing machine go over and cut down berry nlants, weeds, grass, and everything quite close to the ground and then in a few days afRt:C!L esj lysKDIbM rc ter all were thoroughly dried and there was a good fair wind blowing I hae started fires on the windward side and MRS. YEAGER AND SCENES OF HER CHILDHOOD. burned the field over rapidly; this all fungus . diseases, insects, weed Mr?. Susie Yeager of Rineyville, calls Aunt Susie must shiver and stay mother to him. I have seen her on seeds, etc., and injures but few of the Hardin county, Ky., now in her 90th in bed to keep warm. rainy days or when the roads were plants, although occasionally where Their only visitors are an occasional muddy, carrying him in her arms like the roughage is a little heavy it may year, was a schoolmate of Abraham a baby to and from the schoolhouse. Lincoln at the very first session he ever neighbor who wants some lace crochetmake too hot a fire and hurt a few ed or a little sewing done and the At playtime she would always insist crowns. If this burning over can be attended. Mrs. that he play with her and the girls, done just before a rain storm I have I called on the old lady at her home priest who calls once a year. one day last week and heard from her Yeager is a devout Catholic like all telling him to keep away from the big found the plants start new leaves very lips some interesting reminiscences of her neighbors and looks forward to the boys, as they were likely to hurt him rapidly. 1 have some times after the the very early life of the martyred yearly visit of her father confessor as in their rough play. In those days burning run a smoothing harrow over a bright day in her desolate life. quite a number of the scholars were the entire field to loosen up the ground president. a little; this tears out a few plants, but full grown men. Mrs. Yeagers maiden name was Despite the hardships she has underA school session lasted the three does no harm to matted beds; it is gone, Mrs. Yeager is a wonderfully well Riney. She is fairly brisk summer months, because it was too sometimes advisable after the barrowHer father was one of the pioneers preserved woman. of that part of the state and Rineyville in her movements, her voice is firm and cold to go to school in the winter. It, ing to run a cultivator over between is named for the family. She was strong, having none of the quavering therefore, took a long time to acquire the rows and loosen up the ground, much better educated than the averof very old age, her blue eye is as bright such an education as the county af- which helps to stimulate a new growth more rapidly. What effect mowing off age girl of her generation, her family as a girls, and she nas recently dis- forded. But little Abe would not consent to the tops and burning the field later in She has a being one of the most prominent and carded her spectacles. the season would do I am not sure, but wealthy in the county. heavy suit of gray hair, over which be held to his sisters apron strings. He will be forming late She a had will dead for of wears old silk an black his own, and, strangely the fruit ciow-nHer husband had been cap. many she August and early in September, and years, the family possessions scattered is not much stooped, her mind is clear, enough, he did not seek the society of in would not think that burning over at and in her extreme old age she is livher memory wonderfully good, and she boys of his own age or thereabouts, but Ithis season would be safe or advisable. C5 She for years. daily fraternized with the very biggest I am ing in poverty, almost in actual want, would easily pass rather of the opinion now that as in a miserable log hut it can hardly wears calico dresses of an ancient patboys in the school. They thought a far south as Norfolk, where fruitage be dignified by the name of cabin. An tern and make, cloth shoes and a red great deal of him, and however rough was ended in May, that it would be betorphan girl whom she has reared has woolen shawl about her shoulders. She the play, they were careful never to ter to defer burning until very eaiiy given her all of a daughters lore and is 5 feet 5 inches in height and is of hurt little Abe. uext spring, sometime in late FebruHe was fond of play at playtime, sacrifice. She has refused several ofrather heavy build. She is a very inary or early March, when the ground newsas but was dilito woman reads he be and most fers of marriage, choosing remain telligent every was, young was dry enough, a quick fire over the and support by her needle her former paper and book she can get. gent at his studies during school time field might do some good. Some years benefactress. Yes, I remember Abe Lincoln well and he learned to read in the first sesago I had an accidental fire get into an sion. They are permitted to occupy the as a little bit of a fellow. she said. old strawberry field early in spring and The one thing I remember most burnt oft the hut by a distant relative of Mrs. YeaIt was what is now La Rue county, tops and a lot of old hay gers, but there is not a foot of ground but was then a part of Hardin, that about him was his unfailing good hu- mulch and where this burning over for garden purposes, and corn bread Abe Lincoln and I went to the same mor. I never remember to have seen was, the fruit was earlier and better and bacon are the staple articles of school. My father, Zachariah Riney, him