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Show THE LEW SUN. LEIII. UTAH . : r T . : -5 r Plan Just and Speedy Trials lor Nazi Bigwigs Allied Commission to Handle Cases of High Leaders; Local Officials to Prosecute Minor Offenders. By BAUKIIAGE News Analyst and Commentator. f m I hhH ft I If ,A u ft ,S WNU Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. The legal profession is about to meet the greatest challenge it has ever faced. The Moscow declaration, published pub-lished November 1, 1943, and signed by President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Min-ister Churchill and Premier Stalin, declares that "those German officers and men and members of the Nazi party" who are responsible for or who have taken a consenting part in "atrocities, evidence of which has been received from authoritative quarters in many countries," will be "tried, Judged and punished" according accord-ing to the laws of those countries. This same declaration also declares de-clares in its final paragraph that "major criminals whose offenses have no particular geographical localization" lo-calization" will be tried and dealt with by "joint decision of the Governments Gov-ernments of the Allies." That is where the United States and the challenge of its legal profession profes-sion comes in. The body which will try these "big shots" is an international military tribunal, to be designated by an official of-ficial title, probably by the time these lines are printed, and it is before be-fore this court that a member of the Supreme court of the United States, Associate Justice Robert H. Jack-con, Jack-con, chosen as American chief of counsel, will appear as prosecutor. He will act jointly, it is presumed, with the counsels of the United Kingdom King-dom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Social-ist Republics. Legal Body Without Precedent Never in history has such a legal body been convened. Never has such a task as the one it has before it been of such potential significance to the social and political well-being of the peoples of the earth never, at least, since the day of a certain Roman Ro-man procurator of Judea in Palestine. Pales-tine. Pontius Pilate was unable to face his responsibility, and finding "that he could prevail nothing, but rather that a tumult was made, he took water, and washed his hands. ..." The United States does not intend to wash its hands of the responsibility responsibil-ity before it. There seems to be a welter of confusion con-fusion as to just what the function of this "military tribunal" is; as to just what, if any, policy has been established by the "Office of the Chief Counsel for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality," which is the title on the letterhead before me. The permanent address of this office is, at this writing, a little uncertain, but it can be reached care of the Pentagon Penta-gon in Washington. Soon it will establish es-tablish foreign headquarters. Despite the confusion, this institution institu-tion has a definite policy and I shall interpret it informally hereunder: (1) We shall avoid "the law's delay" de-lay" which so annoyed Hamlet My reason for this assumption is the fact that Justice Jackson did , not retire from the Supreme court. The fall term of the court begins in October. Already he has made one trip to Europe for the purpose of rounding up key witnesses and documents doc-uments and is now beginning final preparation for the prosecution. His staff has been assembled for several weeks and he has coordinated the other government agepcies interested interest-ed in war crimes (war department, navy department. Office of Strategic Strate-gic Services, and others). Authority for this action is vested in Executive Execu-tive Order 9547 of May 2. 1945, which named Justice Jackson as American Amer-ican prosecutor. Jackson himself said when he was. appointed: "There will be no delay on the part of the United States, and we think undue delay is itself a failure." fail-ure." (2) There is no confusion as to United States policy with respect to the type of offender to be tried. Many individual cases have already been prepared, though not yet announced. As I mentioned earlier, what the United States is concerned with is the big shots, that is Jackson's job to try the men whose offenses are broader than those committed in and against members of any single community. To put it broadly, those charged with crimes against humanity human-ity as a whole. This rules out the persons brought back to the scene of their crimes, the trials of spies and saboteurs which are coming up daily, offenses against American nationals or against Germans, or individual acts of persecution against Jews or others. oth-ers. In other words, Jackson is after big game and he will not be content to fiddle with minor offenses even if committed by major criminals. His job will be to nail those leaders who are responsible for engineering the whole