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Show - - their elalms never undertook to decide In Dlstlnctlona the question. achievement among the attacking onlta on the southern face could not be made with any assuranc as all had done more than expected. sistent hi kpholdln and (general Persliinqs Storq of the A. E. F. 1 CHAPTER LVIII In accordance with the CC9yrikt. ItJL U til Nodi Awiiiat hliwpif tUhm mm kw mi kihtti A hmf tkm b hr tit WmU Hfrri P"U CHAPTER LV 1 nued. Mr. linker returned truio his ob- servation point near the battlefield much eluted over the success of the troops. He had been n witness to the first effort of sn American army and It was a proud day for him to feel that as secretary of war bis directing hand bad led to such results. He took much pleasure in going about to all parts of ths army and scorned being treated as a guest Overcome Entanglements. Thanks to the thorough preparation beforehand, the wire entanglements were more easily overcome than we had expected. Trained teams of pioneers and engineers, with bangalore torpedoes, wire cutters and axes, assisted In opening gaps In the masses of barbed wire covering the German positions. The leading troops themselves carried along rolls of chicken wire, which a as thrown across here and there, entanglements forming a kind of bridge for the Infantry. In all their offensives the allies had spent days destroying entanglements with artillery fire or had need a large number of heavy tanks, but we had only a few light tanka Ineffective for such work. The fact that we had smothered the enemy artillery was an advantage, as It enabled the leading waves deliberately to do their work without serious loss. The quick passage through these entanglements by our troops excited no little surprise among the French, who sent a large number of officers and noncommissioned of-- 3 Beers to St lllhlel several days later to see how It had been dona One of these officers, after his reconnaissance, remarked In all that ths Americans had tbs advantage over Frenchmen because of their long legs and large feet. Troops Overrun Objective In making our dispositions for battle our older division the. First, Second and Forty-seconhad received positions on ths southern face opposite the open space to enable them to flank the wooded areas quickly, thus aiding the advance of less experienced units as--. signed to these area The whole line, pivoting as on planned on the Eighty-seconthe right, advanced resolutely to the attack. Ths entire operation was carried through with daah and precision. By afternoon the troops had pushed beyond their scheduled objectives and by evening had reached the second day's objective on most pf the southern front The divisions of the Fourth corps (Dlckman) and those on the left sf the First corps (Liggett) overwhelmed the hostile garrison and luickly overran their pbsltlon carrying the lighting Into ihe open. The German resistance on this part of the front was disorganised by the rapidity of our advance and wanoon overcome. Although tbs enemy was expecting an attack, he did not think It would take place so soon and It therefore came as a surprise. j When the First division, on the marching flank of the southern attack. had broken through the hostile forward position the squadron of cavalry attached to the was passed through - Fourth corps tbs breach. At 1 :45 p. m. It pushed forward to reconnotter the roads toward Vlgneulle but encountering machine gun In position was forced to retire. Western Attack Slower. On the western face of the salient progress was not so satisfacdivision, tory. The Twenty-sixt- h make a deep ad- lnJta attempt - vance toward Vlgneulle met considerable resistance, and except for a battalion of the division reserve had not reached the day's objective. The French at the tip of the salient had attempted to follow up the flanks of our successful penetration but made only small advance Upon the request of Gen. E. J. Blondlat, commanding ths French second colonial corps, a regiment of the Thirtieth division (Cronkhlte), In reserve was sent to his asslstanc serl-icusfie-ss d d 1 ) . w nn Jk Gfflffffll J. PenHlng On the afternoon of the twelfth, learning that the roads leading out of the salient between the two attacks were Oiled with retreating enemy troop with their trains and artillery, I gave orders to the commanders of the Fourth and Fifth corps to push forward without