cry during the two years he atthan where left undisturbed; still one tended that school. He never received accidental success of this kind would food. was the teacher. a whipping, and in our time the child not be a guarantee that like results I can see the old schoolhouse now, The evident refinement of the occupants is in strange contrast with their the old lady continued with a faraway was not spoiled by sparing the rod, would follow every such burning. It was built of and to go without a whipping a whole This little hut look in her eyes. squalid surroundings. resembles in outward appearance the rough logs, as all schoolhouses were in session was proof that he was an exMistakes on the Farn. those days, and mostly all of the tra good boy. patched up coal sheds of stables, com1. I made a mistake when I bought In appearance he was small for his monly built and seen on the premises dwelling houses, daubed with mud. The swamp land in thick timber, black ash, occupied by negroes. It is the remlogs were so arranged at the corners age, frail looking, with straight black elm, sycamore and black alder, cat formed and out smoke-houscut close e about his neck and face hair, and is so that the ends stuck nant of an old clay lands. in home fashion, with very dark skin. swamp overlaid with patches of boards, shinthree little recesses in which the chil2. Tried to farm it with open shalhome-spu- n These seek. He wore and hide as at did all old staves of and clothes, bits dren played gles, barrel low ditches. fence, over which is daubed mud to places were the favorite hiding places the children, and went barefooted. 3. Laid it with tile too shallow. He was very gentle in manners, 4. Laid it with tile too small to keep out the rain, that the original logs for little Abe. The school house had are scarcely perceptible. It contains no windows, but one log removed the never rough at play, tender hearted, carry off the water soon enough to but one room, the walls of which have whole length of the building served for well manned, and really more like a Eave the crop. The floor was girl than a boy, due doubtless to his 5. Plowed up wet meadow laud to a thick layer of newspapers and old light and ventilation. beaten solid. sisters companionship. and leveled to cotton one, of dirt a raise corn on. keep covering them, strips "Of course, laughed Mrs. Yeager, I 6. Tried to raise the third crop of out the wind and rain. The room is The benches consisted of logs split in 16 by 15 feet, has an old fashioned firethe middle and placed alongside the did not know then that the little chap corn in rotation on one piece of we all loved so well would some day be ground. place, one window, 2 by 3 feet in size, walls. 7. Did not select my seed corn in There was just one bench made of a the president, or I would have taken and two low doors. In one corner is an old fashioned bedstead, with four plank supported by stumps. This was notes of his sayings and doings. InSeptember and take proper care of regarded as a sort of luxury and the deed, it is a singular fact that I never same. high posts, a rope mattress and an en8. Planted In hills Instead of drillchildren used to fight daily for the knew until after his death that Presiormous feather bed, covered with a cotdent Lincoln was the same identical lit- ing it. ton quilt, pieced of pink and white cotprivilege of sitting upon it. 9. Did not cut up corn early enough The school house had one end of tle Abe. cupboard is in ton. A In those early days the Lincoln to make good feed of the stalks. one corner, a chest of drawers in anit taken up by a large fire place which 10. Did not tie fodder in bundles other and a modern cooking stove, extended clear across the room. The family pronounced their name Link-hor- n. to stack or mow away. on Knob creek, was situated of the The side one to house fireplace. placed 11. Did not reclean and grade seed "One thing I remember very disfloor is bare and the sunlight streams where it joins Roland Fork, and Abe in through the chinks in the ceiling. and his older sister walked a distance tinctly is seeing him bending down Wheat before sowing. 12. Not plowing oats ground in fall saplings and riding them for horses. of several miles to attend school. When it rains these same chinks adso a3 to sow early in spring. memas was her his favorite That amusement old at water. of laughed In The lady mit an unhealthy supply 13. Sowing and planting all kinds winter these two women almost freeze ory carried her back eighty long years, playtime. The family moved to Illinois and I of grain too thick. and evidently the scenes of her childto death. 