| Show AND GARDEN MATTERS OP OF INTEREST TO agriculturists sou somme capto vp to date hint bout Cul tiva tion of the boll soil end anti yield thereof Kottl Bartl culture alture and llull li culture 01 0 LONG SEEDS will retain their 1 vitality I EO as to germinate and grow into pl ints Is a die dis buted question ha among men ot at sl r ence many person persons yel still believe belleve that what wh at has been a grown from seed found la in Egit laii mummy cases and that grain could letmade to sprout from seed found I 1 n K and anti an elaborate and interesting series ot of i experiments made by professor r italo MIS gigliell Gigl Gigli loll oll of the royal ii school elio ol 01 of agriculture at portice cl ct near naples as communicated to nature throws considerable light on the be mat tera ter berthe the seeds used vere put away la in therall the fall of 1877 and pring of 1878 and were tested in august 1894 the long eat time that any bad had been kept being allow aw days less than seventeen years aalthe shortest fifteen years nine and a few days the average we about sixteen years and a halt half iw lucerne erne seed was chiefly used and the remits really apply only to that plant fer the wheat vetch co rinder and other seeds tried happened to be put into sections ions that proved fatal to luceine toe www the seeds were put into small beed tubes into which dry grass wae was passed and the tubes were then maed and kept in the daik others put ut I 1 into n t alcohol ether chloroform otther other liquids liquids but the alcoholic s alone could be tested aa as the sione r liquids q d a evaporated at t of seeds kept in nitrogen g germinated ermina ted of kept in arsent eted ed hydrogen 1 1 as SA 24 out of lent in carbon mone mane 40 out of 60 lived that had been t in strong alcohol originally abao I 1 seeds kept in chloroform in tit hyen in alcohols alco holl holle solution of phenol ln in carbon dioxide all died with wit ar r gases and solutions the results ame not so d only 2 out of agen lived 33 out of in eblo and hydrochloric acid I 1 out of lucerne seeds and none out of 60 50 it t seeds in hydrogen ago t of in nitric oxide in alco ba solutions 16 seeds out of 79 kept in kils solution of corrosive sublimate ilna tod I 1 out of in that of sul out dioxide 41 out of in that of sul betted hydrogen and 12 out of at of nitro my ny of the germinating plants were into flower pots where they grew flowered and seeded normally n the seeds were put away pro pr r giglioli Gigl loli was not aware of the evil t of even small proportions of iture I 1 t ure be he thinks it if be he had taken 6 care in excluding moisture from eeds and horn hom the gases a much er r number of 0 seeds would have reed d their vitality there 13 1 no rca rea apparent why the seeds planted d not have been kept indefinitely ie e solutions without further change aas as established establish cd that tor for some seeds east ast respiration or exchange with surrounding rounding ur medium Is not feces tor for the preservation ot of germ life re e Is reason for believing that g matter may exist in a complete salve state without any chemical ige ge and may maintain its special turtles for an aa indefinite time an is case ase with mineral and all lifeless ler er in experimenting with seeds k pompeii and herculaneum Hercula be he rot yet found any living grain are too much carbonized to adof much hope especially those pompeii which have been esto the slow action of moisture e seeds found in the granaries of casa dargo at herculaneum in had ben planted at once a fair might have been bad had as they had preserved under favorable condl it Is tco late now as they have so long exposed to light and air II 11 I 1 plowing sod ground where is a heavy old sod of natural es the soli soil beneath it la Is to a great t protected from fre freezing zing when frozen it is equally protected from ing until warm weather comes in ig g in this condition the grass i remain uninjured and when the s turned under in spring they are to grow but if the sod is fall cd with an open soil surface it es and thaws with the slightest ge e in the weather before spring the coll eoll to the depth of the furrow be e thoroughly mellowed and many e grass roots will be destroyed dea troyed it is a a great neal of difference to the ration whether the eod sod Is turned r in fall or spring there may be lose from blowing or washing the ice a of fall plowed sod but this Is i than balanced by the ease of at cullon culon on and the greater availability a 0 fertility the soil possesses ex a gillenwater of coons eye va ly y 60 but he doubtless seems pretty to bis his 13 year old bride u an fin orchard the ground for an orchard should be well and deeply cultivated and free from weeds well dral drained ned it if the soil requires it and most soils are better for draining except sandy or light gravelly eolla soils with mth a light su subsoil boll such land may not require draining but