delay. Using the telephone myself, 1 directed the commander of the Fifth corps to send at least one regiment division toward of the Twenty-sixt- h Vigneulles with all possible speed. That evening strong force from the Fifty-firs- t brigade pushed boldly forward and reached Vigneulles at 2:15 m. the thirteenth. It Immediately made dispositions that effectively closed the roads leading out of the salient west of that point In the Fourth corps the Second brigade of the First division advanced In force about dawn of the thirteenth. Its leading elements reaching Vigneulles by 8 a. m. The salient was closed and our troops ifere masters of the field. Could Pass Hindenburg Lin The troops continued to advance on the thirteenth, when the line was established approximately along the final objectives set for this offensive. In view of the favorable situation created just west of the Moselle river by our successes farther to the left, n limited attack was made on that part of the front by elements of the Eighty-seconand Nlnrietb division with good result During the night our troops all along the line were engaged In organising their new positions for defens preparatory to the withdrawal of divisions and corps troops a for participation In the battl September 14, 15 and 10 local operations continued, consisting of strong reconnaissances and occupation of better ground for defensive purpose Beginning the thirteenth, several counterattacks were repulsed. The line as finally established was: Haudlo-mon- t, Ueuse-Ar-gonn- Fresnes-en-Woe- , Don-cour- t, . - ' Jaulny, Vandlere Reports received the thirteenth and fourteenth Indicated that the enemy was retreating In considerable disorder. Without doubt an Immediate continuation of the advance would have carried as well beyond the Hindenburg line and possibly Into Met and the temptation to press on was very great But we would probably have become deeply Involved and delayed e the greater operation, to which we were wholly committed. Nearly 18,000 prisoners were taken and some 450 enemy guns Our had fallen Into our hand casualties numbered about 7,000. As the enemy retreated he set fire to many large supply dumps and several village The few remaining French Inhabitants who found themselves within our lines were overjoyed to be released from the domination of the enemy, but many were left destitute by the burning of their homes at the very moment of deliverance. On the thirteenth General Petals came by my headquarters and we went together to SL Mlhlel, where the people. Including children carrying French flag gave ns a welcome watch may well be Imagined when one realises that they had been held as prisoner entirely out of touch with their own countrymen, for four year though always within sight of the French line All Jubilant Over Victory. On my visit to several corps and division headquarters the following dgy I found all Jubilant over the victory and overflowing with Incidents of the fighting, reciting many cases of Individual heroism among the troop The Second division (Lejeunne) and the Elgbty-nlnt- h (Wright) both claimed the honor of capturing Thlaucourt In assigning objective while that village was Included In the sector of the Second division, the town wss to be taken by the should It arrive first Eighty-nint- h The result was a keen rivalry between these divisions as to which should have the honor. Ths two units were equally In Meuse-Argonn- -- nilZS. MAGNA under- standing of September 2. we were now moving rapidly toward our second great offenslv Questions concerning the concentration and supply of the elements of the First army In the battle areas were being worked out by the staff of that army, who were given every possible assistance by the staff at O. H. Q. The general plan of action of the allied armle as agreed upon at the conference of commanders In chief July 24, wa to state It simply and briefly, that the offensive should continu each army driving forward as rapidly a possible The aUIfed and American operations during the summer had resulted In tbs reduction of the Chateaa Thierry, Amiens end SL Mlhlel salients and the great offensive was now under way. Immediately west of the Meuse river the battle line had remained practically unchanged since 1917. It was on this front the American army was to play its great part The disposition of the Belgian, and American British, French armies on the wide front between the