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Show SOME DEBTSOF AMERICAN REPUBLICS i Revolutions Have Been the Cause of the of the Latin American Colonies. Interior were 'rude, uncouth ranchers that after several the city and state of Buenos Ayres seceded from the rest of the country, remaining a separate republic for eight years. This was the best thing that ever happened for South America. The intelligent people ol Buenos Ayres. left to pursue their own course unhampered by the Ignorant interference, and opposition of the country people, increased In wealth and population to such an extent that at the end of the two years they were able to conquer and annex the rest of the country. "The most remarkable of South American revolutionists, however, was Francisco Lopez. He was born in Paraguay, and In 1SG2 became presi-den- t of that country. He had traveled dent of that country. ETA ( shrdludlu in Europe, and had groat ideas and ambitions. He wanted to become 'emperor of South America,' and with that object in view, he, the president of tho smallest, invaded Brazil, the largest of the South American states, plunging the country In a war which lasted from 1865 to 1870. Before the war he had spent every cent in the Paraguay treasury for guns and ammunition. and to this day Paraguay is still suffering from the effects of bis administra tion. "Brazil has also had a curious career. Owing to her trade relations with England, Portugal could not as sist Napoleon when he undertook the blockade of European ports against British commerce, and, as a result, he took possession of the country, turn Ing the reigning dynasty out In the cold. The prince regent set sail for Brazil, the only Portuguese colony in America, which country welcomed him with open arms and made him emper or. in 1815, however, when the two countries were again united, Portugal found that her former greatness had fled to Brazil, and great discontent prevailed In consequence. Tbe colony had changed places with the mother country, and after a deal of bother, King John returned to his people, leaving his nephew, Pedro, as regeut of Brazil. It was then Brazil's turn to complain, and, as a result of her protests, Pedro was declared emperor of Brazil, the two countries separating by mutual consent Under his son. Pedro II, the people in 1889 revolted as a result of too much state religion and militarism." and gauchos, so no-fli- A canvass of the streets and public should be. It is a negro republic, and nlarua would reveal the fact that peo- over of the island is covple generally are deeply interested In ered with forests that have grown up the Questions attending, bearing upon, on the former plantations of the and growing out of the difficu- French, who were the owners until the lties between Great Britain and battle of Hohenlinden. on the one hand, and the Germany, Ecuador owes $3,750,000 to foreign ' South American republic of Venezuela countries and institutions; Uruguay, oh the other, says the Washington $1,881,725; Gautemala, $11,492,500; Post At first the matter failed to at Brazil, $145,000,000; Colombia, tract attention, but as it continued and Venezuela, $12,978,709, and one development after another rose the little republic of Costa Rica, out of what first seemed a small mat The total public debt of Arter, people are beginning to appreciate gentina and Chile, which are today tho the interesting features of this and richest, most prosperous, and most other curiosities of Central and South progressive of all South American American statecraft. states, amounts to $475,000,000 and The milk in the cocoanut in the $124,667,512, respectively, the greater present situation lies in the fact that portion of both sums, especially that owing to the vast number of petty of Argentina, which of late years has revolutions and other causes of an borrowed a great deal of money for allied nature, nearly every republic in' public works, is due foreign instituSouth America Is placed In a situation tions, banks, and governments. similar to that of Venezuela in the "It Is true that the foreign debt of matter of their foreign debt Time and several of these states is, after all. not gain the different South American as large as one might have imagined. governments have either repudiated or but when you take into consideration else sought to avoid the payment of the fact that the population, like that their foreign obligations, and with one of Haiti, Is composed largely of a or two exceptions their finances are all mixed negro and Indian element conin a condition more or less disordered. stitutionally opposed to work and makFor illustration, the present ing little use of the great natural reof Uruguay is honest, try- sources lying at their doors, it Is easy ing hard to pay the state debt and to see that In most cases they have withal satisfactory to the people. little out of which to meet these obliUnder the direction of this conservagations and no 'means of revenue tive regime the country appears pros- other than overtaxing their commerperous and contented, but, admitting cial and manufacturing industries. all these conditions, what assurance "In short, the condition of affairs la have the bankers of London, Berlin or South America is, to say the least, pe Paris that it will continue? In one culiar. When discussing the Monroe" month an entirely new 6et