general criminality of the Nazi-Fascist program. The smaller fry will be taken care of by other legal authorities at the scene of the individual crimes or elsewhere. Jackson Versed As Prosecutor f ' , Justice Jackson's reputation and his record are a pretty good guarantee guaran-tee that he will not be stumped by any hurdles that international lawyers might try to put in his way. But that does not mean he will "railroad" the accused. He will not let the trials sink fcelow a dignified dig-nified judicial level. They must be, he says, "trials in fact, not merely trials in name, to ratify a predetermined predeter-mined result." On the other hand, he does not believe that "every step must be taken in accordance with technical common law rules of proof." His record shows that he is a "direct actionist" he can be expected to pull no punches. I said this was the greatest challenge chal-lenge the legal profession had ever faced. I said that because upon the manner in which these trials are conducted will depend just how clearly Naziism will be revealed to the people of the world in its true light. These criminals must convict themselves and their philosophies out of their own mouths. They must not be allowed to stand before the world with their' testimony and that of their accusers as a background, as martyrs to what Jackson himself calls "farcical judicial trials" which rationalize previously settled opinions. opin-ions. This would destroy the confidence con-fidence of the people in the whole case for democracy, he believes. Nor must the case against them be presented pre-sented in such a manner as might give even the skeptical a false suggestion sug-gestion that the enemies of democracy democ-racy have a vestige of right on their side. The small but efficient staff which Justice Jackson hag selected is worth looking over. There is Maj. Gen. William Donovan, Dono-van, colorful World War I hero and successful lawyer, now head of the OSS; Sydney Alderman, a distinguished distin-guished trial lawyer and general solicitor so-licitor of the Southern Railway; Francis Shea, assistant attorney general and well versed in complicated compli-cated litigations; Naval Lts. James Donovan and Gordon Dean. Donovan Dono-van is general counsel of the OSS. Dean, a former assistant attorney general under Jackson when he was head of the department of justice, is a brilliant and successful lawyer who is being transferred from active duty by the navy for the job. There are no hand-washing Pontius Pon-tius Pilates among them. The rise in income payments to individuals in the United States from an annual figure of $66,168,000,000 in the prewar year of 1938 to a record high total of $156,794,000,000 in 1944 was extended during the first quarter quar-ter of 1945, according to the Alexander Alex-ander Hamilton Institute. Income payments during the first three months amounted to $39,825,000,000 this year as against $37,726,000,000 last year, an increase of 5.6 per cent. Income from every source showed expansion. Salaries and wagej rose from $27,357,000,000 to $28,628,000,000, an increase of 4.8 per cent,; while dividends and interest rose' from $2,454,000,000 to $2,770,000,000, an increase in-crease of 12.9 per cent. Although spending by consumers wa3 at a record high rate during the first quarter, it is evident from preliminary information that consumers' con-sumers' income exceeded spending by an amount sufficient not only to meet taxes but to add to consumers' wartime savings, thus increasing the threat of inflation when peace returns. BARBS by B a ukhage The government has sold the camp in New Jersey seized from the German-American Bund. It will be made into a boys' camp not a concentration con-centration camp. Some German business men recently re-cently asked the American military governor of one of their cities how to make out an application for a loan to rebuild the town. Field Marshal Mannerheim, commander com-mander of the Finns in their wars with Russia, congratulated Stalin on his victory over Germany in 73 words. Stalin replied in 19. The British Broadcasting company says it has proved during the war that telling the truth can be mort effective than calculated lying. May be Goebbels was wrong after all. WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS WWBM a Mac Arthur Braves Fire on Borneo; Predict Another Bumper Harvest; 1 1 Pare Army Budget to 39 billion Released by Western Newspaper Union. (irniTOR'H NOTE: When Dlnlona m.wm nnru i ih... aolumns. tne rs mmm . Westers Newspaper Union's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) V Ac t Wrf m: h ft Taking off time from arduous duties In the Pacific, 2nd marine division divi-sion vets stage mud fight In rest camp, with the game calling for one aide to put the other out of the gooshy pit. . Boys will be boys, so rugged marine in foreground tries to hold opponent under mud. PACIFIC: Mac'sf Show "He'll do for me!" Thus spoke toughened Australian vets from