North sea and Verdun was such that they would naturally converge as they advanced. So long as the enemy could hoick his ground on tbe east of this hattle line frontal attacka farther west might drive him back on hla successive position yet a decision would bo long . delayed. Yanks Face Strong Position. His main line of communication and supply ran through Carignan, 8edan and Mexlere If that should be Interrupted before he could withdraw bis armies from Franco and Belgium tbe communications In the narrow avenue between the Ardennes forest and the Dutch frontier were so limited that be would be nnable adequately to supply his forces or to evacuate them before bis ruin would be accomplished. As our objective was the 8edan-Carl- g nan railroad. It was evident that the sector assigned to tbe American army was opposite the most sensitive part of the. German front then being attacked. The danger confronting the enemy made It Imperative that he should hold on In front of the American army to the limit of his 'resource From the enemy's point of view this was tbe vital portion of bis defense tin because here It was closer to his mala artery of supply than at any other point Be could afford to retire hla ar cries gradually from all fronts except the Meuse-Argon-n where be must bold until the last Germans Strongly FertHled. The area between the Meuse river and the Argonne forest was Ideal for defensive lighting. On the east the heights of the Meuse commanded that river valley and on the west the rugged, high hills of the Argonne forest dominated ths valley of the Airs river. In the center the watershed between the Aire and the Meuse rivers comwith the manded both valley heights of Montfaucon, Cun el, Romance and of the Bole de standing out as natural From these heights strong point observation points completely covered the eh II re German front The terrain ever which' thoat-tac-k was to be made formed a defile blocked by three successive bar rler the heights of Montfaucon, then those of Cunel and Romange and farther back th ridges of the Bo I s de Barrl court and of the Bols de Bourgogne. - Tbe Meuse river was unfordable; the Aire river fordable only In place la addition to the heavy forest of the Argonne there were numerous woods which with heavy undergrowth were serious obstacle These natural defenses were strengthened by every artificial means Imaginable, such as fortified successive dugout strongpoint lines of trenches end an unlimited number of concrete machine - gun emplacement . With" the- advantage of commanding positions tbe enemy was particularly well located to pour oblique and flanking artillery fire on any assailant attempting to advance within range between the Meuse and tbe Argonne. . A dense network of wire entanglements covered every position. It was small wonder the enemy had rested four years ou this front without being invested. He felt secure (Carignan-Sedau-Mexlere- Bar-ricou- rtihy, UTAH MAGNA the knowledge that even with few divisions to hold these positions his east and west lines of rail communication In rear would be well protected against the probability of lnterferenc Hindenburg Position Is Objsctlv In accordance with ths principal mission, which remained the same throughout this great offonair the main attack of the First army waa to bo launched west of the Mena river. Its right te be covered by the river and by tbe operations of the French Seventeenth corps on the east of the river, that corps being part of our army. Our left waa to be supported by a simultaneous attack by tbe French Fourth army. Our attack to Include the Argonne fores waa to be driven with nil possible strength la the general direction of In 0600XXX0600000 He Is the Contract Bridge Champion It era ia Ilewxpzper Reunites Ere tiers Clyde, N. I. An Erl newspaper which mentioned the name of Edward Dam of Erie brought about th reunion of Edward and hit brother Joseph of Clyde, whs had not seen each other for (p) 84 year relative noticed th name and notified Joseph, Th A brothers were separated whea Edward decided to "see th world." . the brontosaurus, or thunder Heard, now In the Peabody museum at New Have When alive Its weight Is estimated to have been about 40 ton and It lived about 120,000,000 years ago. The Jaw of the tlthano-therto which family belong th modern hors tapir and rhihocero was fonnd In the Whits River Bad Lands of South Dakota In 1810. Mexlere The first