of officials with reference to South doctrine, may be at the head of affairs, with the most Americans seem to America, country In a state of anarchy, and the take view the the political ideals, that treasurer of the preceding administraand institutions of these counorigins, tion a defaulter. The things which are tries similar to our own, exactly once in a great while produce revoluas a matter of when, fact, they are id tions and changes in dynasties and nowise related. The thirteen English governments in Europe are not the colonies of North America possessed things which operate to bring out sim- almost complete freedom before the ilar changes in South America. Speakrevolution and were led to revolt ing of this peculiar phase of South fear that they might be through , American life, a Washing-Ionianof it, whereas, on the other who has spent the greater portion of his life traveling, and who Is hand, the Spanish colonies had never possessed any kind of freedom what thoroughly familiar with the their revoultions being attribut ever, situation, said: able to things altogether different Many Now In the Senate "According to the latest information from those which the North produced Tke roll senators of is very rapidly the foreign debt of Bolivia amounts Jo American rebellion. a roll of ol becoming fl.47,000, most of which is due Chile "In this connection states. Over men is dozen a it worth of the pres noting for mining property seized and dethat the of South' ent Senate at some time filled th stroyed by Bolivian citizens during the American George Washington Francisco Independence, gubernatorial chair, and in most in war between the two countries In 1879 to 1182 Inclusive. To meet this debt, 4 Miranda, was born in Caracas, Vene- stances made It a stepping stone to th zuela, and that the first blow struck upper branch of Congress. per cent of the customs dues are turn- for South American liberty, was In Many of the big state have an ex ed over to Chileans. San Salvador has a foreign debt of $1,000,000 due for 1806, when he raised an army of 600 governor In the Senate. Missouri, oni railroad properties destroyed and in- Venezuelans on the Island of Trinidad, of the largest Democratic states, nai to the mainland, expelled sent Stone In place ol jured during the revolution and war and, crossing the Venezuela Senator He Is one of the most Vest was, Spanish garrisons. with Cautemala in 1890. Peru has a Amerfirst of the South the astute in therefore, tbe party, vice politicians foreign debt of 1245,000,000. The ican colonies to throw off the chairman of of Democratic the national yoke reason why it Is so large is due to the In 1811 committee and widely known. Senator of the Caracas congress Spain, fact that some twenty-fivyears ago the foreign debt of Peru amounted to declaring the Independence of the Clarke of Arkansas is another new of the country. Bui senator and an of that only $22,000,000, and it had a reputa-- ' independence state. course new was Miranda's ao Still another short lived. The senator, tlon long sustained among the London of 1812. Senator is March. ol McCreary earthquake frightened and Paris bankers of being the 'best the and Venezuelans, Kentucky. superstitious and surest pay' of the the priests and clergy, who were on Senator Perkins of California hat republics. The most productive gold made of the bis political reputation as a state took tide of Spain, advantage and silver mines in South America were located in Peru, which at that the occurrence to declare that It was executive, as bad Senator Koraker oi time owned a long strip of seacoast on an evidence of Divine displeasure over Ohio, who was elected to two terms the Pacific, upon which was located the revolt from the mother country. and also twice defeated for governor ol the richest guano deposits In the Aa a result, Miranda's troops dsertel tbe Buckeye state. Senator Tillrsnn't world. The latter belonged to the him and went over to the Spaniards, first offlre was that of governor o! while be was captured, sent to Spain, Carolina, and there he inaugurated ih government, and the annual rental Vermont It rived therefrom, together with the and there died in a dungeon. Simon famous dispensary law. was Dollver a also the of native two stae with Caracas, only taxes, customs receipts, and Income from the mines, yielded a revenue such the cradle of South American liberty, In the Senate. Mr. Proctor, served at ts few states have enjoyed before or and,ofas evidence of how little tbe peo- lieutenant governor before becoming that continent understood or ap- governor, and Mr. Dillingham made a since, and, as a result, the credit of ple the doctrine of freedom, the splendid record In the eecutlve o.Tce preciated Peru stood high In the money markets Senator Iiantel was Democratic nom of the world. To meet foreign obliga- congress of Chuqulsaca, which declared inee the for governor of Virginia, and wu of Peru Independence tions, interest, etc., was then a small In and Bolivia defeated. drew 1825, a Fcnator Wet more was twi up matter. Indeed, and as a result of the which constitution of Rhode Island and then ot- that the governor provided willingness, nay, eagerness, of the be a featrd for third term. elected for life; b Senator Me- London and Paris bankers to loan this president should In the reno supreme executive. wise Knery of Ixmisiana