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Show THE SEM. FEEWi ALY NATION,| _THE Ai LOGAN, +t ¢ & 8 8 King Edward sees now might have done it sooner. that he the prophets in their received own with country were prophets. a : ghee Japan is crazy to have a war Russia. That sentence is good, ever you understand it. SeTees eae eae aa with: how- A woman can despise a man for his; weakness, and yet suffering they. bring nt love him: cere er nt him RAE for ae a i. x “Danny” Maher rode many a wild race in safety. But what is a horse compared with a bucking auto? Sees es Ge eae The Reliance ‘at Bristol. We overhauled It dish of The Ancient am Crime Stained of —> Cultivation of Soil. “| Maybe stones of oe Origin “Sicilian Order Differ—The Revol Palermo i in, 1282, Russia and Japan both are talking peace‘and accumulating cartridges. weather DREADED MAFIA. | ~ Sap Sprouts,” (Special Correspondence.) Se Cultivation is probably the most imA. year ago, Professor E. S. Goff, in. portant feature connected with the an address before the Wisconsin HorMeioen Sicily is little known to the driving his stillet into his heart and handling of soils. Nature has placed ‘tieultural Society, said: world to-day, but the little that is crying “Morte al Francia!” Death to large.quantities of -plant food in our I wish to relate an incident that OG: known includes the outward workings the French. The| maddened cry be curred when I: was a boy. I did not: of the great crime-stained society, “La ' came the roar of infuriated thousands. - soils;‘and it depends upon our skill and knowledge how. fdr wé can make understand it then as I do now, though Mafia.” When the rest of the world It swelled and dee ened; it took on a was moving on, Sicily seems to have deeper meaning aiid became nation- use of and work this mine for the I remember the fact. My father had stood: still and in the shadows of the alized and then breast forth: “Morte benefit of our crops.‘ ‘Cultivation is a Golden Russet tree in his orchard. vital, and the subject .is‘so wide that It was an old tree and bore very proMafia of to-day she presents: to the ala Francia Italia auelea!” ee to one scarcely knows: where’ to begin.. fusely, but the apples were very | For spring grains I-try to. plow in’ the “sinall. . By an accident the limbs on: . | fall. When the furrows are well and that tree “were | broken down on one: 9. | evenly set up -and are frozen, .and- side, so that we had left only three | } when the frost comes out, fertilization -or four branches that did not extend takes place and the soil is left in a vertically, but extended more or less. fine, granulous céndition, Plant: ‘food at an angle on the other side, leayis. liberated and a Warm -‘seed bed is ing the side on which the limbs broke formed.’ When’ ‘plowing ig to be overhauled hope she will not be later by the Shamrock. is said that the ezar’s favorite. is codfish fried in oil. Somebody: ought to introduce him to baked beans., So far Russia has not thought it! ;mecessary to call on any of the big! powers to prevent Japan from es ‘ing it. Se ie eee eee ' People who have wondered what the! irest cure was for received a flood of. ‘light in the discovery of the “laziness ‘disease.” Most people have a distinct advantage over James R. Keene. Very few ‘of us could be annoyed at the loss of $1,500,000. When the coal barons see a chance to join hands in boosting prices ‘germ of the “laziness disease” is in evidence, the not An Ohio artist is about to establish ‘his home in the branches of a tall oak. ‘Possibly he is expecting a visit from Santos-Dumont. Connecticut will have only a fraction of a peach erop this year, and the tobacco crop is spindling. How about the wooden nutmeg crop? Wall streets brokers are said to be ‘planning an elephant hunt, which, _while more exciting, ie legs profitable teat. the pursuit of the lamb. When the Chicago Record-Herala says, “Our total exports of gold since Jan, 1 have amounted to $32,475,720,” ‘we presume it is ‘not using the. editerial “we.” Bargains in baseball draw the men just as bargains in shirt waists and ‘things draw the women. And _ the ‘baseball bargains draw a good many women, too. Thirty million dollars’ worth of diamonds were brought into this country ‘last year. Only a few old-fashioned ,people cut in the country now wear paste gems. Cathedral, rest of the civilized. world a study of a state of society for the analogue of ‘which, in England, one would have to igo back to the time of Henry VIL, when England was passing away from the old system of feudalism inte a brighter and higher life. It is almost iprecisely the same condition which existed in Germany after the Thirty /Years’ war, and it presents the same picture of semi-barbarism as did |France during the years that preceded tthe French revolution. The Mafia is probably of very ancient origin. It is more than 600 years old. Just exactly when or how it sprang into existence is not exactly known. Some historians say that the Italians’ love for intrigue and mystery ‘prompted, the organization, but the ‘writers who cling te, the remancer oe) j Hibvoty: tei a pretty story, which shows that the society sprang into existence from. an inspiration of patriotism, but its very birth was heralded by a libation of blood. These writers have its origin at the revolt of Palmere, which took place during an Waster ceremonial in the suburbs of that city in the year 1282. A beautiful young girl and her betrothed, in accordance with the quaint customs of that people, approached the church of the Holy Ghost to be united in marriage at the altar, and while the lover Palermo. the French is Italy’s ery:) For sev, enty-two hours armed bands, headed by the father and betrothed of:the gir] hunted down the hapless French. In dread of the vengeance of the French nation these unhappy people formed themselves