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Show 1 ...j- - -. ... ,.rr...-J.j! .i "- I with an Ind cated yieia oi i n r-3-rzm.Si I ' i U. 1 Businessmen Try To Define Free Enterprise Chamber of Commerce Officials Inaugurate Education Campaign Designed to Teach Specific Phase of Democracy. H .-Ml .15 By BAUKIIAGE News Analyst and CommenUtlor. W'NU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D.C, In the last few weeks In Washing ton and in London, too, tor that matter there has been a crescendo demand for an explanation of our foreign policy, and it Is reported that a similar cry is going up from the soldiers at the front What are we fighting for? Secretary Hull attempted an an wer not too satisfactory to his critics. There will be further official efforts at elucidation. But at least one brass-tacks institution whose headquarters is in Washington has come to the conclusion that before we can understand what we are fighting for, we must have a better understanding of what we think we want to fight for. Everybody on the allied side claims that democracy is the common ground upon which all stand but there is considerable difference as to how each one defines democracy. Leaving the broader international aspects for a moment, I want to report a unique campaign of educa tion whose purpose is to find out Just what is meant by one specific phase of democracy about which we near a great deal, namely, "free enterprise." This organized effort is being promulgated by the one group whose members use that term most frequently. And, as their leaders admit, fre quently don't know its meaning and often do not even subscribe to It the United States Chamber of Com-merce. Com-merce. Before me, I have a document from which I want to quote five lines: "Said one newspaperman to another: Td fall dead if I found a businessman who wasn't in favor of free enterprise.' "Replied the other: 'I'd fall dead if I found a businessman who really wanted it.' " The document quoted from is not a communist pronouncement it is "The Economic Sentinel" printed by the United States Chamber of Commerce, Com-merce, and it Is just part of an edu-,. edu-,. cational effort on the part of this body of businessmen, whose objective ob-jective is (I'm quoting from another pamphlet published by the Chamber of Commerce) : "To develop in every community commu-nity a group of leaders who really understand, and who can explain and who can convincingly convinc-ingly advocate the economic system sys-tem of free, private, competitive compet-itive enterprise, or to put it another way, American enterprise." enter-prise." An Important Discovery The campaign of education among the Chamber's own members has been going on for some time but the general public didn't realize what was happening until they heard Eric Johnston, the president of the chamber, make a speech early in March, copies of which, I am told, are still in great demand. Mr. Johnston criticized labor but lor every one of the "seven deadly wnich he said labor had com sins" mitted, he confessed a parallel sin committed by business. Johnston, in making this speech and in his subsequent writings and utterances, is practicing what his organization has been preaching in the campaign they are now carrying carry-ing en through the chamber's department de-partment of governmental affairs in Washington. They provide a program which their local chapters can follow, telling tell-ing hew to organize discussion groups, which they point out, should Include public officials, ministers, professional men and women and believe it or not they strongly recommend the (paid) assistance of a college professor. The purpose is the understanding of that democratic demo-cratic principle free enterprise. It was from the document compiled com-piled by one of these doctors of philosophy. Dr. V. 0. Watts, economic eco-nomic counsel of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, for such group guidance from which I was quoting. For and Against U confession is good for the seuL the soul of business in Olympia, Washington (where the quoted leel ture was given), must be hale and hearty after hearing Dr. Watts de clare: "A city chamber of commerce opposes restrictions which neighboring neigh-boring towns sometimes place on deliveries of merchandise by city merchants and truckers. Yet the same organization is likely to help erect similar barriers bar-riers against out-of-state or out-of-town enterprise which might compete with its own industries or merchants. "Businessmen dislike restrictive restric-tive policies of farmers and labor la-bor unions. Yet many of them say that free competition among themselves would be ruinous. So they lobby for measures meas-ures to restrict business competi- . tion and to legalize price-fixing by government or by their own erganlzations. ' "Chambers of commerce frequently fre-quently Join the clamor, for uneconomic un-economic local projects of the state or federal government on the ground that 'other places are getting theirs; why shouldn't we get ours?' Such chamber of commerce com-merce socialism leads to