Tobruk and El Alamein upon seeing swank Gen. Douglas MacArthur swagger up a battered macadam beach road to the front of a column exploiting an Allied landing in British North Borneo. Per usual, "Mac" was the whole show during his inspection of the op erations, which further cut off the Japs from the material resources of their early conquests. As cool as a cucumber, the general stood his ground during an exchange of small arms fire while his aides dived for cover, and his shirt remained dry while those of his companions dripped from tropical sweat With Australians heading the charge inland after heavy U. S. and Aussie aerial and naval bombardment bom-bardment had driven the Japs from beach positions, Allied troops were well on their way to conquest of the third biggest island in the world. with the latest landing supplement-ins supplement-ins a previous invasion of the southeastern coast Emergency Powers Quickened by the destructive American aerial raids on Japan and the gradual U. S. advance to the home Islands, the embattled embat-tled empire's powers - that be called upon the enemy diet (parliament) to relinquish its powers to the war cabinet for government by decree during "the most critical situation in the history of the nation." Although Emperor Hirohito himself supported the move, diet members debated the measure with vigor, seeking to assure themselves that any surrender of authority was only of a temporary tem-porary nature. As a sop, Premier Pre-mier Suzuki declared that the diet would set up a committee to confer with the cabinet on war measures. Designed to permit the cabinet cabi-net to act quickly to relieve damage caused by Allied operations, opera-tions, the government's program coincided with tfie establishment of Independent administrations in all of the home islands in the event of their isolation during forthcoming campaigns. CROP OUTLOOK: 'Above Average Because most of the intended acreage will be planted and early season gains have not been offset by recent bad weather, the U. S. can look forward to another bumper food harvest in 1945, the department of agriculture reported. Volume of crops is expected to be "well above average" despite one of the coldest Mays on record, with deleterious rains in some sections sec-tions being matched by local drouths in the southwest and dry weather in the southeast. With an indicated winter wheat crop of 729,255,000 bushels and a spring wheat harvest of 287,397,000, the total of 1,084,652,000 bushels would represent the largest ever produced, USDA said. Oats and hay production should be above average and rye output good. A record crop of early Irish potatoes was forecast along with another bumper harvest of fruits and vegetables. Pushed to the limit whenever weather permitted, the corn crop is two-thirds planted, USDA said, with the grain lacking color in Iowa and other states affected by cold and wetness. Car Shortage With winter wheat harvesting well underway and local grain elevators chock full, the southwest is suffering suffer-ing from a critical shortage of freight cars to move the bumper crop. As a result, many farmers farm-ers have been compelled to dump the wheat on the ground. 'Unable to create the usual reserve re-serve of from 20,000 to 30,000 freight cars on elevator sidings because be-cause of the heavy war traffic, railroads rail-roads are striving to relieve the transport pinch by pressing gondolas gon-dolas and stock and refrigerator cars into service. With the redeployment of men and materials through this country for the Pacific war coming on top of the switch of the bulk of transport trans-port from the east to the longer west coast lines, the carriers" problems prob-lems will be especially complex this year. CANADA: Election Returns Canadian Prime Minister for 18 of the last 24 years, stubby MacKenzie King led his Liberal party to a decisive victory in the dominion's general elections, with a coalition of the Independent Liberals assuring his forces of a majority ma-jority in the parliament parlia-ment of 245 members. mem-bers. Return of King and his party served as a vote of approval approv-al for their stand on largely maintaining the dominion's over- MacKenzie King seas army on a volunteer basis, while John Bracken and his Progressive Conservative forces' comparatively poor showing tended to repudiate their advocacy of conscripting men for the war against the Japanese. While the Liberals and ProgreS' sive Conservatives ran one-two in the heated race, the Cooperative Commonwealth federation trailed far behind, with CCF Chieftain-M. J. Coldwell attributing the lag "out of confusion created by the com munists." ARMY BUDGET: ' Cut 25 In a budget that reflected reduced needs following V-E Day, stretch ing of some expenditures over a period pe-riod of two years, and conservative contracting in the face of uncertain ty over the duration of the Pacific war, Pres. Harry S. Truman called for an appropriation of 39 billion