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Show THE LEIII SUN, IEIH, UTAH Few Legislators Authors Of Bills They Introduce By BAUKIIAGE Newt Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, 1616 Eye Street N.W., Washington, D. C. A bright young railroad executive who has his cum laude in law from a famed university was sitting with me in Burt's the other day. Burt's is a sort of greenroom for radio ra-dio folk and others who move and speak and have their being in what Is euphemistically referred to as Washington's Radio Ra-dio center. Inspired (or Infuriated) by the presence, of so many of the few who say so much to so many, my friend launched forth into a tirade on the responsibility respon-sibility of the publicist "You can't play baseball accord ing to football rules," he said, shak ing a menacing fist at me, "and that is what Washington officials are doing. You studied political science 30 years ago. I studied It only 20 years ago. And you know perfectly well that the present generation is not following the rules laid down by our founding fathers. You ought to tell the public about it. "Now maybe the principles of our government are wrong. I am not defending de-fending them. But I am saying that we are deserting them. Rule of the majority, a republican form of gov ernment operated by the represent atives of the people, is a travesty, when legislation is Jammed through by minorities. And I mean bureaucrat as well as lobbyists." This happened when the senate was neck-deep in the final debate over the OPA and my friend claimed congress was revolting revolt-ing against what he called the high pressure methods of the administration. adminis-tration. Since the congress was tearing tear-ing the administration measure to shreds at that moment I pointed out that while it was true that congress was sore at Stabilizer Bowles for what they called propagandizing, the example was not a very good one.' So he proceeded to develop his theme with specific references all too farniliar to me and my colleagues col-leagues of the microphone and typewriter. type-writer. Town Seethe$ With Lobbyists You, too, are familiar with the power of the "pressure boys" as my friend Kenneth Crawford called them in his revealing book by that name. Crawford estimated there were 6,000 active lobbyists in Washington Wash-ington when World War II started. There are many more now. Speaker Speak-er Rayburn said the town was "seething" with them. We all remember the seven-digit sum of money contributed to a campaign cam-paign fund which came out of the members' dues of one great labor union. True, the head of the union later quarrelled with the president whom he had helped elect because the president refused to take his orders. Nevertheless, this example illustrates what "big money" attempts, at-tempts, and sometimes succeeds in doing. We know, too, that when the entire en-tire economy of the country was locked to a dead center by strikes in two essential Industries, coal and transportation, and that when the government itself gave orders, those orders were disobeyed. Minority Mi-nority rule was operating then. Minority Mi-nority groups nullified the wishes of the duly-elected representatives of the people. My friend, with all his vehemence, ve-hemence, with his allegiance to management, made no claim that the demands of the railroad men, the coal miners, were unjust. He merely said that in order to obtain what they considered Justice, the powerful leaders of the organizations organiza-tions to which they belong were able to play baseball according to football foot-ball rules temporarily at least The theory that the creation of the laws- of the land has been taken from the hands of the elected representatives repre-sentatives of the people was put forth by Crawford in "The Pressure Boys" seven years ago when he said: "It is improbable that a single sin-gle important law enacted In the last 10 years has been written by its congressional sponsor or its nominal author. Administration bills are prepared by New Deal experts ex-perts in executive departments. Legislation independently inaugurated inaugu-rated Is almost invariably prepared pre-pared In toe office of a lobbyist Congress maintains a legislative L..,.,n wJJ,i?