14. Going In debt for farm machinto heard any more of them. never were her a presented few vividly hundred are hood only yards They ery. I of heard When, forty years later, from the house of the relative who mind. de15. Allowing agents of every But you want to know about little the election of President Lincoln, It gives them the rent of the cabin, and or me to to buy 7 me was then he to scription occurred that He was never persuade Lincoln. my barely Abe no a live in Christian community, yet imtake for I 10. wras stock in of I public was schoolmate remember old It and ago. little companies long one calls when either is sick, not an years the bringing him to not until some time after the news ol provements. Agents are a curse to and apple or peach is sent them in summer, his big sister farmer and a public nuisance, reached us she assassination first ) Oh, the his that day. school nor of piece nor a vegetable beef, him. of fond She discovered that little Abe Linkhorn ought not to be tolerated. and they never taste milk, yet the was so 16. With that lawyer when I counattended school there, and all day and President Abraham Lincoln were on fed it also are door daily. at the pigs seled with him. Your case is all right or same. at lessons at whether the play, woman, the Mary long, When young when there is money in it. was watchScenes here reproduced are from picThompson, is too ill to search for wood her careful eye wasconstantly brood 17. When I sold that good a regular little tures made by photographic process. She for fuel she and the old woman she ing him. mare and bred a common one. 18. When I bought a grade bull 20 in is to a Chiba which worth than buy Oriental person quotslavery cheaper than I could a good one. Towns. cheaper of The Growth to hire one, and many Europeans do 19. When I hired a lively, spirited ing. He says; According to recent statistics conA great fuss is made by certain so, simply treating the slave as an boar when a lazy one Is better. cerning the populations of towns from philanthropic enthusiasts about Kak- ordinary domestic, and never for a 20. Letting the young pigs lay ip a that during it appears 1880 to 1890, Because the Romans moment attempting to assert their own wet nest. slavery. that period the population has been hyen races in turn Anglo-Saxo- n dominion. 21. Feeding too much corn and not doubled at Amsterdam, Birmingham, and the treated slaves with cowardly have Rome. It and Manchester clover and slop. enough Brussels, Which Words the Same Spell Both at Prague, cruelty, we assume that eastern slav22. Selling young calves for veal has increased three-fol- d Ways. and Lonery must be even worse, because we and steers as Stockers. A person with a considerable amount Lyons, St. Petersburg, Paris Imagine the eastern code of morality of Cologne, at Dresden, fold 23. Selling corn, oats and rye infive on his time colhands don; has spare sixto be worse than our own. During lected the stead of feeding it on the farm. of Breslau, Hamburg and Vienna; list following words residence in China, 24. Farming tx much land and fold at Leeds, Liverpool and Warsaw; over twenty years which may be spelled forwards or I have always had a difficulty in dis- backwards at Sheffield and Glasgow; seven-fol- d as too much work. are planning palindromes, they disat cerning what was the external at Munich; nine-fol- d eight-fol- d 25. Not confining ourselves strictly called in learned language: Anna, and tinction between master and slave, or ,bab, bib, bob, bub, civic, dad, deed, t the farm in all its branches. Leipsic, Budapest, and Berlin; none in of and and the is mistress slave; at Baltimore. But all this d did ecce, eve, ewe, eye, 26. Not having an duration thorof eastern countries are slaves treated deified, dewed, nothing compared to the growth gog, gng, level, gig, madam, noon, otto, oughly in all tranches. D. C. W., in tothan children harshness which with greater New York and Philadelphia, I pap, peep, pip, pep, pup, redder, refer, Indiana Farmer. of the family or hired domestics. e times the inhabday have twenty-fivrepaper, reviver, rotator, sees, sexes, hand his a of have seen Chinese Viceroy itants they had at the beginning shahs, tat, tit, toot. Farm Koaf.. who it into slave a which to male puffed Chicago, like pipe the century, or, A writer in an exchange says; The blaze for his master by puta Brooklyn, and good has grown Fine leather, and Tine Bird.. load of wheat or hay that can be drawn I have 1800 ting it into his own mouth. where for every inhabitant in Did you hear what Mrs. Aristocrat o the barn is measured by tbe worst master and bis Chinese a seen also 339! now there are Mrs. Nouveau Rich said to me at the place in the farm road leading to tbe slave lie down and smoke opium toMrs. Wellbart-er- . barn. This may seem a small matter, a eincert this afternoon? gether. A body servant, a Slavery In China. are all equally de- born No, my dear; do tell me ail about but it is not so on thousands of farms. a slave, recent policeman, in a ho writes Mr. Parker, I cannot afford to have a bad piece in barred from the official career; but a it. Mrs. Aristocrat Well, she informissue of an English periodical, a very slave is no worse off than the other ed me that she had decided to have a the road, because time and wages of men are going on while the team is interesting account of the after the lapse of thre genera- notn de piunie in her hL ilarpet'g L s of frontier and the Kakhyen tribes., three; the taint stalled or taking only disappears. It is often of tions a load to escape stalling. A days work incidentally enters upon a defence .??, V s - j; V, ;iy - l - - rfyf,"v Nil wy .,. '' Cul-turis- - z& ';A7 kys j oata c.vi!i3PTru'G.v d s three-corner- ed ten-fol- 245-fol- Burmo-Chi-ne- three-fourth- of man and team filling gullies and and doing a little graJ.ug of stecn bluffs, would be worth twenty dollar.