dollars for the war department for "the fiscal year ending in June, 1946. Based upon the reduction of the army from 8,320,000 men to 6,968, 000, the new budget is 25 per cent smaller than the current one of 52 billion dollars. In- addition to covering the financing fi-nancing of the war against Japan for the year beginning July 1, the budget also provides for expendi tures for munitions and equipment to be delivered through December, 1946, and for heavier .types of air craft due in June, 1947. Whereas contracts for material heretofore have exeeeded expenditures, it is now planned they will balance, thus avoiding the creation of huge back' logs in the event of a sudden end to the Pacific conflict Test Ultraviolet Lamps in Schools Control of epidemics of measles, chickenpox and mumps by the installation in-stallation of germ-killing ultraviolet ray lamps in classrooms is being tried on an experimental basis by the New York State department of health. The decision to begin the study with some of the large central rural schools was based on the fact that schools of this type, which are a relatively recent development have been found to play a major role rural areas in the spread or communicable diseases of hood. Tests to determine the bacterial contamination of the air in repre sentative rooms with and without ultraviolet lights will be made, ultraviolet light intensity and tericidal activity of the lamps also be studied periodically. in the child The bac- will EUROPE: Map Reparations Use of Germany's resources, both human and material, for restoration of war damage, came to the fore with an American delegation'! flight to Moscow to discuss war repara tions with Russia and Britain, Kevnotine the U. S. viewpoint be fore taking off for the -Red capital as the American delegation! head. Oil Operator Edwin W. Pauley of Beverly Hills, Calif., declared that the Allies cannot make the same mistake of World War I, of loaning the Germans money to rebuild their industries so as to produce goods in return for reparations. Asserting that such a policy only enabled the Germans to reestablish their great industrial machine, Pauley said that this time the Allies must seek to divert their energies to other channels, indicating acceptance accept-ance of Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau's proposal for convert ing the- country into primarily an agrarian state. Since Pauley said that the U. 5. does not expect to receive appreciable appreci-able reimbursement for its war costs, heavy American demands are regarded as a trading point for moderating astronomical claims of the other! Allies. France alone has asked for reparations totalling 40 billion dollars. Love at First Sight To James Augustus Cooper, 101, and Mrs. Julia Wespatet, 62, it was love at first sieht, with the old Civil war vet married to the plump little widow in Kacme, Wis,, after a six-week romance. tY $- -5 J Mr. and Mrs. Cooper sample wedding wed-ding cake. Said the new Mrs. Cooper: . .Its lonesome living alone, and besides, he's still very active for his age." Replied the beaming bridegroom: "You're durn toolin'. I cut 14 trees since yesterday morning. . . . Fourteen children, which my women bore unto me, are dead and buried, but I'm still kickin'. I always say it was the first 100 years that were the hardest.'' VET CARE: Called Inadequate With a spokesman asserting that the veterans administration presently present-ly designed to handle the cases of 5,000,000 men may have to eventually eventual-ly attend to 18,000,000, the American Legion joined with the Veterans of Foreign Wars in calling for a general gen-eral overhauling of the whole bureau bu-reau to furnish efficient and adequate ade-quate service. Chief complaint, of both organizations organiza-tions was in the care afforded G.I.s at vet hospitals, with both groups reporting overcrowding, staff shortages, short-ages, low salaries and red tape in many instances. With care found inadequate in 47 per cent of the centers, cen-ters, standards of vet hospitals only compared with those of state, county coun-ty and municipal institutions in the localities. With Gen. Omar Bradley taking over as veterans administrator,' the Legion and VFW proposed a comprehensive com-prehensive program for correcting present conditions, asking for increased in-creased ed capacity in vet hospitals; more authority for hospital directors to procure sufficient help and supplies; sup-plies; more intelligent segregation of patients to promote speedier recovery; re-covery; swift and unprejudiced handling han-dling of complaints, and replacement replace-ment of army personnel with civilians civil-ians or establishment of army personnel per-sonnel on a civilian basis. BUND: Chiefs Freed Sentenced to five years' imprisonment imprison-ment by a federal district court for conspiring to advise members of the organization to evade the draft 24 officials of the German - American Bund were freed by the Supreme court