Show AMUNDSEN WINS SOUTH POLE 1 the norwegian explorer tells of his antarctic dash j GRAPHIC ACCOUNT OF THE TRIP captain own narrative of HI his attainment of the south pole december 14 17 1911 by roald amunds Amund Ko u copyright 1912 by the N Y alm timea es co all right rights reserved hobart tasmania march 8 9 at 2 k a oi on the loth day of february 1911 we a commenced to work our way toward the south mouth iron from iro n that day to toj the bilth of april establishing three depot depots which la in all contained a quantity of provision provisions of about 3 elloa including Inc ludin 1100 kilos of seal meat were cached in 80 degree ecot kilos in 81 degrees and SOO kilo kilos in SS 82 degrees south latitude I 1 As nu no land nark marks were to be teen seen I 1 these depot depots were marked with flags seven kilometers on each at he Is in the easterly and westerly directions tte its ground and the elate state of the barrier were of 0 the best and special ly well adapted to u driving with dog dogs on february 15 we hs hj hsi I thue thus travel ed about kilometer kilometers the weight ot the wag was kilos and the number 0 of dogs ae as six for each ledge sledge the surface of the barrier j was smooth ani an I 1 fine with no te crevices were very lol and were found dangerous in only two blaess for the rest long smooth lions I 1 the weather was excellent calm or a light breeze the lowest tern tam pert ire on these depot tripe trips was minus IS 5 celsius or centigrade renti grade 49 degrees below zero fahre phet on the ath of march larch on our return from tho the first trip begin beginning on the ibah of february we wo found out that the fram frain bad had already left us with pride and delight we heard that bat 1 her smart mart captain had succeeded in sailing her furthest south and there hoisting holt ting the colors of hta his co in try a glorious filor loua moment for him and his comrade comrades the furthest north and the furthest south good old fram the highest south latitude attained vias as 78 derees 41 minutes winter on tha ice barrier defore the arrival arrivi of winter we had bad bios mios of seat meat in the depot depots enough for ourselves and find don dogs hight right dog boises a corn com bin atlon of tenta tents and snow huts viere ere built having aa cared for the dogs the turn cane carie to use our solid little hut it was almost entirely coperet with now by the middle of april first we had to get light and air the 1 ox ux lamp which had a power standard candles gave us a bril llant ilant liblit and kept the he temperature up to 20 degrees celsius GS 63 decrees degrees fahrenheit throughout the winter oar car excellent ventilation system gave us all the air we wanted in direct communication with the hut but and dog housed houses on the barrier were workshops packing rooms eel lare tars for provisions L cl LI I wood and oti oft a plain bath a steam bath and observatory thun thus we had everything within doors it the weather should be too cold and stormy the sun left us on alo of april and did not return until four months later the winter was spent in changing our abola outfit which on the depot trips was found to be too clumsy and solid for the smooth surface of the Ila harrier trier besides this as much scientific work as possible was don and some astonishing meteorology al Tationa were taken open aster all winter thero there was very litak snow ami there was open water closi by throughout Khoa the winter for tte the same reason higher temp grature had been expected but it rem lined ned very low in five live months there were observed temperatures between minus 60 and 60 degres cel cels luu slum 58 and 76 de do gre etes grees es below iero zero fahrenheit the th lowest tamp ure on the irth of august bela minus ZD degrees celsius it was then calm on the lit let of august the temperature was wa minus 53 degrees cololus cols lus and there were six meters ot at ind the mean temperature for the year nas was minus 28 26 degree degrees celsius below ero zero fahrenholt fahren helt I 1 cad bad expected hurricane after hurricane brt I 1 observe observed J only two node lode rate storms and many excellent excel laut auroras aur stir oras in all directions the sari sanitary tary conditions were of tile ne best beat all t tie to winter ajl aid bon the sun returned on the of augut august he net met the a nen en sound in mind and body ready to let set about the tho task that had bad to bo be soleta 11 aready the day before we had brought oar our sledges to the a starting t ing towed trtat place for oi 01 larch toward the south uth only la in the beginning of 0 september did the temperature rise to such an extent a that there was any lay of betting setting out first start for the pole on the ath of september eight men with seven sledges ninety dog dogs and provisions for four months started tho the ground was perfect the tern tem pera ture was not bad the next day it lt appeared that we had started to too early as the temperature of the following day days fell and was kept steady between minus 60 and 60 cerilus 58 59 1 i degree degrees and 78 76 degrees below zero fahrenholt fahren fabren helt belt personally we did not I 1 buffer suffer at alt all from this hi cold our good fur protected us but with nur ur doga dogs it was a different