-- on a few farms with which I am acquainted. It would s.'ve wear of wagon. team and driver's temper, and mate it poss.ble to increase the sue of 'oads without danger of overloading. This work should be done thoroughly and on time. I prefer having it cone a month before harvest, so that soma wear may make it smooth. These but details are "details, count. A man will spend half a dollar to go to a circus and be happy two hours, while that half a dollar expended in permanently getting rid of some nuisance would save him from being mad a month, if all the little vexatious times could be shoved together and be thus chuck-hoie- s. measured. IHgeatUe I'cmer of Anlmalh The digestive and assimilative powers of animals are much more vigorous when they are young than when they have grown old, and in selecting cattle for feeding purposes this should be borne in mind. This difference is plainly shown in the tests that have been made from time to time, the gain being much more rapid during the first two years than it is afterwards, and the profits from fteding correspondingly greater. It Is frequently the case, to be sure, that old cattle grow very fat, but it must be borne iu mind that this has come about from feeding, and the question is to be considered whether, when the value of the food consumed is taken into account, there is any profit left. In the selection of animals it should not be taken for granted that a large beast will necessarily eat more than a small one, for this is not always the case. Much depends on the powers of assimilation. It has ofen been noticed that one lot of cattle will thrive and make rapid gain on much lets food than another. Careful watching of the stock while being fattened, ami keeping an accurate account of the cost of food consumed, will soon enable a man to make such selections as may be depended on to show good returns. Ex. long-continu- Divernlfylng Agricultural Product. The first thing that suggests itself fo my mind is diversification of our We are now agricultural products. importing from foreign countries agricultural products of an average value of $3S9,C51,012. which is a little more of all our importations than one-liaof all kinds. Some of these importations cannot be profitably produced here; a large share of them can and ought to be produced here by American farmers. This would give employment to labor in this country and ought to be produced here by American farmers. This would give employment to labor in this country and keep at home the millions that gc abroad to pay for foreign labor. Such diversification would also reduce tin production of the cereals which havt been produced in late years at a loss. It Is folly for us to try to force upon consumers more of any product than their wants demand. We must learn to supply them with what they warn and then make them pay fair prices for the same. In this way we may exercise some control over our business and realize some profit on our labor aud investment. J. H. Brigham lf ('fthbaffoa In Winter. The old plan of burying, or putting cabbage in trenches during winter, or for winter use, has become obsolete, and a more simple and easy plan has been adopted. Where cabbage is grown on a large scale for shipping purposes, the best plan is to lift the cabbage and stack them two tiers deep and as closely as they can be placed in an orchard, or wood if convenient, and cover with leaves to the depth of two or three inches, the leaves to be kept in place by a slight covering of earth, says Amer- In this way the loan Gardening. heads will keep perfectly sound all winter, and they can be easily taken up as wanl d f ir ship-pinFor family Ube caouat.es can be kept in the same way, only it will not be necessary to make the second layer. It is quite important to keep them a little below the freezing point It has been suggested to keep them in but this some convenient building, plan has always resulted in failure, at the dry atmosphere is fatal; cabbag. must be kept moist and cool, the slightest wilting renders it unfit for th table. Keeping Grapes. Ren and Horilcaltur. I have lately hid my attention ealle to the fact that there was a greot difference in the yield of honey from colonies located only from one to two miles apart, vvritts Mrs. L. Harrison in Rural World. Judging from this, turners and gardeners, wil! not get vhe full benefit of their crops ol vines and clovers, if they do nut keep bees upoa their own fields. Especially is this true, if the weather should be foggy aud damp during the e blooming season. Specialists iu know that a good place to locate an apiary is near large orchards seed foauis, alfalfa or alsike clovet Those w he fields, pickle farms, etc. raise cucumbers under glass, find they must have bees in their green house or their cucumbers will not set. '1 se who are engaged iu these pursuits, unless there are large apiaries near th-should cultivate bees as well as fields He who would live at ease, should cul tivate both fruit and bees. It would be better for the welfare of our country if bees were more equally distributed. Very large apiaries are not as desirable as that every orchard and farm should have sufficient workers to gather the nectar, and fertilize the bloom. It la not necessary that every farmer should be a skillful apiarist, and secure large crops of honey, but he should keep beee in large hives, well protected from the intrusion of stock. Where horses and other animals have been injured by being stung it was usually the result of carelessness. Ilives should be well protected, and not placed near hitching posts, nor drinking places. Plant for Bees. who have experimented along this lnq claim that it does