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Show ' Page Two THE MIDVALE JOURNAL Friday, July 26, 1929 ·open Herdbooks "~. to Best Cattle Dairy Associations Overlooking Means of Improving Their Breeds. What Will. ¥/ou (Prepared by tha United to-tate• Department ot Agriculture.) Dairy breed associations In the United States are overlooking an im· portant means of Improving their respective breeds in keeping their herd books closed to the many unregistered high-producing cows of excellent type, according to 0. E, Reed, chief of the bureau o:t dairy Industry, UnltetJ States Department of Agriculture. Speaking before the annual convention or the Holsteln-Frles!an association in Philadelphia, 1\!r. Reed suggested the desirability of the national breed associations giving "some study to setting up a system of registry which will permit entering In the herd books unregistered animals that have reached a hlgb degree of purity tor a high level of production." Seems Like Rank Heresy. Mr. Reed admitted this suggestion might seem like "rank heresy to those who have not thought the proposition through," but he called attention to the fact that all cattle now registered sprang from the common herd. Moreover, he cited figures showing the very slight dlft'erence existing between the production o:t unregistered and registered commercial herds today. Of 100,000 cows tabulated by the bureau of dairy Industry, 70,000 were grades and 30,000 were registered. The grades, he said, produced 7,124 pounds of milk and 284 pounds of butterfat a year on the average, whlle the registered cattle averagt>d 7,878 pounC.s of mllk and 303 pounds of butterfat, a difference of only 7M pounds of milk and 19 pounds of butterfat in favor of the registered cattle. Whenyour , Children Cty·, for It · '!'here Is hardly a household that hasn't heard of Castoria! At least five million homes are never without it. If there are child~n in your famlly, there's almost dally need of its com· tort. And any night may find you very thankful there's a bottle In the house. Just a few drops, and that colic or constipation is relieved; or dlarrhe!i checked. A vegetable product; a baby remedy meant for young folks. Castor!a Is about the only thing you have ever heard doctors advise giving to infants. Stronger medicines are dangerous to a tiny baby, however harmless they may be to grown-ups. Good old Casto ria! R-emember the name, and rememb_er to buy it. It may spare you a sleep· less, anxious night. It is always ready ralways safe to use; in emergencies, t tor everyday ailments. Any hour of the day or night that Baby becomes fret· tul, or re!!tless. Castoria was nevez more popular with mothers than it 1& today. E>ery druggist has it. .. New System Ia Favored. ·~hoto L By ELMO SCOTT WATSON HE "iron horse'' 1.8 100 years old. On Augusr 8, 9 and 10 the citizens of Honesdale, Pa., wlll observe its birthday with a celebration commemorating the first successful op.; eratlon of a steam-driven locomotive on the W-estern Hemisphere. The locomotive was the Stourbrldge Lion. It was built in En4t· land and shipped to this counu•y In February, 1829, as the proper..t:y of the Delaware & Hudson Canal company, and on August 8 it was put into operation on a three-mile stretch o! track near the scene of the company's operations at Honesdale. The first trial run of the locomotive · demOO: strated conclusively that steam transportation was practical and tbat the Lion would operate, but officials of the company found that the wood· en ralls, covered wltb a thin strip of iron, could not stand heavy duty and the Lion was never used for practical work. But even though the Lion was not kept In service, to Its trial trip belongs the honor of beIng the first time a practicable locomotlve ran upon a permanent rallroad track in America and to Horatio Allen, who operated It, goes the distinction of being the first American locomotive engineer. So at the Honesdale celebration a monument to the locomotive wm be dedicated and a trltnsportatlon parade, depleting all modes or travel from oxcart to airplane will be held. The development or railroads In the United States Is another story of American magic. From those three miles of track near Honesdale has grown a network of nearly 