-g BARBS ...by Baukhage There are 630 acres of forest land in the United States. Plenty of tall timber to take to when the prices start io rise. see Earl Browder plans to open a publishing house for Russian books in New York City. Why don't we get some pro-American Russian to open an American book publishing venture in Moscow? drafting service which writes bills for committees, but it seldom la called upon by individual legislators for assistance in writing any minor pivate bills." LaFollette Bill Would Revamp Thomas Mechlin, writing on this subject in the current Virginia Quarterly Review, touches on the subject of readymade legislation. He tells how lobby "gets its own staff together and knocks out a bill which the front office would like to see made a law eventually. It then runs the draft over to a large law firm which has one of its members In congress. Although the congressman con-gressman cannot personally represent repre-sent the client the method used In submitting the proposed legislation through the 'body of the firm takes care of that ... If the lobby is well-organized, it will exploit high-powered high-powered publicity from then on out" I am constrained to admit that much in all of these assertions is true. But I would like to mention three hopeful signs on the horizon, minuscule though they may be. Two were measures Introduced but not acted upon in this session of congress. con-gress. They will be presented again and have a good chance of passing. One Is the LaFollette measure for revamping congress, one provision of which Increases the technical as sistance available to members. The second is a bill introduced by Representative Sabath of Illinois, which provides for an all-inclusive investigation of lobbies. Most con gressmen don't like lobbyists and Sabath's bill as Mechlin admits, was a crystallization of this feeling, The third Indication was a resolution resolu-tion introduced during the OPA fight by Senator Taylor (D. of Idaho) authorizing the publication publica-tion of a document on how each sen ator voted on every measure. He said that the people are becoming more aware of their political responsibilities, re-sponsibilities, that politics is no longer solely in the hands of politi cians, ward-heelers and lobbyists. ! ungress is sensitive to the need ot a restoration of majority ruie but the only real hope lies within the majority itself. Unfortunately ine giant sleeps. South Dakotans See Swearing-in Two recent visitors to Washing ton, Mrs. Evelyn Baker and Mrs. James Magee of Custer and Belle Fourche, S. D., can tell their friends back home in the Black Hills region that while they were here they took In three events which might set the tone for all such future events. The ladies, winners of a radio con test to honor women who did their bit during the war years, visited Washington during the week when three top-drawer government offi cials, all close friends of Harry Tru man, were sworn into new jobs. The swearing-in of a cabinet officer offi-cer used to be a rather modest af fair. The swearinee, his family, a few friends, and his office staff, a few of the press, usually gathered in his new office, and the whole af fair was over in about the time it t-'-"! for bride and groom to say "i ao." i-ue, Fred Vinson and Lewis Schwellenbach did travel to Capitol mil ror their inaugurations as t. . ury and labor secretaries respec tively. But those events occasioned iiu Bum noopia as am the cere monies which made Monday Tues day Wednesday Washington news one late week in June, Mrs. Magee and Mrs. Baker and five thousand other spectators, plus the navy 'band, gathered on the White House lawn to watch Mr. Vin son take over his new office as chief Justice of the United States; they saw John Snyder's big moment made bigger when President Tru man strolled from the White House to the treasury portico to watch his St Louis crony take the oath as head of the treasury department; and they observed tall, young-look'-ing John Steelman's swearing-in as reconversion director, a ceremony which took place in the rose gar-dens gar-dens of the White House. Having observed these impressive impres-sive occasions, the Black Hills visitors visi-tors could appreciate the widely-whispered widely-whispered remark of Undersec-retary Undersec-retary of Navy John Sullivan. (Sul-livan (Sul-livan got his swearing-in done nni.. ly and traditionally on June 18 ) As Sullivan congratulated John Steel- man aner ine rose card mony, he asked. "Well, are you the cere vi me june Drides?" The publicity man for the six stunning Goldwyn girls touring the country to boost the movie "The Kid from Brooklyn" expected the President's daughter to have them to tea. Miss Truman was out of town. I made the patriotic suggestion sug-gestion they go to Annapolis in-stead. in-stead. If there had been time to arrange ar-range tt, I would probably have a navy cross by now. WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Stassen Regains