was nominated I'.r government money, Peru became ambitious, built a great navy, end went to sponsible to the legislature and with governor of his state, but was defeated In 1?32 by bis present colleague in tbe war with Chile. In the contest which power to name his successor. with the revolution and "Beginning Senate, Mr. M. J. Foster, as the jnll followed Peru lost the greater part of civil In of 1S10. wr Peru. Senator Bacon ol the repub- lottery candf.iite. ber seacoast. with Its valuable guano lics of came South one vote of tein have since within America, tbn Georgia deposits, and at the end of the struganone nominated for war civil of th experienced after governorship fne gle found herself burdened with a forIn some until state other, are Senator countries of South. the Empire they eign debt of $243,000,000. no longer a noTelty. Some of their Nejpon came from the North Star sta'.e black "Haiti, the republic, has a revolutions have been ridifulous In by virtue of the approbation with foreign debt of $16,845,685. Tbe Paris the extreme, while others have been whkh he had received as goverbankers who loaned this sum did so without parallel in history. nor thereof. Senator Bate was twle "In Argentina the revolution took a governor of Tennessee, and Senatii thinking the Island was one of the richest spots on earth, capable of peculiar turn from the first. In the Dietrich resided his place as goveryielding enormous crops of sugar, other South American states revolu- nor of Nebraska to accept the election coffee, etc., but now they are In doubt tions were brought about by certain Senator Warren served under two as to when. If ever, they will collect questions as to state rights, etc., but Presidents. Arthur and Harrison, at this money. They were not mistaken In Argentina It took tbe form of a territorial governor of Wyoming, and as to the Island being rich, but tbey quarrel between country and city when the territory became a state was were in error in supposing that this, people. The people of B teuos Ayres, the first elected of lt governors, afterthe most productive region of the tbe capital, were Intelligent, well-edward coming te the Sen at ev Wash lag-West IndJea was cultivated aa it cated, aod refined, while those of the ton Pest nine-tenth- s $12,-000,00- 0; $10,-000,00- 0. govern-governme- nt dis-posess- well-know- n Latin-America- n so-call- ed , cts e Latin-America- n bri i a 1 I PLACE WHERE BOOTH WAS BURIED. Years After the Assassin ation of President Llrn coin the Body was Re - Interred In Baltimore have been told of the death and burial of John Wilkes Booth, assassin of President Lincoln, than would fill a volume. Every More stories good-size- d one of them has been incorrect to a de- gree, and many ot them have been right "fakes'," put forth on purpose. Hundreds of tales of Booth's being still alive are extant, and every little while, some one bobs up who claims to Identify ,him. Not long ago a suicide In Oklahoma was claimed to be John Wilkes Booth, and so convinced were people that he was that the man reputed to have slain him, Boston Corbett, was sent for to disprove the tale. There Is a man In Kansas City who knows absolutely that John Wilkes Booth Is dead, and that his body rests In Green Mound cemetery, Baltimore, for he helped to put it there. He knows that it was the corpse of Booth, because he was in the party that exhumed it, and every identification nark previously suggested by Edwin Booth, his brother, was noted and proved beyond question. He is the nly man alive who went through the trunks and personal effects of John Wilkes Booth after this event, and he knows whereof he speaks. This man is Garrie Davidson, for rwenty-flvyears the property man, Iresser and confidential man for Edwin Booth, continuing such up to the time of his death. Garrie Davidson is sow property man for "The Chaper-ns,- " and at the Grand recently he told the real stcry of the burial of John Wilkes Booth. "There have been many tales of Ibis," said he, "and every one of them has been tainted with fraud in some particular. Even those told by Edwin Booth were not true, by - design, of :ourse; be told of a secret removal of the body to an island in the Potomac, lust to throw people off the track. But this never took place, and 1 will tell out- e why: "When Booth was shot by Boston Corbett, who was arrested for it, as he lad orders not to do so his body was trapped in gunnysacklng and taken to Washington by Chief Baker of the lecret service and his men. It was then buried at night In the old jail. where he library now stands, under a flagstone. This was the same Jail, by :he way, in which Gulteau was hanged, fbis was la 1865. "Baker and his men were sworn to secrecy, and so was every one connected with tbe case. Not even Edwin Booth knew where that body was. But In 1874, 1 think it was, when things had quieted down and during the meantime, this story of a secret removal down the Potomac to an Island was started, and even Booth believed It for a while Edwin Booth went to Washington and secured secret per mission to remove the body. He was told where it was. I was with him at the time and I was in the little party that went to the Jail about 3 o'clock one morning, to exhume tbe corpse. "I had seen John Wilkes and knew his face well; one could never forget It It was very strong and very handsome. Tbe dentist