in every case it should be well worked and pulverized and enriched before planting the work of preparation must be dono done during the summer so as to be ready for fall or spring planting planting in the spring Is preferred which will enable the trees to tike take firm hold of the earth and to resist the frost of next winter but planting may be done successfully in the autumn by protecting the trees so as to prevent the frost from heaving or misplacing them select young healthy and vig vigorous irous trees and from a reliable nurseryman and it if possible from a soil similar to that in which you intend to plant your orchard tho the different kinds kind of apples will depend apon your own choice and the suitability of soil and climate I 1 should advise that the selection be made from the old tried and reliable kinds the distance apart should not be less than thirty feet so as to allow the trees room to spread their branches and to form a low and spreading head close planting has a tendency to force the trees to run up and preventing the fruit from obtaining its proper coloring from the sun and making it more difficult to gather the fruit at the distance of thirty feet apart it will require twentynine twenty nine trees to the acre before planting the tree remove all bruised and broken roots by cutting clean with a sharp knife lay out your ground in straight lines so that your trees will be in line each way and at equal distances thirty feet apart wm win gray thayer clerry bulletin for december 1895 any intelligent farmer can grow ripe luscious strawberries ready for picking it at two cents per quart with good cultivation at least left 1 bushels per acre should be grown two I 1 wo hundred bushels per acre Is not riot an unusual yield and la Is otten often produced fruit that can be grown so chen cheaply ply and will yield so much be considered co 11 a necessity in every family no one can so well afford to have stra strawberries w every day in the season ac t the ha farmer no one can have them so fresh front fronk the vines so ripe so delicious and at so little cost as the farmer and yet as a class none have so few the cost of placing berries on the market depends Ae somewhat on locations and the manner in which it Is done for lor good berries carefully picked in clean new boxes well packed and honestly measured it may be estimated by the quart as follows cents per qt cost of growing ready for poking 2 picking 1 16 boxes I 1 case packing and delivery 1 freight or ex express Dres charges 14 1 commission for selling I 1 actual cost on market S 1 tho the commercial grower must receive his profit after all these expenses are paid the tho farmer may have his bedrits s it st first cost he ile saves expense of picking and provides a pleasure for bis his wife and children he lie eaves saves boxes cases pac packing kini freight express and commission every farmer in the country cid every owner of a house in the village should grow big berries and lots of them for family faintly use he ile may thus hive have them fresh from the vines in summer and cann d dried or preserved for winter there is no better food than ope fruit there is none more healthful and at two or three cents per quart there Is none cheaper A berry barden tor for next iseton sed oa should be decided upon at once the best preparation for it Is the reading of good books and papers subscribe for them now and thus provide the greatest pleasure for long A U tl ter evenings al A thayer sparta wis georgia peach orchard the foundation of the orchard cf he the hale georgia orchard co fort valley ga was an old coton cotton plantation pian tation of acrea acres purchased in the summer of 1890 and acres were planted with a little over pich trees in the winter of 1891 92 it Is all laid out in blocks 1000 feet long and fiet wide with avenues running north and south named after the peach growing stater of ahn union and streets running east and west named after leading horticulturists of the country A resident superintendent thirty or fotty fatty negro assistants and sixteen mules have kept up most through thoi ough culture for the past three years there was a full bloom on the orchard in the spring of 1894 18 but a heavy frost the laet last of march destroyed all the fruit prospects this year the fourth summer after planting all the trees set a full amount af fruit and during april and may forty fort to fifty hands were employed in n thinning out the surp lufi ex x shakespeare mentions perfumes as a in common use in bis his time value at of froner fro Fron ted tr M licit land commissioner hamilton of the canadian pacific railway has in mide ide a suggestion regarding frosted wheat heat which la Is worthy of being acted upon he lie suggests that a teat test should be made by the government as to the milling value of 0 the different grades of at frosted wheat he lie thinks that a practical milling and baking test of enery grate of wheat from no I 