operation of onr army was to hava for its objective the Hindenburg position on the front Brieullessur-Meuse-Romagn- e with n following development In the direcin order tion of Buzancy-Mezlere- a to force the enemy beyond the Meuse and outflank his positions on the Vouxlera-Bethe- l line from the e, east - In conjunction with our advanc which would outflank tba enemys tbs position south of ths Also French Fourth army, by attacking successively the positions between the Alsne and the Suippea river would be able to occupy the Una Vooxlere-RetheAfter that operate In the direction of the plateen east of ths road. A liaison attachment under the French army waa designated to operate along the western edge of the Argonne forest as a connecting link between the French and American armle . ' Aim at Tactical Surprla Onr purpose waa to affect a tactical surprla If pbsalbl overcoma ths enemy's first and second positions In ths area of Montfaucon and (Cots Dams Marie) of bis third position before ths enemy could bring It was up Strong an ambitious plan and one that weald require n rapid advance of ten miles through a densely fortlflsd tonsil From an estlmata sf ths enemy's reserves end their location It was realised that wa must capture Montfaucon and arise Cote Deme Marie by tbe end ef the second day. -- - -- It was thought reasonable to count on the vigor and aggressive spirit of onr troops to make up In n measure for their Inexperienc bat at the same time the fact wan not overlooked that lack of technical skill might considerably reduce the chaneea of bomplete success against well organised resistance ef experienced defender General Petals had already given It as bin opinion that we should not ho able to get farther than Mont-fauco- a before winter. - "CHAPTER Ll( offensive e Tbe opened the morning of September 28. To call It battle may be n misnomer, yet It ws a battl the greatest, the moat prolonged In American history. Through 47 days we were engaged In n persistent struggle with the enemy to smash through his defense The attack started on a front ef 24 mile which gradually extended until the enemy waa being actively asaailed from the Argonne forest te tbe Moselle river, 90 mile In all more than 1,200,000 were employed and tha attack wan driven 82 miles to the north and 14 mllee te the northeast before the armistice terminated bostllltie The numbers engaged, ths diverse character of tbe fighting and tbe terrain, the numerous crises and the brilliant feats ef Individuals and units make n detailed description of the battle extremely complicated and nscs warily confusing to the reader. The outstanding fact that I desire to emphasise Is that, once started, tbe battle waa maintained continuously, aggressively and relentlessly to the end. All difficulties w ers overridden la one tremendous sustained effort te terminate the war then and there la a victorious manner. Battle Opens Favorably. After-threhours' violent artillery preparation the attack began n At the same time, at 8:30 te divert the enemy attention elsewhere, local raids and demonstrations were made on the Mease-Mosellfront Tbe French Fourth army (Gouraud), to eur left on the west of the Argonne forest, began Its attack half an hoar later. The battle opened favorably. Our attack at that particular place and at that time evidently came aa a surprise to tbo enemy, and on troops were enabled quickly te overrun his forward position Th vast network of undestroyed bathed wlr the - deep - ravine dense woods and heavy fog mad It difficult to tbe movw Dents of the assaulting Infantry, especially of soma divisions In bat tls for ths first time, yet tbe advance throughout waa extremely vigorou Third Corps Reaches Second Un The Third corps (Bullard), near eat ths Mena carried the eoemy second position before dark. The Thirty-thir- d division (Bql), wheeling to the right as It advanced, sampled the west hank ef tbe Meuee to protect the flank of the army. The Bole de Forge with its difficult terrain and strong machine gun defense waa carried la splendid fashion. Th right of ths Eightieth division (Cronkhlte) had by noon cleared the Bols Jure In the face of heavy machine gun fire and established Its Un north of Danne-vouxy Oa Its left, after an fight, th division forced Its way through the strong positions on hill 282 and reached the northern , slopes of that hilL Meuse-Argonn- e -- . nil-da- CTO 'I BS OONTirrcxD.) Principle ef Jaitic Tbe love of me derived from la the principle of human Justice. Rousseau. elf-lov- 18 1S2J C;-icr.