Show DAIRY AND POULTRY interesting CHAPT CHAPTERS ERS FOR OUR RURAL READERS how ilver ato till department of the A few hint uinta an a to the th cure care ot of U haeck mix k and I 1 bouldy OR THE DUTTER BUTTER maker the great 11 requisite of the present time is 1 good quality in lit hia 3 product E every v e r y farmer can make good butter and make it continually 1 arm provided aided be he will follow certain rule cl tn milk pure air pure water and proper feeds are the chief requisites combined with a few simple observations as to ripening the cream and churning in other words good butter la Is the end of a chain only a dozen links long the breaking of any one link jeopardizes the lifting power of tho the whole the thing lifted la Is the price of butter in the market with a whole chain that price will be found to be nearly uniform the year round ole of the links in this chain in summer time Is bleau pas bitter weeds eeds frequently have a deleterious effect on the milk I 1 know there are some that assert that no food can carry bavor davor of any kind into the milk tho the great majority of us Ls believe otherwise great turnip feeders say the turnips will affect the milk unless they be fed lust just after milking in the morning and just after milking at night great as la Is their prejudice in favor of turnips as a feed for cowa cows yet they acknowledge that it fed a few hours before milking time they will taint the milk it these things be so what then shall we say of the bad tasting weeds that the cowa cows eat all through the day they can but have a harmful effect on the butter product which consequently Is of poor door flavor tested in the market markot weedy pastures may explain why much of our butter Is in quality below the product of european countries in many of which soiling Is practiced when the food Is carried to the cows depend upon it bitter weeds are not fed after all it Is not a bard hard matter to remedy the evil of dirty pastures the man that owns a few sleep steep has a part of his task accomplished he ile that has not sheep will find the scythe useful but on the whole it Is better to renew the old pastures by grubbing out the roots turning up the old and worn out sod and sowing new sweet grasses the work pays not only on account of the increased amount of feed pro produced dured but on account of the better quality more ilomin and light pi plot of james cheesman before the new vw jersey board of agriculture after reviewing riv lewing the radical change in barna barns and houses since the days of our fathers fathera eald said it may be said without tear fear of controversy tro tr versy overy that feet per cow Is more than a i average allotment this la Is just about one fourth of the cubic space OL 01 a sleeping bleeping chamar feet for an animal Neigh weighing ing tour four or ive five times as much as a large man it if we me assume at the outset that thia this pace allowance with lacu inch of 0 ventilation and sunlight Is at tho the bottoni of tho the condition we ve shall not be far wrong it would and irwill it will bo next to impossible to eradicate tuberculosis bercu losis as long aa as 0 or r present type ot of barn exists the calale commission may kill off every animal in the state before another year but it be long before our old style of barn would raise a brand new now crop of consumptive animals 11 in relation to exercise he eald said some ruen observing a diminished m milk ilk yield after exposing cows to prolonged exercise exorcise in a cold yard have co concluded included that they aro are belter better without a ly y movement beyond what they get in their stalls persistence in continuous A confinement for five fire or six mont months Is in a year in in ta ordinary massachusetts barn 3 ei ai ough to develop disease an insufficient air supply aid a full teed feed twice or three times a day with food rich in nitrogen and fata fats will sooner or later enlarge the ller overtax the kidneys kid neve lower the vigor ot of digestion and promote disorders of the bowels local congestion wil set up dia olla ease which it if continued must lead to dl disaster aster and ruin nature will not bo be ch cheated she has a way of aa as li erting herself whenever the ples of physiology are violated lie ile then turned to the question of sunlight and made a pica plea for an abundance of it for the bathing of cows in the eln slin beams that put color into plants the lioom on the maidens mal dens cheek and the brown on the farmers faraie re face white butter ha he eald said Is made in dark illy ventilated stables the beat taste indicates fine materials very plainly made and with nery ery little trimming of any eort sort aluen if Is the pre preferred erred fabric if it one selects regardless of cost cos and fine cam brics are chosen for those who desire leu 1 expensive goods 1 poultry ernan cri we now come to the lice that live the roosts or any convenient where they may find a lodgment prey upon their victims during night and some kinds even everi in the day time but do not like those already mentioned live exclusively on the fowl prominent