Show FARM AND GARDEN MATTERS OP OF INTEREST TO agriculturists some cp tn to nate date hints about C u etiva tina tion of tit tir tho soil bull nod and fields th thereof groot horticulture anil and culture THE LAST three or four months I 1 have made beveral trips tit amounting to six r thousand miles extending r to through the states of indiana illinois missouri I 1 kansas colorado nebraska iowa anil and into and through ohio kentucky tennessee acab ima and georgia in these se leeral eral trips bavo have been a close observer from the car window and though had been over most I 1 the routes trae traveled led it was nias no fesq 1 interesting to me this time for the diversity of soil and cli matli influences are per ill noticeable as 13 we me pass through the different sections of country no where do the methods ot at far farming M present a better appearance of thrift an and homelike home like surroundings alan II 11 an la in sections where diversified firming iq 1 ally eng engaged aged in from year to doear bear by wh which h the farmer grows gros as runy or tic iny all the staple craps tf rt bluffed to treet the of his own wants and by the products thus grown an to a hl lesht hr rate of values re reu id for use such as bed beef pork mutton poultry egea 3 butter etc the all corn wheat cotton or what not class of farmers are usually more dependent upon oters 1 and the uncertainties ut of ra in arcet influences that cause an unhappy onal llon in their accounts the crops in loc tred to be exceptionally good but in many short to a very cry poor crop and ind It believe lieve tha on con clop has been very much ed by the reports cra C 1 selling too low to bo be of any practical value to the producer in districts here 10 cents per bushel Is as much act it now commands of a middle states farmer it has been said plenty ot of corn kiclty of eairy thing which I 1 would uko ti 0 mean h has plenty of at cheap food to allow liberal feeding tor for ohp tb at lot 9 kinds linds of stock converting it into many articles necessary tor for gating ge ting on well in soma sections of theowest corn does not mean so much tor for the situation or the producer has not the advantages of obtaining those results aal la Is compelled to amit to the inevitable by taking what ever ho he can get after freight and commission are paid in farmers review manure the dead plant Is prepared for feeding the growing plant through the action of micro demes or bacteria or to use a namo name that will become general among farmers ferments low orders of plant life similar to what raises bread ar or ripens cream there la Is much to learn regarding tto the processes but it haa has been fairly well settled that each successive she step la Is taken by a different living organism the practical value of this comes from the necessary conditions to hao hane the dead plant manure changed to soluble plant food and this au 6 under the control of the farmer according to Warr ingon ammonia la is made maae first nitrites next then nitrates the plant may feed on all of them as all are tol mol uble but the organisms may change ammonia and nit nitrites to nitrates before the plant feeds upon them aa as condition conditions favorable to plant growth favor nitrification that Is heat beat and moisture suitable together with tho the ingredients necessary to form the nitrates which manure supplies light la Is not favorable to nitrification bo so we me conclude that manure spread on the surface in dry weather must wait until rains wash ash it into the soil if it Is put on lightly in the spring grass may cover and shade it me that the organisms can work it manure ts Is plowed under in our soil from four to six inches the moisture mole and heat beat will be suitable for forming nitrates or solvable able plant food it if manure la Is packed picked solidly in a pit it will not nitrify if it kept wet and cold and if put in a great heap in winter while the r Is cold it will not produce nitrates until turned over in the spring because the oxygen in the air Is a necessity in the process A heip of linure left in the barnyard all summer will waste on the outside it gets too much air while at come some distance from the outside it will w III have proper condill us for nitrification and when rains con a d they will dissolve the nitrates and wash ash the solution away so manure he aps carried over should bo be covered to avoid this and kept moist and cool to prevent fire fagging or loea loss of ammonia in gaseous shape A loose heap at 0 manure will thus waste awny any and in the fall a load of it ta Is of no more value it if as much than a load of green manure 11 e must then spree the green manure at once on the surface or plow it under or put it in condition to make nitrates and then ap the rains ott off it la is not practical to put manure in la cold storage cor nor to build houses tor for it IL the best we can a do I 1 la to out dut ibm fresh manure on the