matter it could bailly ea a ily be ien seen that they shrunk from day to da and we understood oon that they could not stand the long ion run to our belot at 80 degrees we agree a I 1 on returning and to wait tor for the arrival of spring the provisions were cached and oft off w went for the hut but with the exception of the ion loss of a few dogs and a couple of frozen heels everything was all till right only in the middle of october spring came in earnest oar neat beals and birds appeared the temperature was steady between 20 and 30 celata s 68 degrees de greel I 1 and BG degrees fahrenz oft I 1 the o plan that all of us should go toward the south had been changed rive five men bad had to do this work while the other three were to tart start for the east and visit king ed ward VII VI land thia this last mentioned trip was not included in our program but owing to the tho tact fact that the english hai not reached it at least this summer as an was their intention we agreed that the best thing to do was also to make thia this trip on ocoler 20 the southern party started five men tour four sledge fifty two dogs and provisions to tour four months everything in excellent order I 1 the journey to the pole we iva bad made up our minds to take the first part of the trip as early as an possible in order to give ourselves and the dogs a rational tra ning and I 1 on tho the we made our depot in 80 degrees south we went ent right ahead i lu spite of the dense fog tog an error J of f two to three happened once in a while but we were caught ca tillit by the flag marks and found these on our way wily without difficulty I 1 having rested and fed the docs dogs on I 1 all the seal meat they were able to I 1 eat vo yo started again on the with the temper temperature iture steadily between minus 20 and 30 celestus 4 degrees and 2 22 9 agrees bellowe aro fahrenholt fahren helt from the start it was the intention not to drive more than 30 kilometers a day but it appeared that this was too little for our strong willing ani mals at 80 decrees degrees south we began to build snow cairns of a mans height in order to have hare marks on our return trip on the slat we reached the depot at 81 degrees and stopped I 1 there one day and fed the dogs on as much pemmican aa as they wanted nna reached the depot at 82 degrees on the stu sta of november where the dogs for the last time got ill all they wanted to eat on the jtb southward again with a dally march of 50 kilometers in order to light our heavy sledge sledges we established depots at each degree of south latitude like a pleasure trip the trip from 82 to ss 85 degrees became a pleasure trip excellent ground ane sledging and an aven even temper temperature 2 everything went wen t like a dance on the eth we sighted south victoria land and the continuation of the moun Aln range which sir ernest sheton keiton mentioned in his chart as running toward the southeast from the beardmore ardmore Ue glacier d on the tame same day we reached 83 degrees cie grees and established here depot nn no 4 on the alth 1 wo we made an lateral la teres Us covery that the ros ross barrier I 1 artud in a bight toward the tut at 85 86 degrees south latitude and degrees west longitude formed between the southeast mountain range running from south Nic victoria toria land and a range on the opposite side running in a southwesterly direction probably a continuation of king edward VI VII land on the we reached 84 degrees here we establish d a depot on the we were at 85 degrees where also wo we made a depot from our winter inter quarters fram helm belm 79 7 degrees 33 south latitude a had been marching due south on tho the of november al 85 degre degres s we arrived lit at a place h here ue tt a land and barrier were con this was done without any great the ardler arr ler here hero rises rites in to about 00 feel to et some few big novices indicated th the limited I 1 tea boundary here hero we made our bead head depot tak ing provision provisions for sixty day days on sledges and leading leA 1109 thirty day provisions on hu oho CIOL thol 1 nd tild i uder which we lay and arid which we ws baj 1194 to attack looked quite imposing the nearest summits along th mi barrier t d height from 2000 to feet but several others further south were feet or more A p the ille next day we began tho the climb the first part 0 of it waa was an easy task light tops stops and well filled mountain idee aides it did not take a long time for our willing dogs worked their way up further up we met with some small but very steep glaciers here we had bad to haless twenty dogs to each sledge and take the four sledges la in two turns in some place places it wai was eo so steep that it waa was difficult enough to use cur our skis some big crevices forced us u from 1 time to time to make detours the first day we climbed 2 2000 feet the next oay ay mostly up some mall small glac ler term camping at a height 0 of feet the third day we were obliged to to go down on a mighty glacier axel glar which divided the coast mountains moun tIns and the further south the next day began the longest part of our climb many detours had to be made in order to avoid broad cracks and crevices these were ere apparently patently ly mostly filled up as the glac lerr in all probability had long ago