among these la Is the red mites 11 the flea and the bedbugs bed bugs the first Is perhaps the most troublesome of all the lice which the has to contend with and certainly the most numerous it is 1 to be regretted that we have no description which corresponds in every particular to thia this little friend of oura ours he ile la Is undoubtedly a men apon but the species which la Is so common in this part ot of the state Is not given in any work which I 1 have been able to reach I 1 have corresponded with professors of entomology at the state university and also of the stanford but find nothing definite on the subject I 1 have also submitted specimens tor for examinations to the department at washington from which I 1 have not full returns but in a name it Is sufficient for our present purpose to know that it Is a small spider like parasite red in color only when filled with blood and white or rather transparent when it Is not there are several species infesting canaries and wild birds but the one which makes itself so useful about our hen roosts shall claim our attention tor for the present they deposit their eggs in and about tho roosts and crevi ces in the walls near by or in the nests of sitting hens where they will hatch by the thousands in a very short time the moat most common means used for their extermination Is whitewash white wash to which may be added carbolic add acid O 0 or coal oil with good results A spray pump will drive it into corners and crevices better than a brush kumiga lau perhaps 11 1 girod in a tight house but blit california houses are seldom tight and ard it Is therefore useless all the means used aiming to kill the insect and agn no farther fall fail in a great to reach the desired end such remedies will keep them la in check but will not exterminate it is next t to impossible to kill and destroy the nests of all on the premises and therefore it Is a fight that never ends in complete victory there Is a remedy which will do this but why it is that poultry men will not adopt it when they must admit that I 1 am utterly unable to solve I 1 first learned it from a friend in alameda county some years ago and was not slow to put it in awa u since which I 1 have not been troubled with the men mena apon poa the plan is simply to starve them to death by suspending the roosts edth wire the lice will not travel over fbi vie wires nor will they get on the hens in the day time I 1 have no recollection of seeing this plan mentioned in any poultry paper except one I 1 have often tried to induce others to try it but they generally have a better plan or the bens hens roost in trees where lice never find them never realizing that every scale of bark on too tae tree is all alle ie with lice I 1 havo lever known of anyone who depended upon any other method but what keeps enough about to start a new colony whenever they cease using their infallible remedies aldry A very good way is to suspend a piece ec across each end of the roosting room from the root roof with common baling wire about a foot from the walls all around ihen then la Is roost poles on them about IS 18 inches apart so as to give the bens hens ample room notch the ends of the outside ones over the ends of the suspended pieces having them all rest smooth and brace the whole with wire from the sides ot of the house to prevent swinging da do not have them higher than a table and for asiatic breeds Wyan dottes and plymouth h rocks 6 inches lower compel every fowl to roost there and you will have no use tor for any other remedy tor for roost lice it you think the smell of sulphur ur or carbolic acid 1 13 healthy put a little on your handkerchief hui but dont anoy noy your fowls with it have a smootie floor and keep it clean then you can invite your friend in lu to meri eo your rows of glossy pets after attar they have retired for the th night with no danger ot of soiling hie his etore store clothes with whitewash white wash or coal tar while the aroma of the omnipresent car carbolic bolle acid la Is conspicuous by its abonce W S houten houton in fanciers monthly warmth in stables in 10 which cattle nearly immediately fel f el the changes of temperature outside are not pron printable table tor for fattening if cattle in their stalls feel tho the effect effects to of every chilling wind that blows blos r large portion of the food consumed which a should ho uld be stored up as fat surely goes to restore to their bodies the heat extracted by the cold surrounding air L apart part from the evidence of scientific eclen men we meet with a proof of this in road ing of the craving the Inh inhabitants abitanta of the far north have for or boffl tat blubber etc during their severe sovere winter and which la Is required to keep up the heat beat of the body it requires but little calculation cu to see that it la Is much cheaper to warm stables than to maintain L baat j at with expensive food on the other hand han d it la Is possible to have them too warm and badly ventilated ex fielding la to eald said to have written tom jones in three months rier Growl Cro winer nL pig growers have found how well