land there la Is no loss from sun drying and when nhen rains come they will wash it into the soil where tho the ferments tan reduce it to plant food prof james wilson value of ot F finn trin products the annual report of the secretary of agriculture which has just been issued states that the farm products tor for tha the year ending june 30 last arc are estimated to be worth the products of these carmi a were era not only sufficient Buni clent to feed all the town and city populations and a large number of people in the rural districts whose attention and energies were devoted to other occupations than agricultural pursuits pur snits but there was enough of at a surplus t tr export to the value of 3 it 7 per cent going to european coun countries tiles the ag agricultural exports of tho the country constituted 69 63 68 per cent of tho the whole the secretary of agriculture estimate 1 that there are of at the total population who do not live on farms so that one third of the population only was engaged in producing the vast amount indicated by the figures given the ear covered by the report comparatively pa ively speaking was not a good one for the farmers in many sections of tho the west nest there was a total of crops in consequence of long coa con inked droutha drout hs so that a much better showing 9 would have been made had the year been boon an average one I 1 forestry I 1 11 k andla Goern government ment forestry seems to be a success in india the inspector gen eral of forests tor for india Is now in this country and he gives an interesting account of the management in that country lie ile says it has taken eighteen epars of legislation to get the kind of at laws needed but they havo have succeeded now the permanency of the big forests la Is assured and the government govern nent will get a handsome income from them the government Is gradually obtaining possession of all the forest landa lands and now has square miles of ft coded country under supervision the government at intervals gives notice that it intends to take tale a certain piece of at forest lind so many miles in size and ard claimants have six months in which to appear and prove their claims an individual or town ably has a descriptive scrip the right to take building timber from the forest la in question that thit th it right Is proved and sailed permanently and und thereafter only such tices cices as are marked by the inspector can be cut in burmah alone there are over 1000 different kinds of foet fo trees and the study there Is to propagate the valuable abe species and weid out those that aro are not lite life tillage and fertility the tact fact that the rocky particles of the soil aie are ai e the source of phosphoric add acid and nitrogen and that they are derived by bissol dissolving ing of at tho the rock makes tillage a source of fertility fer tilty since it tends to the more rapid disintegration of these rocky particles it if these particles were mere as easily dissolved as the grains of sugar or salt our soil sell resource would sooner be destroyed by etness ot of moisture or by too frequent cultivation one ot of the treat sources of depletion of soil is 1 the too frequent cropping which means double or triple depletion first the crop bo be it hay bay grain wool meat or milk taken from the farm removes fertility second the tillage unlocks the phosphoric add acid and potash from the rock and makes a larger portion available tor for the plants third the land left bare much of the year declines in the per cent of nitrates thia this last la is a more important source of joathan loss than is commonly understood fill up the holes has any reader ever tried dr Br adene plan for improving muddy roads by covering the low places with straw coarse hay weeds or other such trash we thought the idea worth trying in places where marsh grass abounds on the borders of sloughs A large amount of such fill ing could be applied very easily and cheaply there and it if it la Is found to do the work satisfactorily ae as we think it will it would be another case in which nature provides an easy remedy for the ahu ashe Ler LulLs lu to befall us the plant whose root cures snake bite la is said to gro grow w always in places where venomous s serpents abound where bad bod roads are apt to bo be in their worst condition in the low ground the reeds and the tough coarse grasses most abound let us give this cheap road material a trial before we laugh at it as foolish to think seriously about fermor apples in missouri missouri Is claiming cial mIng to oe a formidable rival to the best known apple growing states apples are a surer growth in missouri than in either new turk york or michigan b because cause of 0 the milder climate it Is asserted in tho the ozark country the crop has failed only ace times la in the past twenty sears this car ear missouri alone rill furnish from to worth orchards of hundreds of acres aro are no great novelty