250,000 miles of steel ralls which penetrate to every 11art of the country. The progeny of this first "iron horse" now number more than 70,000. Whereas their ancestor weighed only 8 tons and puffed along at the rate of three or four miles an hour, some of these "colts" are giant's, weighing more tbun 800 tons and they roar across the country at the rate of 80 miles an hour. A century is a comparatively short time In th.e history of a nation, yet the past 100 years of railroad history 1n the United States has seen such marvelous changes as to make Its story sound lik~ a tale !rom the Arabian Nights. To appreciate fully its marvels, we must turn to the early days of rallroading and in the volume "The March of Commerce" In the "Pageant of America'' series, published by the Yale Uni1versity Press, one may read the following Inter· esting account of the "iron horse's" beginnings: For fifty years after Watt gave the worlc! hla steam engine In 1773 other Inventors toyed with the Idea of making a steam engine move Itself. .Among .Americana who experimented with eteam road wagons or steam locomotives were Oliver Evans, Benjamin Dearborn and John Stevena. Many British inventors, Including Richard Trev!thlck also experimented with the problem. The weaknes~ In all their machines was that they could not produce steam as rapidly as they used It, nor did their engines have enough power to move quickly or to pull more than their own weight. In 1829 the pro~tress of British Invention justltled a competitive trial held by the Liverpool & Manchester Railway. At this test the Rocket, an engine Invented by George and Robert StephenBon, father and son, was the victor. The Rocket combined two features which enabled It to eliminate the faults of Its predecessors and competitors; It had a. tubular boller and a forced draft. Stephenson's bGiler exposed the maximum ot :heating surface to the burning tuel, and the forced draft occasioned by turning the exhaust steam from th.cyllnders In to the stack fanned a fire fierce enough to produce steam taster than It was used. Thus, although Stephenson alone is not to be credited with the invention of the locomotive, he was r~J• aponslble for setting forth a practicable combination of known principles by which for the tl.rst time the machine desired by other inventors was obtained. Consequently his fame is deserved. • • • With the winning of the Liverpool & :Manchester railway prize of 600 pounds, Stephenson became, and tor the rest of his Ute remained, the most successful locomotive builder ln G4eat Erlta!n and all Europe. Our interest w thl.s En&llih lll>entor llea 1n the The above photograph shows C. A. Lehman, a teacher In the Long Beach (Calif.) echools and the marvelous collection of locomotive models he has made. Starting with the model of Tom Thumb of 1828 used by the Baltimore &. Ohio, the models are as follows. De Witt Clinton, built for the Mohawk &. Hudson in 1831; Pioneer, first engine used by the Chicago & Northwestern In 1848; typical locomotive of 1850; Falcon, Central Pacific engine which met the Union Pacific No. 119 In Utah In 1869; fast passenger type of 1880; passenger type of 1895; Atlantic type used by the Pennsylvania In 1905; heavy Pacific type of 1910; Mallet-Compound locomotive of 1918, and the latest three-cylinder passenger Union Pacific which has a speed of 80 miles an hour. :tact that It was an English-made locomotive, rather than an American product, which made the historic run whose centennial ls being celebrated In Pennsylvania this year. The "Pageant" narrative continues : English engines came to America through the action of the proprietors of' the Carbondale railroad, the coal tramway of the Delaware & Hudson Canal company. Through their civil engineer Horatio Allen, whom they sent to England, they orderen three locomotives, one of them with riveted flues of large size from Foster, Rastrick and company, of Stourbridge and the other two with tubular boilers from Stephenson and company of Newcastle-on-Tyne. The Stourbr!dge Lion was operated at Honesdale by Horatio Allen on August 9, 1829. The locomotive proved so heavy (8 tons) that U was pronounced unsate on the trail bridges and trestles of the Carbondale railroad and was discarded. This