into secret organization with the password and name of the society made up with the initial letters of the words which compose that fateful death cry, thus forming Mafia. But setting aside the possible. ancient origin of the society, its present development. seems due to the great corruption which existed under the Bourbons and especially in the police of that time, the consequence of which. was a general tendency on the part of the Sicilians to do justice for ihem- oe, One of the ‘principal: functions gies Ge Wiséd, vo-decide. dt eee and dispense justice without apealing to the decisions of Ss or tribunals. The Mafists have thelr ‘go-called code of honor, and disregarding social law, accept “Omerta” and are guided by the teachings and by it regulate their lives and adjust their relations to their fellow raen. In the opinion sought the padre in the little room at of the Mafists, the ‘Omerta” lifts them above law. According to it, if a man appeals to the law against his fellow man, he is not exis a fool, but a coward. the rear of the building, his bride ‘waited in the threshold. As she stood there a drunken sergeant of the French garrison came along, threw his arm about her waist and kissed her. She tore herself from his grasp and Since 1876 the1 Mafia has heen: very quiet in Italy and has been little heard of elsewhere until 1891. when its bold operations in New Orleans and the assassination of Chief Hennesy of that city, so aroused the better elements The reconciliation in the Vanderbilt | family probably means'as much in the ‘future to Cornelius Vanderbilt third ‘and his little sister Grace j\to anybody Siam ‘Why as it does else. wants to borrow $5,000,000. doesn’t the King of Siam show ;some enterprise and get one of jtwenty or thirty sons to marry ‘American heiress? his an | The actress who kissed Sir Thomas [three times before he could break a@way will no doubt be gratified to Hearn that nearly every paper in the jcountry mentioned ¢ A Kentucky cow swallowed isticks of dynamite, and when she two > | 1a playful run on the hillside there wa jot enough of that cow left to makd '@ barbecue Perhaps their old fm search for mosquitoes. the seals haunts of new that deserted off Alaska and went quarters are not con: jsumed with a desire to be made inta ealskin: sacks ke at present. It is denied now tow die the “Old Curi« osity Shop” in London has been sold to an American with the idea of trans/ plantation to ‘his some is so, the United American States. has If saved money. Englishmen, it is reported, are will fne to float that $35,000,000 loan fer ‘Guba if America does not want it, but ‘doubtless Mr. Morgan will take a few minutes off at lunch some day and at. tend to it. The plan for ¢hrough Alaska, ‘Bering straits, a railroad to Russia with a tunnel under will have the warm ‘approval of people who do not go to ‘hrope now because they are afxeid ‘of being seasick. Public Fountain, Palermo.. terned to fly, but as she did so the heel of her slipper caught in the Goptag of the pavement and she fell, striking her head against a sharp Bre jeetion of the cornice. At that instant the returning lever’s eyes fell upon her prostrate form and with the fury of a wild bedst he threw himself upon the French sergeant, of New Orleans ‘iat the citizens ceeded to the jail and shot or hangeé eleven of the Italian criminals confined there who had been implicated in the murder. Since then the Mafia has not dared to raise its head in the United States, though no doubt there still exists organization among the lower classes. for. spring without any branches. This tree start- grain is left until | isthe spring, our ed up some very vigorous sap sprouts, {teams are plowing when they should we would call them, on the side where: be surface cultivating, and drilling in the breaking occurred, and these grew } the seed. Every day’s delay in getfour, or five feet the first season, and | ting in grain after the soil. is dry they were nearly an inch through at ‘enough to work means fewer bushels the base. They were very vigorous Fat threshing time.’ Soil plowed in and strong shoots. Next spring-I exthe spring, too, is colder on the surpected these new shoots were going face than that plowed in -the fall, | to. bear fruit, and when I found they which involves slower’ germination did not blossom, I was disappointed. and vegetation. As. to the proper Next. year they did not bear fruits: depth to plow, it-seems to me that is they kept right on growing, and I wona question which edch farmer must dered when they were going to bear. But the third year these new sprouts decide for himself, according to his Own soil, conditions and crop requirebore such russets as I never saw bements. If the soil of a given field is fore—they were double the size of those that grew on the old limbs. We deep, say ten. or twelve inches, and that field were plowed in the fall for have been taught that we should cut spring grain, I would try to plow it off sap sprouts, and yet I expect theabout seven inches deep. But if by sap sprouts are nature’s efforts to some mischance that field were not renew the bearing wood of the tree, plowed until the spring I would plow and if we allow the sap sprouts to it lighter, as the deeper the plowing srow in some cases and remove some the colder the surface turned up. If .of the old feeble limbs, we could have: that field were plowed in the fall for “hew apple trees, so far as the ability mangels, I would try for about eight to produce new fruit is concerned. I inches. But if the surface. soil of this am aware that this is rather a new field is only six or seven inches deep, doctrine, but I believe there is someI would try to plow it only five or six common sense behind it. I do not inches deep. In other words, the claim, as I said, to have settled thisproblem, and there is another prob-depth