in the prolific ozark country ex secretary of agriculture norman J colman has pear trees and 2000 apple trees the latter bending under the heaviest yield they have ever borne ex the heart of a man who wont patronize aa home paper when be he can mu must st be made of tone stone the lair mers 1 the time has come ahel 0 t I 1 profession as applied to the ij business means cometh ng dg 3 saying that any fool can call be beai 1 Is but there Is a greit greita creasing force of truth la in the maxim that a fool cannot be farmer any fool can be a and a large percentage tag e of the that cumber tho the earth have hae lin gaiu ly IY reached out in ili that di dl ectlis the close hard work of the pro requires a well trained bali b ali bound body the lavar dead energy or sense goes to to the in Is laid to a financial rest tn in tin tt last ditch with the inc 0 In Petea er and the same blanket blan lct of or debt their unfortunate remains are DO no more properly property as asylums bums I 1 man failures than law offices t ing rooms or the thronged i commerce com merte and trade I 1 larmin arming come an occupation for as muscle inventive geno turned the business bottom upa up inside out during tho the last fifty efty the true philosophic spirit wb ahr saw day in lord bacon Is tur flood of light upon e every ery Y prine detail of the farmers I 1 vocation the p odesses of plant life to tl a inn in of potato bugs that spirit of research of pain stal i sti gation Is constantly at woi wo via i anu ana blowing up ri h him bugs hying iving firmly and ar 4 deri 1 right reason and sound round sense t lations d of agricultural ri running nning leads in every eiery direct the golden grains of truth th tha ettrich and beautify the farmer fission for farming Is 1 a pro it was not in the middle ages tillers of the soil were looke looked as human vermin and christeld chrls chri tend stend ignorance and knightly cry ery it Is not today to day in mexico I 1 forked stick serves cerve ii iq a plow and it Is almost a sin against tie th host to hive bire b ire a new now idea dut country where intelligent ia honored and where labora laboratory tori colleges and experiment estatio newspapers nea shapers ind the active e brain farmers themselves are coa cou moving the basins to a elgh broader plan it Is a probes prot esloa lon importance and such possibility no man should take its nam it requires health energy kno sense and grit to be a good t I 1 do not believe that a natural ta t tho the business Is absolutely tho the successful farmer A man i a good minister or book ag agett nt or omans womans rights man he like it there may bi tie Us waste of 0 talent perhaps clash of sentiment but grit gap and the man succeed may be born to their inherit imagery and song but the farm Is born into the requirements require mentA business Is as scarce as angels the business men of chicago J ness like farming which gives taste fancy invention origins origin thinking and working can sat sal called a profession the man pounds stone upon the highe no profession there Is nothing business to call into play his i powers and but few of his ph p tho the workers in the mills and to of the country move in the i and narrowest ruts 0 at mechanic me chaill numberless farmers i d around in the backwaters of b practices and ideas have no prof but the active progressive thi th man who finds in the accra knowledge kno sledge of agriculture food t memory and in the chang changing long s and fluctuating markets the u downs of tho the commercial baro sublets tor for bis his reason and la in ti explored mysteries of tho the soil ic for enthusiastic research has i bession for which no abilities s great and DO mental culture too thorough the farmer a pr pros baa has the same inherent nobility til th other respectable occupation ba b no more honet honest labor in any d whether in making shoes bellil co editing newspapers pr preachy ach gospel courting a girl or running a great railroad ch c tion ha hat the wimp stamp of aliv HM H C adams cultivated or uncultivated tr the nebraska agricultural tion has issued a bulletin which the following practical abi elusions are drawn trees in luo ed ground have darke and inal orous foliage than those in sod 9 with less yellowing dropping od of or n hot windy days averaged fourteen per cent I 1 f weight on cultivated than on V P land and 17 per cent greater ft mowed isaid As to moisture fo barrel barrels ot at water in twenty i depth of soil or sod land there it in cultivated land anyone might suppose was fools portio onate aate to the velocity ve jetty of wl A perpetual study perpetual study when we get to wo we often think we cannot take te tt it study but we must study hard expect to make our mark I 1 bet be al 31 way for young persons who 0 attend cI cilene lege to get an edo we would uld be to take from one fog one halt half of their time for stif the rest for muscular lacar labar C pendent mirror and farmer |