trial, however, was the first tlme a practicable locomotive ran upon a permanent railroad track In America, and Allen, although It was the only time he ever ran an engine has the distinction of being the first American iocomotlve engineer. The Stourbrldge engine received Its name from a painting ot a lion's head on the front of the engine•s boiler. The J,ion, stored In a shed bY the Carbondale railroad. was picked to pieces by souvenir hunters and what was too heavy to carry away was eventually sold by the railroad for old Iron. Later the historical value of this . engine caused a search for Its parts, some being recovered. The two engines built by Stephenson and Company, arrived somewhat later. They were stored In an Iron warehouse In New York City, exhibited occasionally, but never used. These engines were similar to the Stephenson Rocket and If they had been given a trial at once thev would have had the • lstorical place now assigned to the Rocket Itself, fof the latter did not make lts famous trip until October 14, 1829. The first railroad constructed In America with a definite aim of carrying passengers and freight was the Baltimore & Ohio. It was chartered In 1827, and the laying of the ralls began on July 4, 1828, Charles Carroll, the only llv!ng signer of the Declaration of Independence, lifting the first shovelful of earth. The first section ot 13 miles, from Baltimore to Ellicott's Mills, was opened In May. 1830. The promoters experimented with various sorts of power. One was a fiat car fitted with a treadm111 operated by a horse. Upon Its trial trip this contrivance was upset by a stray cow on the tracks and the device was condemned. Another ex· perlment wa11 made with a sallcar, the Meteor, a. sailboat on wheels. Peter Cooper was the next Inventor to olter Ideas to the Baltimore & Ohio railroad; he was influenced in part by the fact that he owned some land value of which would be enhanced It this railroad proved a suc()ess. Cooper built a tiny steam locomotive with a boiler about the size of those that now stand by the kitchen stove and with fiues constructed with gun barrels. Other parts were proportionately small and crude. This engine wal.' called the Tom Thumb. With It, Cooper made a few trial runs upon the partially finished ra'.!Iroad ln 1830. With the data eecured from his small model, Cooper reconstructed the Tom Thumb and operated It again on August 28, 1830, over the full 13 miles of the road, attaining a speed of four miles an hour, pushing a car with 24 passengers. A few days later there was a challenge race between the Tom Thumb and an horse-drawn car over tha double track from Ellicott'!! Mills to BaltiDK~re. The gray horse led at the start but the locomotl ve caugl.t up with It and pas~ed It; then a belt slipped and the horse reached Baltimore first. During the following year horses served as a motive power on the Baltimore & Ohio. Although the gray horse bad defeated Tom Tl&Umb, tlle Baltimore & Ohio officials believed that the steam locomotive was wortll further .by.Un<t'ei"'WOod trial. Accordingly they offered a prize of $4,000 for the best engine which should be delivered to them for trial, by June 1, 1831, and a prize of $3,500 for the second best engine. The winner of the competition was a watchmaker named Phineas Davis of York, Pa. He called his locomotive the York. But the B. & 0. men, because of Its appearance, called lr the grasshopper. Another engine which Davis built for the Baltimore & Ohio, similar to the York, was called the Traveller and It has the distinction of being the first used for freight service. Among the other historical "firsts" should be listed the Charleston & Hamburg railroad, chartered by South Carolina in 1829, which from its beginning was planned for the use or steam power. So to it rather than to the Baltimore & Ohio, goes the bonor of being the first railroad in America constructed for steam. In 1830 this railroad contracted \\ ith the West Point foundry of New York city for a steam locomotive capable of making the astonishing speed of 10 mlles an hour. This engine was called at first The Best Friend of Charleston, but lt was usually referred to more briefly as The Best Friend. It had Its first trial in November, 1830, and promptly