Limeliglvt thru Thye Victory in MinnesotaRuss Make Germans Grow Big Crops Released by Western Newspaper Union. (EDITOR'S NOTEi When oplnlens r p.pcr vaiua news analysis auo not neoessarliy of Mils newspaper. DEPENDENT . . . First and only American husband in Germany as a dependent is George IL Madoie of Warren, Ohio, a discharged vet who got back to Germany on application of his wife, the former Sadie Jo Carroll of Houston, Texas, who works for the state department depart-ment in Berlin. They plan to return to the U. S. about August 1. MINNESOTA: Stassen and Thye Gov. Edward J. Thye, hand-picked candidate of Harold E. Stassen, piled up an impressive margin over Sen. Henrik Shipstead for the Re publican senatorial nomination and started all over the argument about Stassen's political power and chance to become the GOP candidate for President of the U. S. in 1948. Stassen, more than Thye, was made the issue of the campaign by Senator Shipstead who openly open-ly boasted of his vote against United Nations and the loan to Britain. Stassen, considered a liberal and an internationalist, had approved the U. N. and the loan. Friends of Stassen predicted that a Thye victory would put Stassen back on the presidential trail and regain the prestige he lost in some quarters when Governor Grlswold, whom Stassen supported in the June primary In Nebraska, was defeated by Senator Butler for the GOP senatorial sena-torial nomination. Others maintain that Thye's popularity was so great in Minnesota that he won despite Stassen. VETS WORK : 10 of 12 on Job Ten out of every 12 veterans discharged by June 1 are at work or in school, according to the U. S. unemployment service. "For the third straight month the backlog of World War II veterans not at work has been reduced, notwithstanding continued con-tinued discharges of servicemen from the armed forces," said Robert C. Goodwin, USES director. direc-tor. In sharp contrast was the American Amer-ican Veterans' committee announcement announce-ment of the formation of 550 em ployment committees because "job opportunities are becoming tougher to find." PRO-NAZIS: Off Blacklist Abolition of the five - year old blacklist applied by the United States and 28 other countries to pro- Axis business firms, has been ended end-ed despite this country's threat two years ago to continue it indefinitely into the postwar era. The abolition of the blacklist came simultaneously with similar action by Great Britain and Canada. Britain, driving to increase its exports, ex-ports, was first to wipe out the barrier. bar-rier. Many of the blacklisted firms were in Argentina. GEOGRAPHY: War Chanses While force of arms was makinfi changes in the map of Europe and Asia, as well as portions of Africa and the Pacific area, the postwar maps of the United States will carry many revisions too. Castle mountain in Wyoming is gone, replaced by Mount Eisenhow er. Likewise, in the same state. Sho shone reservoir has given way to Buffalo Bill reservoir. Two ritip are on the map for the first time- Oak Ridge, Tenn.. which catapulted into a city of 75.000 where only 75 lived before, and Richland, Wash., which jumped from 700 to 15.000. Both of these cities were atomic- born and played important parts in the development of the atomic bomb. Probably Brelton Woods, N. H, ATOMIC RAYS MAY The marvel of nuclear fission is to be used to fight one of mankind's deadliest diseases, lukemia. No recovery from the disease has ever been recorded. Always the white blood cells, which multiply many thousands of times, have brought death. Perhaps Per-haps atomic energy, or nuclear fission, is powerful enough to arrest the growth of these white blood cells. At least that is what the physicians are hoping in the case of Alan James Haber-meyer, Haber-meyer, eight of Aurora, 111., who has been flown to the West coast where atomic energy will be used in an attempt to save his life. Authorities at the American Medical association center said they believed it to be the first time that nuclear fission had ever been used to fight lukemia. expressed In these columns, they are these ef I -4 """X, f S will remain an historic name be cause of the international agree ment made there. Hyde Park. N. Y., a sleepy village, is now re nowned as the birthplace of Frank lin D. Roosevelt and the place where his old home has become national shrine. A new lake, created by the waters of Grand Coulee dam in Washington, will be shown as Franklin D. Roosevelt lake on new maps. WIND: On Capitol Hill "Demosthenes earned his stature by speaking against the sea, but I hate to speak against the wind." Thus