stopped moving but we had to be lery ery carel careful never knowing for tain how thick waa was the lawer that covered them our camp that night lay in very picturesque surroundings at a helgath 0 of feet the glacier here wae was narrowed in between the two feet high mountains the fridtjov nausea and the don pedro chresto pherson from the bottom of the glacier roe rose mount ole englestad Engl stad atad a R big snow cone I 1 COO GOO feet high the glacier was very much broken la this comparatively narrow pass the mighty crevices seemed to stop us from going further but it was not so serious as it appeared our dogs which up to this time had covered a distance of about kilometers the last few cays very hard work ran this lay 35 kilometers the ascent be ing 6 feet an almost incredible record it took us only four fout days from the barrier to fat got up on the vast inland plateau we camped that night at a height ot of feet here we tad bad to kill twenty four of our brave companions and keep eighteen six for each of our three sledges ae e stopped here four days on account of bad weather tired of this we ve set out on the of november vember Ne on the octh in a furious blizzard and in lu a dense snow drift absolutely nothing was to be seen but we felt that contrary to expectations we were going fast down hill the give gave us a fall of feet the next day was similar the weather veather cleared a little at dinner time and exposed to our view a mighty mountain ringe to the east and not far off only tor for a moment and then it disappeared la in the dense snow drift on the it calmed down and the sun secue though it waa was not nat the only pleasant surprise he gave in our course stretched big glacier running toward the south at its it eastern end was tae the mountain range going in a southeasterly direction of the western part of it no view was to be had bad it being hidden in the dense fog tog at the foot toot of this glacier the I 1 dalte glacier a depot for six days wi established at degrees south stath latitude the hypio metar indicated feet above sea level on Xo november ember 30 we began to climb tha glacier the lower part of it was cry very much broken and dangerous moreover the snow bridges very often burst from our camp that night we bad a splendid view over the mountain to alo east there was helmer elmer II hanns sons summit the he most remarkable of them all it was feet high and covered with such broken glaciers that in all probabilities no foothold was as to be found oscar Wit WI lings stings sverre hassels Ha and I 1 olar bijan lands lauds mountains also lay here beautifully illuminated in the rays of the bright sun in the distance and only alternately to be viewed la in the fog tog appeared from time to time mount nielsen with its summits and peaks about feet high we only saw the nearest surround und ings it took us three days to aur ur mount the devil devils a glacier always in misty weather on the 1st of december we left this broken glacier with holes and crevices without number with its height of feet before us look ing in the mist and snowdrift like a I 1 frozen rozen sea appeared a light sloping ace ice plateau filled with small hummocks the walk over this frozen sea lea was not pleasant ibe ground under us ras as quite hollow and it sounded an as though we were walking on the bot toms tome of empty barrels As an it was man fell through then a chirle jogs c could not use our skis oa or this polished ice sledges had best of IL it the pace place got the name the I 1 devil a dancing Ian cing room this part of march was the most unpleasant december 6 we got rot our greatest height according to the and ane ace rt id 14 feet at 87 degrees minutes south on december 8 9 we came out of bad weather once again the smiled down on us once again aga in could get an 0 observation baer reckoning and OR von 40 c icily alike 88 38 degress U minutes 16 6 seconds rath south before us lay aa an absolutely plain plateau only hero bore and there marked with A tiny in the afternoon we passed 88 de d grees 23 minute minutes Shacke leons fur thereat south was 83 88 dei degrees grees 25 minute minutes ve ne camped and established our last depot depot no 10 from fo 80 degrees 25 minute minutes the plateau began to slope down very gently and smoothly toward the other tide side on the ath of december we reached 88 degree degrees 33 39 minutes an december 10 88 degrees 56 6 minute december 11 89 degrees 16 minute minutes december 12 83 8 degrees 30 minute minutes decemver Dece Dec moer emoor 13 8 degrees 45 minutes up tip to this time the and dead dearl reckoning reckon ng agreed remarkably well and we made out that we chught to be at the pole on december 14 in the afternoon that day was a one a light breeze from southeast the tern torn pera ture minue minus 23 celites 9 4 degree degrees below zero brenhelt fabren fa belt and the ground and sledging were perfect the day went vent along ai as usual and at 3 p m we made a halt according to our reckoning we h had ad reached our destination all of us gith ered around the cri colors lors a beautiful silk milk flag nag all hand hands taking hokl hold of it and planting it the vast plateau on which the polo pole Is standi standing nr got the name of the king haakon VII plateau it is a vast plata plain alike la in all |