increased in-creased tax burdens which correspondingly cor-respondingly restrict markets and jobs in free enterprise." This is the kind of strong medi cine which the United States Cham ber of Commerce recommends tin average American to absorb so tha "free enterpise" may be under stood. Here is another sample o straight-from-the-shoulder talk: "Recent corrosions of economic eco-nomic liberty in the United States are not due to the efforts of a few communists or fascists. Instead they chiefly come from the fact that so many of us care only about our own liberties' and are indifferent or even hostile to possession of similar liberties by others of our fellow citizens. In fact, for a momentary gain in higher prices, higher wage rates or government favors, many of us are willing even to sell our own freedom." I wish I might quote further bu space does not permit it for it goe without saying that real "free enter prise," its virtues and its benefits are expounded in great detail. Bu this is enough to show you a sui prising degree oi irankness, a re markable willingness to think. It i something when the very people wh often are loudest in their accusa tion that "free enterprise" is bein, destroyed by Tom, Dick, Harry John (Lewis) et alia, are willin; to admit that they, themselves, ma; be enemies of ' free, competitiv enterprise. Hitting the Trail When Eric Johnston arose and de clared that labor and managemen must "hit the sawdust trail to gether," he started something. Bu actually he was only carrying oi something which his organization -I don't know whether he was th chicken or the egg had alread; started. It is a process by whicl businessmen (and in businessmen the farmer Is deluded for he is i mighty important part of the Amerl can free enterprise system) can ge an understanding of what the Ameri can system of economic democrac; really is and then see whether the; are really supporting this Americai system or not. I have no idea how successful Mi Johnston and his colleagues will b but I know some of them are et thusiastic enough to believe that h has rendered a service which make him eligible as a contender for th Job of keynoter at the Republica National convention in June an-some an-some are even optimistic enough t provide themselves with curr; combs Just in case they might b called upon to groorn a dark hors for the presidential race. Bu politics aside, there is caus for rejoicing when anybody sets ou to try to define at least one phas of the thing we are supposed to b fighting for and to do some thinkin about it As Leonard Read, generi manager of the Los Angeles Chare ber of Commerce, said just a fet weeks ago: "We have come to the conclusio that the best contribution we ca make to the thinking In our cour try is to improve our own thinking.' Amen to tnat. Nazis Tighten Lines on Russian Front To Strengthen West Against Invasion; Hull Appeals for Unity on Peace Aims; Jap Forces Peril Indian Supply Bases (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions art expresses' In thes columns, they are those of western Newspaper Union's news analysts and not necessarily oi mis newapupcr. Released by Western Newspaper Union. S5W f ' f yt -.f -, 4 t ,v, 'V''v ; j ? '.- Burma Lull in fighting on Burma front finds U. S. Major Graham Batchelor of Milledgevillo, Ga., dining with Chinese troops, chopsticks. rice-bowl and all. PACIFIC: On Run, on Go , On the run in the Pacific, Jap forces remained on the go in India thrusting forward toward the Assam-Bengal railroad supplying Lieut. Gen. Joseph Stilwell's U. S. Chinese troops in northern Burma With U. S. forces closing in from the west, the Japs abandoned the northern and southern coasts of New Britain and fell back toward l.LLj&&iJ Srv nil sfe , 1 Gen. Stilwell and Adm. Mountbatten the once busy enemy base of Rabaul on the northeastern tip of the island for a last ditch stand. At the same time, U. S. naval fliers continued to bombard the Japs' outposts in the Carolines. As the Japs pressed on the Assam Bengal railway in India, they sev ered the network of highways feed ing'Adm. Louis Mountbatten's Brit ish and Indian troops in the battle zone, forcing their supply by air in the mountainous jungle area. DRAFT: Take Younger Men Delay ranging from a few days to 90 days in the induction of men over 26 was forecast as the result of orders or-ders to local boards to postpone the drafting of registrants in this age group and rush the processing of those under 26, to meet the services' demands for younger men. Following exhaustion of the pool of men under 26, those from 26 to 29, and 30 and over will be next in the order of induction, with fathers granted special consideration in all cases where other factors, such, as employment In essential occupation, are equal. Meanwhile, congress studied proposals to push 1,000,000 4Fs into war work, by formation of compulsory labor battalions when 4Fs refuse to accept necessary jobs. The navy needs 400,000 men by September 1 to reach its goal of 3.600,000, and it will require 50,000 to 75,000 monthly after that to main tain full strength. Its objective