ran off the track. After some changes had been made 1t proved able to make 30 miles an hour without a load and 21 miles an hour when pulling four loallcd passenger cars. It was put into service In January, 1831, and in June of that year it figured In the first locomotive accident In America. Its fireman was a negro who did not like the sound of steam escaping from the safety valve. So he sat fll:l the valve, whereupcn the boller promptly blew up, breaking the negro's thigh and teaching him some things that he had never before suspected about the power of steam. To avoid a recurrence of such accidents the Charleston & Hamburg railroad, when It put its second locomotive, the West Point, Into service, pla~ed between the locomotive and the passenger coaches a car piled with cotton bales and another otcupied by a negro brass band. The theory wag that the music would tend to diYert the passengers' minds from the possibility of an explosion and if an explosion did occur the cotton bales-and the negroeswould get the benefit of the blast. The next famous "iron horse" to make its appearance Is described in the "Pageant" narrntlve as follows: Under a charter granted by the New York legislature in 1826, the Mohawk & Hudson Railroad company built In 1831 Its original line from Albany to Schenectady, a distance of about 17 miles the primary link in the present New York ce~tral system. The road was at first operated with horse-drawn cars, but the success of the southern raih'oad with locomotives, led to the ordering from the West Point foundry In April, 1831, of a locomotive to which was given the name of the De Witt Clinton. The first public trial of the engine pulling a train of cars, was on August 9, 1831. Th.; engine employed wood fuel and the passengers were showered with sparks from the stack, so that some had their clothing burned in spots, while others put up umbrellas to ward olt the fiery rain. The cars were coupled with heavy chains about three feet long, and, when they started and stopped the venturers were jerked ott their seats as th~ chains· slack wag taken up or the cars crashed to· gether. The passengers themselves cut fence ralls and wedged them betw61!n the cars to reduce the hazards of the journey. . . . The Baltimore & Ohio, the Charleston & Hamburg and the Mohawk & Hudson were the leaders In experimental railroad construction. The practicability of the new form of transportation needed no further proof to encourage a number of other railroad projects and as soon as thl small· est link was ready for traffic it was open to the public. Thus b) )835 people and goods were movIng by rail over the completed portions of the New York & Harlem railroad in New York, the camden & Amboy railroad In New Jersey, the Phil· adelphia & Ge1 man town & Norristown railway the Columbia railroad, the Philadelphia, Wllm!ng: ton & Baltimore railroad and the Reading rail· road in Pennsylvania. In New England by that t!me, three railroads radla ted from Boston, one north to Lowell, one west to Worcester, and one south to Providence. In the same year the original raltroad, the Baltimore & Ohio, with about 70 miles of track carried about 100,000 passengers. By 1836 the steam railroad was an accepted fact a t.be United StateL There are many unregistered anImals of great productive capacity nnd excellt>nt type In the United States today that could be made use of in our breeding operations with profit, he said. A system of registerlog such animals has plenty ct backIng, and It can be made genetically so.und. Great Britain, Holland, and other countries famous for their fine herds and flocks have used such a system in the past and still follow the practice of admitting animals that have three to five top crosses of reg· lstered sires. In discussing the plan, 1\Ir. Reed pointed out that ft would nat mean an immediate wholesale registration of grade cattle. If only three top crosses were required for the regIstration of females and all first calves in the crosses . were females, whleb 11 Improbable, he stated, It would take ten years to get a female registered 1n the herd book. Silent Gypsy Smith, the evungel!st, never used a knife nor a fork ont!l he was seventeen years old and, according to bis own story, spent his