spoke Representative Eaton of New Jersey to the house of representatives rep-resentatives when he tried to speak on the proposed loan to Britain in a noisy house. He continued, say ing that he had another, complaint, that of "arguing against empty seats. I used to do it in church, but I'm not going to do it here." Representative Eaton was once a minister. REP. MAY: Is Accused Picturing himself as "the victim of a conspiracy of falsehood and malice," Rep. Andrew J. May of Kentucky has set out to defend himself him-self against a multitude of charges of profiting from war contracts. He denounced the senate war investigation investiga-tion committee as an "inquisition." Representative May declares his interest in expediting contracts for the Middle Western companies was aroused when he was told that army procurement officers in Chicago Chi-cago did not want to deal with them. He maintains he did not bring pressure pres-sure on the war department to grant TESTIFIES . . . Brig. Gen. R. E Hardy, assistant chief of ordnance, ord-nance, testified in the Erie Basin inquiry by the senate investigating investigat-ing committee relative to charges against Representative May. contracts to the Erie Basin Metal Products company and the Batavia Metal Products corporation. He says he has no connection with any of the corporations mentioned in the Mead hearings, other than the Cumberland Cum-berland Lumber company, "which was simply a land owning and lumber lum-ber company and had no contracts." "Shall I, who have given the best years of my life to the preservation pres-ervation of my country in time of peril, be now the victim of a conspiracy of falsehood and malice?" he demanded in a speech before the house of representatives. rep-resentatives. "No, let the truth be known." SAVE BOY'S LIFE : t St i ' ! " i V 4 I ' V . , K1, ? : I ,'-. I '" ' t "i I nil I FARM PRICES: Up or Down? What farm prices will be within a few months is a 64-dollar question. The OPA Is off and they could go sky-high. The government isn't anxious anx-ious to continue parity payments, and the price of farm products could go down, down, down. Right now they seem to be undecided which way they will go. One day the headlines will state: Tarm Prices Up." But the next day the same newspaper will proclaim: pro-claim: "Corn Oft Five Cents." "Oats Off Five Cents; Barley Sags; Cash Grains Lower." "Sharp Egg Loss." At the same time cotton may have advanced five dollars a bale! A potential sharp reduction In the feed nse of grain because of the heavy liquidation of livestock live-stock after OPA died resulted In much pressure on corn and oats particularly, two of the main feed crops. Should farm prices continue to go down while other prices go up, it is feared in many circles that an other squeeze, such as that during the twenties, might force congress to come to the aid of farmers by peg ging prices or' continuing support loans. GERMAN CROPS: In Soviet Zone The Soviet-occupied provinces of Thuringia and Saxony, known as Germany's bread basket, is producing produc-ing grain, potatoes and sugar in quantities that equal prewar harvests, har-vests, according to American newspaper news-paper correspondents who have visited that area. They report that these two provinces are exporting great quantities of food stuffs to other parts of the Soviet zone. The correspondents toured the area as guests of the Russians and found that every bit of land was being utilized. Fields of grain were growing right up to factory walls and fences in many places. Saxony's largest sugar beet crop in years will aid sugar production. Many ot the large farms have been broken up into 12 to 17-acre tracts in the Weimar area and 1,500 new iarm owners have been created. cre-ated. LUMBER: Price Line Held Lumber manufacturers generally throughout the United States are marketing their products at or below be-low OPA ceiling prices, says a statement state-ment issued by the National Lumber Manufacturers association. "The lumber industry can operate op-erate without government-imposed price shackles," according accord-ing to the statement issued by Richard A. Colgan Jr., executive vice president, "and do a whale of a lot better job of getting out'Iumber for the housing program. pro-gram. Even this brief spell of freedom from control has breathed new life into the industry." in-dustry." Colgan said no complete canvass of the industry had been made but regional imports indicated that there has been almost no change in price schedules since the OPA ex, pired. OURTS-MARTIAL: Sentences Cut A special war department clem ency advisory board, headed