not pay to plant for honey alone; but there are many crops and trees that can be grown, that have a dual value, such as the clovers, alsike aud white. What is more beautiful upon a lawn Hum the linden or basswood? Sweet clover, Mellitotus alba and Ale.litotus officinalis, are yearly gaining in favor, as food for stock and bees, and are fast rooting out and other noxious weeds, from roadsides and waste pluces. They thrive on gravelly knoll), railroad embankments and rocky hillsides. bee-cultur- rs dog-fenn- Cult Out Bremlliig: Hunt We would advise swine breeders to cull more closely than has been the practice, says A. L. Mason, in a conWe think that at least temporary. d should be culled, and if half could be culled it would be better. We have known breeders who have sold every male In the herd for breeding purposes, even where they got as low as J4 or $5 a head for them. This is a mistake. It Is not only a detriment to the business, but necessarily lowers the standard. The quality of pigs sold for breeding purposes should be up to a good standard, and they should be sold at a profit abovo what the pig would be worth for the pork barrel. All pigs sold for breeding purposes should have excellent bone, reasonably well marked, free from swirls, and have a good, breedy appearance. They should not only possess good action, but should Le gentle and of kind disposition. one-thir- Pronpeota for Mutton Production, C. F. Curtis, superintendent of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, says: it has been shown by experl ments at the Iowa station that while well-bre- d cattle coming 2 yiurs old, being fattened under favoruhle conditions, will make 123 pounds of increase in weight from 1,000 pounds of a given kind of feed, good lambs under I year old will make 138 pounds of increase in live weight from 1,000 pounds of a similar ration; and the mutton in this case sold for more than the beef. In this comparison no allowance is made for the value of droppings of cattle or the fleece of the lambs. This bhowing does not argue against the economy of beef making. It only reveals more clearly the fact that mutton production ought to become a permanent, feature of Western agriculture, and that farmers and feeders ought more generally to avail themselves of this outlet for the surplus ol grain and hay crops. to Alkalis. Milk, Milk Is an opaque whitish fluid, haring an opalescent, bluish tint in thin layers, and a specific gravity averaging between 1028 and 1034. It is a natural emulsion, consisting of little globules of fat invested with coatings and casein and suspended In a solution of albumen, milk sugar, and salts. The reaction of milk is variable, womans milk and that of the vegetable eating animals being normally alkaline, but that of the meat eating is acid; with the former, however, it is often possible to obtain a double reaction, both acid and alkaline, owing to the presence of an acid sodic phosphate and of an alkaline disodtc phosphate. Milk becomes add on standing, owing to the conversion of part of its sugar into lactic acid; and at the same time the fatty globules rise to the surface, forming a layer of cream, some of these globules also being freed from their protein envelopes. If a rniUc upon standing in a warm place for a few hours is alkaline, look upon it as suspicious for tuberculosis, etc. methods of keeping Concerning Jones writes grapes, Consul-GenerA recent bulletin from Rome, Italy: of the School of Agriculture of Scan-diccItaly, describes experiments made by Professor Marchl. for the keeping of grapes fresh during tbe winter. A certain quantity of grapes (comprising different qualities) were hung up in a cool and dry place, all damaged berries having been previously removed; a second lot was packed In dry, pulverized peat In wooden boxes. At the end of four months the grapes that bad been hung up had become decayed and bad dropped off; on the other band, those that had been packed in the boxes were found to be in fine condition. This is. therefore, a simple and economical method. Another one conFat Hens Preferred. With all the sists in gathering the bunches with a good bit of stem attached and immers- abuse that may be heaped upon the fat hen because she does not lay she brings ing their tips in bottles containing wamore in market than any other kind of ter and pulverized charcoal. poultry except the turkey, and at times Corn Smut. The smut does not pass the difference in favor of the turkey is from stalk to stalk in the field, and very little. As the consumers are willthere is no danger of contamination in ing to pay good prices for fat hens it is this way. The infection takes place best to sell tnem as soon as they cease when the corn is very young, the ger- laying if in a very fat condition, as the minating spores entering the tenderest time required to get such hens to the part the root, node and lowebt joint; proper condition for laying again may and after the dibease is once in the be weeks or even months. The best plant no application will do the least .ime to sell is when you have the artic ie good.- Ex. the consumer requires, and at the present time the fat hen is in demand. Ex. It you have bog holes in the pasture Chicago butter holders are preparwhere the cows can go and drink th to export a good deal of the butter either them have filled ing water, stagnant in their hands. now up or drained. al i, |