youth ped· dUng clothes pegs and singing In bar· rooms to the accompanln1ent of his :Cather's fiddle. Gypsy preached his first sermon to bis father's turnip field and later In Ute frequently referred to the turnips as the most attentive audience he ever had. • Preventive Steps for Poults and Blackhead Such tragic stories as come ln about "poults the s!T..e of qualls." "They get a yellowish or greenish color dro~ pings": "they begin to walk slow": "they go light until they die," etc. This Is the old enemy "blackhead." The preventive measure Is to rear the turkey poults on ground that Is not pastured by chicks; to give them nil the sour milk they wlll drink, and every third week to give epsom salts In the proportion of a teaspoon each per old bird, and a bait teaspoon for poults. 'fhe droppings of a flock affected with blackhead should be kept cleared away and burned or burled. Make sure that the fowls are free from mites and lice. Do not keep as breeders birds that have been cured of blackhead. Food for Goslings. Bread and milk, cornmeal and bran mash are all good food for goslings. One thing that tends toward profit In geese-raising Is that but little tood Is required after the first few days when grass Is plentiful. But because goslings are not always careful ns to diet they sometimes eat poisonous weeds, • prlndpally young cockleburr, nnd unless timely aid is given they die. It Is best to teed them at least once a day, and to Include a little lard or grease skimmed from liquor In which vegetables have been boiled and seasoned, to overcome the effects ot such poisons. • ... .•••.•....... . ... 1!.............................................. ·-····-·-·-·~·~•.I!,_.I!JJ. ~ ··~ ~~-~~.~ ;. f~ Agricultural Notes ~ c-:-:..:..:..:..:..:..:...c+:..:-:..:..:..:..:..:..:u:..:+e-Y...) Kill Rats . Without Polson A New Exterminator that Kill Uvestock• Poultry• Dogs. Cats, or even Bally Chicks •• Won~ :K-R·O can be 1111ed about the home, bam orpoultry yard withabooluteoafety u it contains -d•a41J' po...a. K-R·O ia made or Squill, ao recom• mended by U. S. Oept. of A11riculture, under the Cormable proceoo which insureo maximum atrength. Two cano killed 5 78 rato at Arl<anna State Farm. Hundreds of other teotimoniala. Sold 011 ... a Moae,-• Back Guaraat... lnaiat upon K·R·O. the oricinal Squill nttr• minator. All dn11111ioto, 75c. Lar~~:eai&e (fourtimeo ao much) $2.00. Direct if dealer c;annot oupp}¥ ;rou. K·R·O Co., Sprinllfield. 0. [ij]o K[!!] KILLS·RATS•ONLY Dan.-er of Smartneu "You have said a great many smart things. So clever a girl should easily · find a husband." "On the contrary," Sllld Miss Cayenne, "no girl Is likely to be In re· quest for marriage who displays ber aarcasm 1n advance." I Tbe Type We are told of the good mother who ":as disturbed over her son, who had been In Italy &tudylng for three years. "I am so afraid he'll get so ltal!clzed he won't come home."-Boston Transcript. . ~ • Cue•t Confide·11t Hostess-I'm delighted to see you, Yr. B!lgcwater. I've hear so much about you. Guest-You can't prove anything.The Pathfinder. Cream rtses to the top, even 1n a eommon basln.-chamoncss. Feed a dry mash. • • • Roelng Is the life o:t peas. them plenty of ft. Give • '• • Ask for "TA.CK.·UP" Sudan grass used for pastures Ia not nearly so hard on the land a1 sudan grass ust>d for hay. AEROXON One of the latest devices Is a conveyor and self feeder for baling straw directi:Y from the threshhig machine. Leading Ribbon Fly Catcher J'J~ • • • • • • Vt>getables will not develop satlsfactol'liy if the plants are thick, hence judicious thinning Is very Important. • • • Don't forget to take a dally lookout ror bugs anu give them a shot of polson. One bug can produce a big family In short order. • • • Unless turnips are thinned just at the right time they will be disappointIng. Get tbem pulled to rell.IOnabl• distances to permit .crowth. ff{ationaUr e4d,ermed Cateher 2 lor ....,. ,....,. ,.•. , sc Get rid. of peaty lUes. Hang up original AEROXON !Pronounced A-Rock-Son) Fly Catchers with Tbaab.Tack Attached. No fuss-no trouble. They Will catch th~ds of flies for a nic:.kle. Insist upon Kelting AEROXON FJY. Catchers from your dealer. Sole: Importers and Diatributors for U.s.A. GRAEF a SANDKNOP, Edla•, Mo. " • |