who had put gold In his teeth was there, and before the THE FRANKFURTER JOURNAL. Oldest Newspaper In the World Sus pends Publication. The end of the oldest newspaper in the world should surely command something more of notice than three or four Inconspicuous and tines. We are told that the Frankfurter Journal, which has Just ceased publi cation, was one of the oldest nen- papers in Germany, and ts known to bave existed as early as 1C73. Vbat la in Inadequate statement of the casr. Hie paper In question was not only ane of the oldest it was positively the dldest In Germany, and that means It was the oldest in the whole world. We jxcept China, of course, with its Pek ing Gazette, a much older paper, but one wnich realty coesn t count, seeing that In Its luminous columns it Is Im possible to distinguish a marriage notice and a laundry check. Of real newspaper, the Frankfurter Journal was the first ever published. Not only it known to bave been founded in IS 73, but It Is well known to bave been founded In 1615, and to have been published with practical continuity from that date to the present a period of 283 fears. Its founder was Egenolph Em tneL a book seller of Frankfurt-on- Walo, aad its first "esteemed co a tem body was taken up, he described those' fillings minutely. The doctor who ha4 treated him was also there and he told of the removal of a bit of the spine, containing the fatal bullet, which is the museum at Washington. He also said that we must be careful In lifting the body, for the ankle, which he broke, you remember when he leaped out of the box after the shooting, would give way and the .foot would drop off. The flagstone was raised, and the body was examined. Sure enough the foot did drop off, and we had to put boots on the body to keep it in place. The dentist examined the teeth and said that they were Just ai he bad left them, and they fitted his description exactly. Why, one could recognize the features very plainly, and they certainly were those of John Wilkes Booth. "An undertaker had been secured from Baltimore, and he placed the body In a pine box and we took It to Baltimore. It rested in his shop for two days and then was secretly laid away beside his father in the cemetery. And I saw it done. That is the absolutely true story of the burial of John Wilkes Booth, for I saw it all now in my-self- ." "But," Mr. Davidson was asked, "John T. Sullivan, Edwin Booth's former leading man, said that the body was spirited down the Potoraao, because Edwin told him so. How do you account for that?" "In the first place. Booth didn't know for years where the body was. In tho second place, he didn't want it known' that the body had been burled in tho jail. In the third place, he had to keep faith with the government He told .that 6tory up to the time of his death, to the extremely few to whom he ever talked about the matter. But he knew the truth, and so did I, and we were of the very few who did. "Why, to show you that I know what I am talking about, Edwin Booth and I searched the trunks of John Wilkes, when he secured possession of them some years after the government seized them, and sealed them. I eaf the only man living today' who over looked into these trunks after they were sealed. And Edwin Booth is the only dead one. There was nothing much In them; Just some costumes, and some letters, mostly love letters, from women. He was great on women. We destroyed and burned every raaj and letter, ourselves. "Yes, Mr. Sullivan tells a Terr straight story, and a very true one, ao far as he knows. But he, like all the rest was told of that Island yarn by Edwin himself, because Edwin dldnl want the truth known." Davidson Is a staunch defender el John Wilkes Booth. He says he was a reckless, daredevil sort of fellow, aad that he was dragged Into the conspiracy by his friends. The plan was to kidnap Lincoln and make him slga some paper relative to slavery, but It miscarried, and to save himself Boot shot the president He says the hang. Ing of Mrs. Surratt was the worst blot on the United States that ever was, for she was not connected with th affair. Kansas City Journal porary "waji the Frankfurter Oberpoete-arntszeitun-g. which was founded la 1616, and which under the name of the Frankfurter Postzeitung. continued to be published until 1866. It was fitting that newspapers should have their origin In Germany, seeing It wss there that printing was Invented and the newspaper made possible. The rank of German cities at that time Is curiously .suggested by tbe order in which they established newspapersthe first two at Frankfurter, the third at Fulda. the fourth at the fifth at Herford. and the feixth. perhaps, at The Netherlands did not lag behind, for Antwerp established Its Nieuvwe TiJdlng-be- n in 1616. England waited until 162J before Nathanial Butter, Thomas Archer and Nicholas Bourne established! the Weekly News In Ixmdon. France s f rst paper was ihe Gazette de France, founded In Paris in 1631 by Theophraa-It- e Henaudot under the patronage of Richelieu, and as It is still In existence It Is now, since the demise of the Frankfurter Journal probably the oldest newspaper In the world. Other papery still In existence dating from the seventeenth century are the Loo-do- n Gazette, 1665; Berrow's Worcester Journal, of Worcester, England, 1M3, aad the Edinburgh Gazette, lwi Hil-deshel- Ix-ipil- |