of 7,700,000 men already attained, the army needs from 75.000 to 100,000 men monthly for replacements. BRIEFS . . .by Baukhage U. S. expenditures for war rmr. poses hit a new high in February $7,808,000,000. as compared with $7,416,000,000 in January, an increase in-crease of 5.3 per cent The cabinet of Premier Kldeki Tojo has decided to postpone the elections of prefectural town ard village vil-lage assemblymen for one year until September, 1945. Approximately H of the 112.00 people of Japanese ancestry evact ated from the West coast to reloci tion centers two years ago are no living and supporting themselve outside the centers. From 90.000 to 120,000 gallons c water must be distilled every da on a modern battleship for use r- tne men and machinery. SUPREME COURT: Labor Decisions In three far reaching decisions af fecting labor, the Supreme court ruled: 1. That under the National Labor Relations act, an employer must deal with a union designated as a collec tive bargaining agent, and not with individual members of the union who have not formally renounced it 2. That the National Labor Rela tions board can order an employer to bargain collectively with a union that has lost a majority of its membership mem-bership during negotiations. 3. That under the 13th amendment and the anti-peonage act no man could be held for criminal action if he failed to fulfill his promise of going go-ing to work after receiving money. The court . declared that the com-plainant com-plainant should have other legal recourse re-course in such cases. EUROPE: Straighten Lines Thousands of U. S. and British bombers thundered over Belgium and France to pound rail and canal routes serving the channel coast as the zero hour for the invasion neared, while the harassed enemy straightened his lines in the east for a last ditch defense of the Balkans. Big formations of the AAF and RAF joined in bombarding the Germans' Ger-mans' communications lines in Bel gium and France in an effort to im pair their usefulness for shifting Nazi armies to the different sectors where the Allies may land invasion forces. Factories turning out war weapons for the enemy's military macnine also were blasted as swarms of Nazi fighter planes rose to challenge the attackers. Taking up their positions along side of Rumanian soldiers now fighting fight-ing on their own soil, the Germans surrendered their last foothold in the Russian Ukraine, while farther to the southeast, Red troops threat ened Nazi lines in the Crimea, the huge chunk of land jutting into the President Saved sea tuiu guaruing we water route to the eastern Balkans. Nazi Aim ! ... , .... - Defensive action aimed at a negotiated nego-tiated peace is in back of the heads of the German leadership, compe' tent military authorities agree, as the Nazis shorten their lines in Rus- sia and build up strength in the west against an invasion. By pulling in their lines in Russia and mobilizing . Rumania, Hungary and the Baltic states, the Germans can defend their new positions with less men, while still offering stiff resistance to the Reds. Behind the extensive concrete and steel fortifications in the west, the Lrermans are estimated to have 75U.UUU troops in France and the low countries and 450,000 in the Balkans. In addition, the Nazis are mt0 custody, where he complained said to have another 750,000 troops 8 recent law prohibiting Mexican AGRICULTURE: Wheat Prospects With an Indicated yield of 12.8 bushels per acre, the U. S. department depart-ment of agriculture predicted a 1944 winter wheat crop of 601,759,000 bushels, 72,153,000 more than last year's production. Western Kansas and the adjoining wheat sections of Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Colorado benefited most from recent rain, the precipitation precipita-tion offsetting a moisture deficiency of last fall. Nebraska, however, still was reported in need of rainfall to perk weakened plants. Frequent rains or snows gave the crop producing areas of the country the wettest March since 1922, the department said, delaying farm work in nearly all states. Farm Values Up Average prices of farm land in the U. S. were pushed up 15 per cent in the year ending March 1, the department of agriculture reports, with values now 38 per cent above the 1935-39 figures and sales of land are more numerous than during 1919. Much of the acreage is going into "active-farmer ownership" it was stated. More than half the sales were for cash. Some buyers resold for a quick profit, but the majority of purchasers purchas-ers are seeking additional land for planting. Compared with the 1935-39 averages, values have increased almost al-most three-fifths in the East-South-Central states and more than two-fifths two-fifths in the South Atlantic, Mountain Moun-tain and Pacific states. POLITICS: Dewey Boomed Growing strength of Gov. Thomas E. Dewey, N. Y., as the favorite for the Republican presidential nomination nomina-tion in June, and the strong showing made by' Gen. Douglas MacArthur for the position in the Illinois GOP primary, highlight political talk. Of equal interest however, is