by Owen J. Roberts, Supreme court justice, has reduced the sentence of nearly 20,000 soldiers convicted of serious offenses, mostly in wartime. Approximately one-third of 22,500 prisoners whose cases were reviewed up to June 30 already al-ready have been freed, and another an-other third will be released within the next year. In addition, more than 32,000 pris oners have been restored to duty before expiration of their sentences. and thus given the opportunity to earn honorable discharges! In about 85 per cent of the cases reviewed, sentences have been shortened and in the remainder no clemency was indicated," Rob erts said. LABOR: WillFisht American labor will "rebel and will never yield" to the attacks now being made on it by reactionaries in congress and state legislatures, William Green, president of the American Federation of Labor, declared de-clared in an address to the conven tion of the International Brother hood of Firemen and Oilers in Chicago Chi-cago recently. American workers are determined to maintain their standards of living liv-ing at any cost Green said. He predicted pre-dicted "rising unrest and strikes" unless prices are brought under controL Green said the AFL would attack the validity of the Hobbs bill in the courts, believing it to be unconstitutional. Labor in many cities has organized organ-ized to bring back price controls on most commodities. TERMINAL PAY: For Nation's EM The terminal leave pay bill for enlisted en-listed men in all of the armed services serv-ices is moving along steadily on Capitol Hill in Washington. It is backed by the administration and appears to have no formidable opposition op-position from any quarter. Cost of the bill is estimated at from 24 billion to 3 billion dollars, and will give enlisted men terminal leave pay such as is now enjoyed onlv bv officers. ENDLESS ARGUMENTS RAGE World Awaits Second Test of Atomic Bomb FIRST BLAST, June 30ih. five ships sunk, nine ship wrecked, forty-Ave ship reported damaged. P THIRD TEST, to be staged next '. year. Predictions ef some who wit- netted 1st test ore that all ships will be sunk within 50 miles of . blast area. By WALTER A. SHEAD WNTJ Correspondent. ABOARD USS APPALACHIAN OPERATIONS CROSSROADS. Second or Baker test of the atomic bomb in Bikini lagoon, now tentatively tenta-tively set for July 25, will be like dynamiting fish in a pond. Lacking will be the glamour of the army air force and precision bombing as the whole thing will be a navy show. The bomb will be submerged some 75 feet beneath the surface In about 30 fathoms of water, 180 feet, and detonated in the midst of the target fleet, which is being regrouped to meet new conditions con-ditions of the test This second test also will lack the drama of the bomb burst and the atomic cloud, which is characteristic characteris-tic of atomic bombs exploded in air. What is likely to happen is that the intense heat will generate steam in the water and the terrific force will expend a part of its energy in a waterspout with a cloud of steam and vapor shooting into the air. Intent In-tent of this test is to measure force of atomic energy upon the hull structure of naval ships spaced at various distances from the center of the explosion. Subs to Submerge. There will not be the visible damage dam-age which was inflicted wholly upon the topsides or superstructures as in the first blast. Since there is to be no ship placed directly above the point of blast, the prediction is being be-ing made freely that no capital ships will be sunk, although lighter craft may be capsized. Another feature of the second blast is the placing of submerged submarines in the target fleet and it will be interesting to note the effect of the bomb force upon the steel hulls of these vessels ves-sels beneath the water. Naval scientists predict that forcw of the underwater blast will create waves of sufficient height, possibly 10 or more feet which will sweep over low-lying Bikini island, although this was also forecast in the first blast and did not materialize. Meantime, endless arguments proceed pro-ceed as to the degree of damage to the ships, the location of the bomb burst whether the drop from the plane was a "near mls," probable loss of life had the ships been manned with full complement and comparative efficiency of this first Bikini bomb as compared to the bombs at Alamogordo, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Precision Bombing. When it Is considered that this bomb was dropped from a height of something like six miles and hit within a 1,000-yard circle, this reporter re-porter would consider that pretty