1 hard down should be made roade and in this way the actual milling value of at frosted wheat would be arrived at there has been more or lea lets agitation about the value of at frosted wheat borne bome claim that the farmers do not rece e full value for this class of wheat it has been freely asserted th it the grain men take advantage of at the appearance of 0 frost to beat down the price borne some men 01 en ro 0 so far as to claim clatin that frosted wheat Is very little damaged for milling purposes the general feeling among the farmers Is that they do not get full proportionate value tor for this cle of wheat on the other band the millers who are the only people who can with authority on this question claim that even slightly frosted wheat Is 18 seriously reduced in quality for milling purposes and some of them show their earnestness in this belief by refusing to buy wheat that Is at all badly damaged the evidence of the miller mut prevail in this matter unless very strong evidence IP to given to the contrary an os est eat properly and impartially carried through would practically settle the question between the miller and the farmer is as to the value of this class of wheat and it seems desirable that it should be made so far as the export exhort trade Is concerned practical experience has shown that more than value has been paid tor for frosted wheat in years past while the farmers or at least those who shout for the farmer have haye been declaring that the firmer was being cheated in the fale rate of his damaged v wheat heat the export rv ts a have on the other hand invariably ost money in handling this class of grata A vast sum of money has been sunk anal ih au the exportation por tation of frosted wheat from manitoba in past years and altogether ho he handling of this class of grain gran has been disastrous to the grain trade winnipeg commercial the chemistry Chem letry of agas chemistry shows us that a fair sized hens egg weighs about 1000 grains grains constitute the white the yolk and the hell shell the white of the hena hens egg contains 84 8 per cent of water 12 of albumen 2 of fat sugar and membranes em branes and per cent of mineral matter the yolk shows a much greater degree of richness than the tho white it contains 61 5 per cent water 15 of casein and albumen 30 of at oil and fat 2 21 1 coloring matter and extract and A per cent of at mineral matter therefore to produce an egg wo we bust must first have the hen then teed her what she needs to form eggs the hen Is literally an egg machine her chief purpose being the production of eggs like any other kind of machines she must have the raw material with which to manufacture her products her instinct teaches her how to select all that Is necessary Is to place within her reach that which she requires and everything will be well and eggs abundant and complete to produce an egg the hen must have a certain kind of food for tho the yolk or tut fat portion known as a carbonaceous and for the white hite ehe she needs rich food in nitrogen from which she makes albumen for the shell she needs lime time while many other substances enter into the composition which it is unnecessary to detail the omission of any of at them being detrimental to good work on her part thus while we may teed feed a ben hen liberally apparently by omitting to allow that which Is needed to complete the laying process she may remain idle tor for want of a single substance though fully supplied with everything else necessary if it the productive organs are unhealthy the whole system and products ax axe likewise affected ex english agriculture at the fcc int meeting of the british asso claton in a discussion which took place ca or url tural subjects the statement was mado made by some of the speakers that the amari cin method of official publications by the agricultural department lu luding the results obtained at various experimental stations was far ahead in use of that in any other country and that so far as england was concerned its methods method tor for intelligently directing the farming class as to what they might do and what they should not do were simply contemptible when compared with the opportunities afforded the same class of people in the united states swine improvement in lexas ahe hog breeders bre edera of texas are entitled to a great deal of the credit for the improved character of our texas swine they have educated the farmers to appreciate preci ate good hogs bogs I 1 have seen quito quite a stir made in the neighborhood by the advent of a pair of hue fine pigs it Is a diR disgusting gusting eight night to see a texas farmer go to the grocery store and give up bis his good cotton money for a slug 0 of tolerably hard looking bacon and I 1 am sorry to say that it is a eight night altogether too bommon but even in western texas the numbers who do not raise their own bacon are growing gradually less claridge Clarl Carl dge stock farmer |