- Border Smuggling Cut by Help of Mexicans Mexico. Juarex, the contract bridge champion of the American , David Burnstln some of hla trophies which he has won since the first with Bridge league, of th year. s . Ancient Fossils Common in U. S. United State Fertile Field for Paleontologists found by one expedition. One of th largest skeletons of this beast was found la Utah In 1928 the of the specie This specimen was 71 feet long and the pieces discovered weighed about 62,000 This creature la supposed pound to have lived 170,000,000 years ago. Mastodon It la believed, were abundant her about 23,000 yean ago, ' whereas this animal J waa thought to have become extinct in Europe 1,000 centuries back. Mastodon teeth 7 Inches long have been discovered in the ocean off tho New Jersey coast ; and tba vicinity of Niagara falls has furnished a fertile Arid for such discoveries. Hugo Thundsr Lizard. Near Medicine Bluff, Wyo, was found tho skeleton "of on of the largest of the prehistoric reptile d!p-lodoc- discovery In Washington. Th Texas of thodorsal armor of a giant ' phytosanr, n crocodile-- ! Ike creature wlhch lived more than years ago. emphasizes the fact that the United Staten la atlll n fertile field for paleontologists seeking the fossils of prehistoric aniTraces of many species of mal these monsters have been found from time to time. . number of Judging from th trades found, the dinosaur, or Terrible reptile," seem te have been th most common in aU parts of tbs Beside the Connecticut country. river, near Northampton nr preserved dinosaur tracks said to be ths most perfect ever found. Neap er New Tork, at Woodbrldg N. J dlnoeaut tracks were discovered last year measuring 20 Inches across th toe They are thought to datt back to the cretaceous period of tbe Mesosolc ag , ' Haunts ef ths Dinosaur. Th haunts of the dinosaur In New Jersey were discovered, however, in 1858, and n mounted skeleton la In tha State mnaeum at Trenton. In th western states and In tbe Canadian province of Albert dinosaur bones have been most frequently found and most easily excavated. Some hogs track 88 inches long; have been discovered In Colorado; and la Dinosaur canyon, near Flagstaff; Artt, 800 tracks were ' Ancient .Cuban Letters to Be Placed injCase Valuable docuHavana, Cub ments written by General Albemarle, who led the English Invasion of Coba against tbe Spenards In 1762, nr to be placed on display under glass In the andent dty hall of Haven It has been announced by Mayor Tlrso Mesa In Haven 8om of th moat historically valuable documents In th archive of Haven they were written on parchment and are In n fin state of preservation. - They Include military orders and decrees and a number ef personal letter Cows Recognize Calves; Man Arrested as Thief Harper, Ore. Four calves pastured In B. Fausts .yard. Fault denied be bad stolen them. So fonr cows belonging to Virgil 8mlth were driven up. The calves seemed glad to see them. The cows gave every evidence of fondness for the calve 8o Faust was accused of larceny. Tiny Muaasy Fonnd Vernal. Utah. A strange discovery, the mommy of n mature persng only 82 Inches In height, was mads In Ruin canyon recently by Lee Sny- der and g, i EL 3. No Air Mail Grows in South America Sao Paulo, Coffee Center, to more than half a mflUo New streets that wer built were mad Now Gets Service. broad and straight and flanked wttk Waahlngton. Sao Paulo, capital and business metropolis of Sao Paulo stat Brasil, Is one of the latest cities to be enmeshed by the network of air mall routes which are spreading over the South American republic. Th trip from Rio de Janeiro to Sao Paulo takes 12 hours by nH. Tbo air mall schedule calls for a threo-hon-r trip between tbe c two djtle "Sao Paolo Is on of th oldest cities la South Amerlc" nays bulletin from . the National Geographic society, "but its age has not deprived U of modern commercial development. Boom Started In 1275. i Capt "Fifty year before th John Smith Pocahontas episode at Jamestown, Portuguese sailor founded Sao Paulo and married tbe daughter of n native Indian chief. Later Jesuit missionaries established a church it the settlement and held the first religious service on tbe feast day tfi celebration of th conversion of SL Paul. Henct th name of th dty, Sao Paulo, which means SL PsuL 4 "For three