the swine industry goes along with dair dairying the skim slim milk la Is found very profitable for pig feeding when shorts ground what wheat ive barley or meal is 13 mixed with it for the rapid growth ef of pigs shorts are perhaps best mixed with skim milk and cornmeal corn meil may be added when they grow groi toward maturity such breeding Is the nery cry best for rapid development and growth ot of the pig both for early maturity and healthfulness besides the very best quality of pork la Is made by such feeding the experiment stations have very thoroughly demonstrated this the rule 14 a pound round to oue ana arm im milk to a r und of shorts or other grain pitr this kind of mixed farming any farn may be made more profitable than by purely grain farming alone abo th fertilizers from the dairy and the pens are rich returns to the farm and fur years past the product of both the dairy and the pig pen have been the most profitable the two branches easily go hand in hand band together indiana farmer barn darn cisterns one of the advantages of 0 the b isemena barn Is that it makes easy the construction of a cistern to take tho the water aiom its root and place it convenient for stock stabled in it it Is never best to trust tn wells for watering stock A well near a stable or barnyard barn barri yord yard soon becomes foul by filtration of water through soil sell saturated with manure A barn lar lart enough to hold hay and other proven dec dv for a large stock will furnish water from the rain that falls on its roof for all the stock that can be fed from it there should always be a filter in the faucet to the cistern some precautions ons must also be taken to prevent the cistern from becoming dirty whenever threshing la Is done the barn roof and the eave troughs are apt to be filled with dust the eave troughs should be cleaned at buch such times and the water from the first rain after threshing allowed to run to the ground before being diverted to the cistern with such precautions the birn cistern will III keep pure water tor for a long time without need of baini cleaned if the basement Is a deep one the water in the cistern will never freeze over in winter but will help to keep frost n it of the basement it Is a great conven convenience lence in very cold weather to water cows la in the basement without exposing them to the cold air outside am Cult cultis lator ator fitting chickens tor for market in fitting chickens for market the aim should be to save as much time as possible ordinarily the process should not take more than two weeks and usually several days less they will take on flesh more readily when shut up in a house or small yard than when given a range but they should not be overfed at first it la to a common mistake to suppose that chickens are always ready to eat as an a little experience will prove when running at large they will rarely get more than their crops will hold but when confined for fattening the inexperienced feeder la to apt to give them more than they can eat at once thinking that what Is left will do tor for another time when overfed in this way they will lose appetite and two or three daya days may be wasted in getting them to eat readily again by a little attention to this matter they can soon be brought tc to cat eilt to their full capacity when they will increase in weight rapidly after a time they will again cease eating when they may be disposed of as there la is likely to be more losa lose than gain in them michigan farmer well packed butter there are a great many butter makers who never cause dealers any trouble their butter Is fine and it la Is beautifully packed its t Is always ti guarantee of ita its excellence and a dealer takes pride in showing it to his customers it if ono one maker of fancy butter can have his butter always perfectly packed another maker of fancy butter can do tha tid sarre saire thing eo so there seems to be boex no excuse for the accidents 11 some of th se makers of fancy goods have so established themselves that consumers kno know w the shipping days they know when the butter will reach the chicago market and have it ordered in advance ad or it they happen to be busy order by telephone it Is not necessary casary tor for them to tes test the butter they know it la Is good and are never disappointed chicago produce trade in meat sleat the worst feature of 0 the meat trade Is 1 the tact fact that hors hora hor a flesh Is sold na as a substitute tor for beet beef it Is on much the sa same me pla plane it e as the trade in oleo and other butter substitutes we have no doubt that abe very verv men who defended oleo are now badly hurt by the trade in hor u flesh and are denouncing noun cing it exactly as the buttermark era denoun denounced cM the trade in olbo Es ex mrs airs rorer says we cat tat ten times more than we need that people should eat nothing but fruit at noon and that her noon lunch comprises six appler and five or anees ances the better wo we teed feed the tree the better will be the returns is 1 the terse an eastern orchard lat puts it there Is 1 a whole essay in that sentence Bea tence |