pret-ty good precision bombing. Adm. T. A. Solberg of the bureau bu-reau of ships, however, declared that insofar as he could judge, every ship damaged by the bomb, with the exception of the Independence, could be put into fighting shape within two or three months. For the Independence, battered and ripped apart by explosions of her own torpedoes, her ammunition and aviation gasoline and burning for almost two days, it would take Arkansas May Be Second Target Ship Target ship, or vessel nearest center cen-ter of the blast for the second atomic bomb test may be the overage over-age battleship Arkansas, it has been indicated by reliable sources although al-though no definite announcement has been made by Adm. W. H. P. Blandy, commander of operations crossroads and the joint task force. The carrier Saratoga was first slated to be second target ship. An interesting sidelight on fate of v SECOND BLAST, in.3 .,.: expect a crushing effect en ships' hulls. Great radioactivity In water. ' ; Giant waves to sweep over ships , and island. 1st bomb droppsd by plane. 2nd bomb to be planted ust I under surface of the water. "bathysphere" bomb to xplode at depth ef )ft. about nine months to put her la shape. Also all ships damaged, with the single exception of the Independence, Independ-ence, towed away and anchored far out in the lagoon, likely could have-pulled have-pulled away under their own steam, had they been manned with crews. Study Effects. In the meantime, Bikini lagoon, has been turned into a vast laboratory labora-tory of science, chief interest being be-ing the effect of the bomb and its-subsequent its-subsequent radiological rays upon the live animals placed aboard the-ships the-ships at various locations likely to-be to-be occupied by the men aboard. Amazingly, only about 10 per cent of the animals were killed by the force of the blast. Some are burned and sick and others may betome ill from effects of radioactivity. A a matter of fact, a few already have been destroyed by medical doctors, who are studying this phase of atomic energy in an effort to determine deter-mine how this radioactivity can be used in medicine in treatment of disease. Persons or animals which receive-these receive-these powerful rays into their systems sys-tems are variously affected and the boarding teams upon these ships are preceded by a traind man carrying carry-ing a "Geiger counter," a small box-like apparatus which register radioactivity by a ticking noise. Estimate Losses. A fleet such as those which composed com-posed the target fleet would normal--ly carry approximately 30,000 men. It is reasonable to assume then that approximately 10 per cent or 3,000 men, would have been killed by the atomic bomb blast and that more-would more-would have been injured by radioactivity. radio-activity. Whether much of the damage dam-age to ships caused by subsequent fires aboard could have been averted avert-ed had crews been aboard is a moot question. Some ships captains declare de-clare that damage would have been, much less had the ship fire-fighting equipment been brought Into play, and this seems reasonable In that most of the loss on the Independence Independ-ence was due to fire and explosion and not the bomb blast. There is no attempt however on the part of naval authorities to minimize the terrible power of this atomic bomb. No other single bomb ever did the damage dam-age to a fleet that this one did . . five ships sunk, one completely com-pletely out of commission and approximately 10 others out of action for two months or longer, long-er, and small to negligible damage dam-age done to 10 others. However, another atomic bomb likely would not find 73 ships to make up a helpless ghost fleet grouped conveniently like sitting ducks and whether use of the atomic atom-ic bomb as an offensive weapoa of naval warfare upon ships at sea. Is militarily sound still is a debated debat-ed question and one which the naval evaluation board will study during the next few weeks or months. It must be remembered that whatever what-ever is said about this second bomb test before the actual test is in the realm of conjecture, and much xA the conjecture made prior to the first test did not materialize. the Saratoga, which suffered only negligible damage in the first test, is that her commander, Capt Don-aid Don-aid MacMahon, knowing that she was slated for the second target ship made a wager with friend in Washington, before bringing tho ship to Bikini, that he would take her back to the East coast under her owe power. It looks now tha. he has better than a 50-50 chance of winning bis bet |