on the grounds that the government gov-ernment failed to prove their guilt within the meaning of the draft law. Though the defendants were convicted con-victed on charges of conspiracy to distribute copies of a bund command com-mand asserting that the selective selec-tive service law infringed their rights and they should refuse military mili-tary duty if they could,' the high tribunal ruled that the evidence was insufficient to establish their guilt Writing a dissenting opinion. Chief Justice Stone declared the conclusion con-clusion "seems inescapable that petitioners . . . counseled evasion of military service, and that the jury's verdict is therefore' sustained by the evidence. ..." FARM TRUCKS The office of surplus property of the department of commerce has announced that periodical surveys will be made throughout the country to determine areas where trucks are urgently needed to prevent impairment impair-ment of farm production. These areas will be allocated reasonable quantities of avaUable surplus trucks under a sales agreement with dealers that they will resell only to farmers and farm cooperative associations, asso-ciations, within the designated areas with required certificates. MOT Washington, D. C. GOOP BOMBS' HIT JAPAN WASHINGTON. The inside story of how the army and navy are burning burn-ing up Japan's main cities, bloct by block, may now be revealed at least in part The two greatest contributions to the burning of Japan are the B-29 and a new, still somewhat mysterious mysteri-ous fire-bomb known as the "goop bomb." Just how the "goop bomb" got its name isn't known. However, it's the most terrible fire spreader spread-er in the world. Part of its secret is an oily mush developed by petroleum petro-leum chemists. This makes the contents con-tents of the bombs stick In gluelike gobs to anything it hits, making it almost impossible for Japanese firefighters fire-fighters to scrape it loose. However, what really made the bomb the most terrible In the world was experiments carried car-ried out by some of Henry Kaiser's Kai-ser's West coast scientists. They found Kaiser had a surplus of fast burning, white-hot magnesium magne-sium production on his hands, and they also knew one of the greatest difficulties in making magnesium is its high explosive content. So they experimented ' with mixing magnesium dust In the oil of the bomb. This magnesium .dust lights up in a searing blaze as soon as it comes in contact with air. Result is the hottest fire ever known. Most important effect of the "goop bomb" Is that no known fire-fighting equipment can douse its flames. Water Wa-ter only adds to the blaze; as do any of the other specialized fire-fighting fire-fighting chemicals. All the Japs do now against the "goop bomb" is to try to confine the area in which It burns, not put it out This Is one reason for increasing increas-ing optimism about an early end of the Jap war. - CONTINUED CENSORSHIP With the European war over, everyone ev-eryone expected press censorship to ease up. In some respects, however, how-ever, especially in the Pacific, it is getting tougher. Not only are newspapers barred from even speculating regarding certain international phases of the Pacific war, but the navy for some weird reason hushed up the bombing of the airplane carrier Franklin from April 26, when she got to New York, to May 17, when the disaster dis-aster finally was announced. There were obvious reasons for keeping the news quiet while the ship was en route through the Panama canaL But once it passed the canal and was safely tied up in New York, all danger was past however, the navy still invoked censorship. ' AMERICA'S NO. ONE HEEL Former OPA Administrator Leon Henderson is a sad man these days. Every time he picks up the newspapers, news-papers, he reads story after story telling how Washington has given some manufacturer permission to produce again. Henderson recalls how:he gained the reputation of being '"America's No. 1 heel," by cutting down the American civilian consumption to almost al-most zero. j "If I could only change all that," moans Henderson. "If the President would only give me a job for one week just one short week in which I could give the people back some of the things I took away from them. 