centuries Sao Paulo enjoyed Isolation, unfettered by colonial lawn of Portugal. It waa about 1,000 miles from tbe- - Portuguese government officials who In wer at that time, t Bah! 1875 tbo ball of commercial progress started rolling among the Inhabitant and newcomers were Instilled with n boom spirit In Slightly mor than 60 year th dty ha Increased In population from 26.000 V,a But the Public Ilulth Serric Putt force of 108.48 pound men In the heaviest group shortest 00 Through Paces. wer tbo most powerful lifter lift- t op- Gonzales, Juarex garrison commander, declared. "While w never will be able to stamp ont smuggling, we have cut activities to a minimum," General Gonxalex said. "Onr greatest trouble Is la airplane smuggling. Wa are not yet equipped to cope with tt and, as planes allow night operations at Inland towns or secluded spot are In s difficult pofitlon." General Gonxalex aald that a (arge amount of merchandise being smuggled Into Mexico from tbe United States also hag been seized by hla men ns (veil as A large quantity of liquor being taken Into tbs United 8tates from Mexico. modem building , "Th railway depot munldpal End stats government building m aeum libra rle school and aoms of Its new business buildings wool! be flattering additions to many dtles of th world of th stmt six Thre hug public gardens sal mor than 50 parks break tbe of th miles of street City That Coffa Built "Sao Panto might properly M called tbe dty that coffee hunt Many of tho palatial residences tn those of coffee barons la 8 Panto streets bug track bff cart and perspiring men lads with sacks of coffee arealvxv within eyeshot; Coffee wa net & troduced Into Brazil until two c& furies ago, but the price of now largely- - governs the rise fall of Sao Paulos prosperity. WL. Ethiopia la tbo prlglnal horns coffee, Sao Paulo state baa adcp tbo greater portion of tho deace. ants of th original coffee beni If aU tbo coffee plantations la t' stats were tn on plantation would cover aa area aa larr 1 Dels war and Rhode Island e blned. In n single year more t ing on an average of 019.2 pound Tbo men having th greatest long power were fonnd among th shortest In tbo 150-15pound das Their lung fore was measured at 154 millimeter So far as general strength went it wan found that the taller men were for their weight, th less strength they bad oa th averag and tbo shorter they were for their weight, tho stronger they wer This rale applied through practically nil weight group As a nil heavy men wer found to b stronger than men of a lighter weight Meo In tho 63-6Inch dsn wer found to b the strongest in the 120-12- 9 pound das as they wer In th next weight das pound and also In tho 140-11However, the tallest pound das men In the pound dan proved to be an exception to the general ml for they were found to be the strongest. But tbe general rule held again In the heaviest clas where the pound shortest men were the strongest tj P 1 oa and n quarter million pounds ' coffee nr produced la the s r There are more than seven trees for very man, worn child In tho stat" ' '' PAGAN GOD UNVE&n riu Measure Mans Power in Series of Tests Washington. How strong Is man! Th answer has Just been mad by th United State public aerie of health service through teats given to 500 men. Generally, heavily built men were fonnd to be stronger than slender men of the ' same VetghL s; The tests were mad to ascertain tho polling, pushing, haadgrlp-plnlifting and lung power of men between th ages-- ef twenty and thlrty-fon- r, between the weight of 120 and 100 pound and between th heights of 63 and 70 Inche The greatest pulling power wu demonstrated by men In the heaviest weight das between 160 and 168 pound Then In the two heaviest classe 150 te 150 and 100 to 169 pound tied as the most power ful pusher ' In each of these weight group tho taller men proved to bo the. best pusher with n force of 121 pound th record figure. In tbo handgripping contest tbe tallest and heaviest men gave tbe most powerful baud grip with Smuggling erations along th Juares-E- l Paso section of tbe Bio Grande have been cut In half since the Mexican government ordered armed patrols along the boundary, Gen. Miguel 8. ! K K. D V, 9 Izz: 4 ISO-13- 3 150-15- 9 The statu of th P' "Badlgaat,"wbicb unveiled at na Pustevnscn. tlovakl ts sn addition monument of SL Cyril E!j who. 1,000 years ago, tr country tnd converted Slavs to Christianity. , 1G0-1C- 9 r |