of, the soil, the time of plowing lem suggested by this twig that I con-and the nature of the cron grown are fess that I need help on. all factors in determining how deep What shail: we do with a twig that grows liketo plow. I do not wish to bring any that and does not make a fruit spur? subsoil to the surface if I can avoid Is there any way that we can prune it. Sometimes, however, the surface that to make it bear fruit spurs? This: soil is so shallow that some of the is one of the things I am studying on. subsoil must necessarily be brought You will notice here that the buds: to the surface in plowing. If I have have started, but the growth seems to: a deep soil I want to give the roots have continued, they have all grown of the plants liberal feeding grounds, weakly, but because they will, if allowed, strike -long and slender. and there is no sign of fruit bud. | Tt is a.” down deeply. As to the question of ‘seedling, but we have trees>-in our. frequency of plowing, it appears té6 me orchard of named varieties chat grow that that also depends upon soils and like this. eircumstances: --Heavy, compact soils require more plowing - ‘than® lighter Bitter Rot of Apaiew. ones. Such soils tend to. get hard There is a disease of apples that an-and bake and become inert, and hence nually renders unsalable large quanti: require the plow to open them and imties of this fruit. The germs of this prove their mechanical condition. The disease pass the winter on decayed: ‘plow, too, is the surest and quickest fruit or on the limbs of the tree. Whenway to destroy many sorts of weeds. conditions are right the: Where the land is clean and the soil weather spread of the bitter rot (or ripe rot,. will permit it, surface cultivation with as it is called in some places) is very a disc or spring tooth often forms a rapid. Fortunately its attacks are not better seed-bed than the use of the common, else apple growing would be plow.—A. W. Peart. a feat far more difficult than at presHog Pasture. ent. The disease usualy manifests it-it is not safe or even desirable to self during July and August, though in rely upon a single crop to furnish passome years it has been noticed as. ture for our hogs throughout the enearly as June. It is so distinct in its. tire season. It is better to arrange for characteristics that it is easily recoga succession of pastures from the be- ‘nized when once it has been met with. gining of the season until the hogs and noticed. Hach decaying spot are ready for market, making the feed spreads uniformly from a single center richer and more concentrated toward of infection and small black pustules. the close of the season, and as we apappear on the surface of the decayed: proach the finishing of fattening pe spots. Under the decayed surface the riod. For this purpose the following fruit is of a spongy character, browncrops are recommended: Red clover ish in color, very bitter to the taste,. or alfalfa, rape, cowpeas, soy beans. and forms a cone-shaped area with. On lands adapted to alfalfa it will ‘the apex towards the core of the apple.. undoubtedly prove to be better for F. W. Faurot says that if the pustules. hogs than red clover, inasmuch as it on the decayed surface be examined will produce a larger quantity of feed closely it will be seen that pink colof a somewhat higher value. Inasored stringy masses are exuding from much as we have not yet learned to them. This exudation is composed of grow alfalfa successfully on the macountless numbers of minute spores jority of our upland clay soils, we cemented together, and which are disshall be forced to rely chiefly upon tributed by various agents throughout clover. It starts earlier in the spring the tree, and from tree to tree. Spraythan any hog pasture we have excepting with Bordeaux mixture is one ef |ing alfalfa, and would therefore be the means of keeping the disease in used first, and should be used as long check and of saving the apple crop. as it is succulent and palatable. UsuPerfect sanitary conditions in the orally not later than the middle of-June chard will do much to prevent the the crop will have become so mature spread of this pest. that the hogs will relish a change for the time being, and the surplus clover Grooming the Herd, : should be cut and removed, so as to After the cattle have had their hay allow the second or fall crop to start in the morning they are cleaned up for promptly.—Report Missouri State the day. We use good stiff root brushes. Board of Agriculture. for the purpose and the curry comb ig. Pollination of Apples. From the Farmers’ Review: In your issue of June 17th I read an article on the pollination .of apples. I agree with you in this matter, first, last and all the time. On my farm I have an orchard of 140 trees, which have been @ great pleasure and quite a profit, I have in close proximity White Pippin, Jonathan, Rambo, Snow, Tallman Sweet, Ben Davis, Virginia Biush, Walker Sweet, Janet, Maiden Blush, Strawberry, Fulton, Tetofsky, Duchess bf Oldenburg, Red Astrachan, Milan, Roman Stem, Jersey Sweet and Keswick Codling. I find this gives créssgpollination and good crops of fine fruit—A. T. Evans, Knox County, [lile brought into requisition when necessary. The cows enjoy this brushing and stand perfectly still, frequently stopping their eating during the opera. tion. Some authorities claim that brughe ing stimulates the circulation, thereby increasizg the milk flow. Whether or not this is so, I d6 not know. That @ clean row of cows is more attractive and pleasing to the eye, there is no doubt. Besides this, can you tell me of anything more repulsive than milk. ing vile smelling, filthy cows? If the custom of cleaning cows was more eral among farmers, the butter make ers and creamery men throughout the country would have much less trouble in producing a first class article—R W. Howie |