'Then folks wouldn't think I'm such a bad guy after all." DIPLOMATIC CHAFF C South Africa's prime minister Jan Christian Smuts seldom speaks but when he does, every one listens. C Jan Masaryk, Czechoslovakia's foreign minister, has been the most effective go-between in conciliating Russian-western differences. CSen. Glenn Taylor of Idaho has used only five gallons of gas since arriving in Washington an example which could be emulated by a lot of other bigwigs. L Secret service Is on the traU of a counterfeiting ring which has circulated cir-culated hundreds of thousands of spurious one dollar bills. . . . They all bear the same serial number, are considered one of the cleverest jobs recently pulled. C One reason General Eisenhower and his staff have been so upset about congressmen visiting the battle bat-tle zones is that when the Germans counterattacked last December, the Nazis sent a powerful paratroop force to take the little town of Cernay. Had they landed one week earlier to the hour, they would have captured the entire house military affairs committee delegation delega-tion then in France. . Correspondents refer to Secretary of State Stettinius as "Junior." C Wives of some conference delegates dele-gates are having a field day buying clothes. one woman marched into the hat section of a department store, grabbed up 40 chapeaux wit-out wit-out even trying them all on. C. The navy department has done a bang up job convincing delegates of America's military might ... The navy takes delegates on blimp ri.is boat rides, and airplane tours of West coast navy installation, ,how- St hana. enCa'S i pi trfT:ii vmm i i sJ&.ruii GD-RUIP DRtVi PtAJtSOH ni aW I ... Telegram: "Poetlc j I dramatic reversal of the BJ trial Goering prosecuted Dim troff in the frame.up J Dimitroff fpr starting the fcj fire. And today DimitroS i ! 1 . V; ' woenng w A Russian foio.rat. . .. '6"w to tne ty Conference wa . ' some light on the muddled si l?8 (f,a flexed ii 1st) before Chiang "technicall signed his premiership "But why." asked the wri unity so hard to establish in j if both the Chungking Gov! Communist guerrilla forces 4 destroy the Japanese?" I "Perhaps it is best explaii saying that it is an old custl Chiang to fight the Commil replied the delegate, "and such love for ancient insti that he will not look at th moon, out of respect for tit one." . British soldiers who witnpcJ capture of Lord Haw Haw ga tne Ingush equivalent of the cheer, pne yelled derisively: ' take a look at Lord Hw.w,. man who brayed like a dori Another Tommy (in the standing at ease) eomia "That reminds me of tho ti the donkey-cart drivers in 3 went on strike. They sent a A tion to 10 Downing strept si man who was spokesman toll nie: 'We're going to stay off s until you do something abou fellow in Berlin, named Lore Haw. Our donkeys have been ing to his broadcasts, and; every jackass thinks he can radio commentator!' " According to the best-infd gossip, Joe Davies' flying trie Churchill was for the pum! soft-pedaling the anti-Soviet teria which has been emam from the London-Washington line in recent weeks. Capitol f cos have dug deep into "the g what-for" basket. In a disni between two Administration I tors, one remarked: "I doubt if vies will be as successful p Churchill as he has been Uncle Joe.' " "Don't worry," counselled other. "Davies is a wise and is man. Trouble with most ci; diplomats is that we appoint! to avert situations which would! er occur if they weren't our I mats in the first place." I it's When about to bury HimmS said that a British soldi assigned to the job speculated Ironic vein: "Don't yoo tttf sereeant. that we ought to P some touching tribute to the ceased?" "Yes, indeed," mused the tf kick. "I will now say '( words," and he began: "H Lord, we are now delivering to you" at which stopped by one mies, who Bpa " - j get 'im underground, 'e sma awful!" I To which the sergeam "What do VOU p from a skunk perfume!" point ne l of tne ji mm- "Lei The Love Letters of o Columi In a broadcast from Tokyo,! other day (heard by the FCOJ Mikadomei News Agency he praises on Joe Stalin for his erful leadership based on M Ism," which "finally overcanj danger of defeat far greater l the one facing tne ja-; present" tho Hem was carried fc Russian press, it was the cause, irnnia .nmment bv the o , BUluc &AViuf " - j t . Mrth Muscovites. One n beard was overheard tetam "When the fox begins to rooster, and tells him he is i bird, the rooster had better ready to fly for his life-Out life-Out of a long, painful ope Abraham Lincoln wrote B .t-lu .11 nf US 0Uil- -on t t,.rfv: "If I tried to ' much less answer, all the criW made of me and all the ' leveled against me, this i otoct have to be closed for all -other ness. I do the best I too bo . . T mean w ery Dest i cau. - j on doing this, down to the WJ If the end brings me u . - K then 10 angels swearing right would make no . -n r then what is said will not amount to anythS- -m. roinf It's tne latest - . si A subway strap-hanger J ing long nu ir. who was sitting down- The i who was being stareu - ,j j uncomfortable under ; stare. Finauy aid: "You musi v at you so hard, but if lor the moustache yu exactly like my wife. a: The man sitting haven't got a mJJe " The strap-hunger but my wife t" rWes kiewe I in, ' certain si ioo,t :uvia hi to : ioomi :i i fi da-' lie sor lighter 1 lywoi Hutt stan .Ifieli Bai Kiss film i we I M as 1 to i Bunt S P to ei She put h lane : ire co- o the The ( jwesca ser fa. Ba )id ete Ty tor, a rol and C M the a a t ;r hus 'eVir pyea as vi o gel swa ib t ' woi aand P on i am 'aks s is i a pshoi fhe'i Jltnt ern PUq itta( hat iiel He :ttai to I Si 11 pant Pie: f1 r F ft "1 |