President Roosevelt's continued pop ularity in the Democratic party, reflected re-flected in his capture of the Wisconsin Wiscon-sin convention delegates, and his heavy vote in the Nebraska preferential prefer-ential primaries. Governor Dewey's candidacy boomed sky-high in the Wisconsin primaries, when 18 convention dele, gates pledged to him won handily over the field. In the Nebraska pri- maries, approximately 15,000 voters expressed their favoritism for him by writing in his name on the ballot Running strongly in the rural dis tricts, General MacArthur polled over 450,000 votes in the Illinois primaries. MEXICO: As Mexico's President Manuel Avila Camacho stepped from his automobile in the courtyard of the executive ex-ecutive offices in Mexico City, a 30- year-old army lieu tenant strode toward him. As the two men approached each other, the lieutenant suddenly whipped out a revolver and fired point-blank at the president but the bullet merely ripped through the coat and vest of the president with out wounding him. Quickly overpowered by Camaphn himself, the lieutenant was taken President Camacho MISCELLANY: MEAT: Number of cattle and hogs slaughtered in federally inspected plants reached an all time high for the month of March. QUEEN BEE: A London radio engineer en-gineer has devised an electronic apparatus ap-paratus to identify a queen bee from among 50,000 ordinary bees. It is only necessary that the queen be daubed with a speck of radio-active material. in reserve for quick dispatch to threatened areas. Planning economical use of these troops behind tough defensive barriers, bar-riers, with the advantage of short communications lines, the Germans hope to wear down Allied resistance and receive moderate peace terms. FOREIGN POLICY: Hull Explains because Kussia's annexation of parts of Finland, Rumania and Po land and all of the Baltic states might be essential to prevent pre-vent future aggres sion and establish world security, such action would not be contrary to the objectives ob-jectives of the Atlantic At-lantic Charter, Sec- . retary of State Cor-dell Cor-dell Hull declared. to explaining the CordeU Hull significance of the Auantic Charter. Hull said: "It (the 1 army officers from attendins church in uniform. Later in trying to escape es-cape from guard, the assailant was felled with gunfire. As the news of the attempted as sassination stirred the emotional Mexican populace, Camacho calmly warned against turbulence, declaring: declar-ing: "I wish you to see this an incident possibly caused by a sole individual or at the most a small group . . . Under no circumstances must we divide the Mexican nation We must continue our effort for the conservation of its unity." RUM: Admit Old Stocks ' Because restrictions aeainst im portation into the U. S. u,,m . help to divert alcohol to the synthetic syn-thetic rubber or other war industries, indus-tries, the War Production board lifted lift-ed all bans against the shipment of rum three years old or older into country. As a result it is ptmax ... 2.000,000 gallons of the rum will h charter) is not a code of law from imported from Cuba? ST jT which detailed answers to every maica and othr - C'. Ja" question can be distilled by painstak- Heavy rum produdnr Tw"" bjg analysis of its words and Puerto Rico and the Virg" Tsw! phrases. It points the direction in will not h Islands which solutions are to be sought ... the U. S. regulates ZV J SU1Ce What is fundamental is the objec- of bevera J VZS' :Prduction tives of the charter Unity among the U. S., Britain, Russia and China is the key to future fu-ture world peace, Hull said, and dissension dis-sension among these powers can only wreck postwar stability. POPULATION The south and west sections of the country have gained more than 24 million people as a result of wartime movements of military and civilian personnel Meanwhile, the north central and northeastern states lost 450,000. Natural increase during dur-ing these two years added 2,101,225 bringing the estimated total to iaa. 770,500. The census bureau also reported re-ported that of 29 states gaining population, pop-ulation, Virginia. Florida. Arizona. ' beverage cane SDirits in . , tories and possessions. Since the rum affected h v, order was manufactured before th! present emphasis on volume sales and lighter grades, it is of high gJS ity. the WPB said. qual" CIVILIAN GOODS To prevent a drain on manpower in war industrial centers, the W Production board froze production oi civilian goods at the level of the last three months in 183 labor shortage areas throughout the country Reflecting the chanein., ' . warfare, the WPB stfsVTa"1 duction of heavy artill and gun carriage to top'S y ' One effect of the order freezing production of civilian ?ezm Simnntime in Manhattan Streets coated with glistening rain while puddles are polka-dotted with raindrops . . , Baseball gab invad- in. mar dialogues ... The welt sharpened notes of warbling birds giving happiness a sound track . . . Islands of defeat scattered around town where sunshine only magnines its poverty ... A gray-eyed sky clearing the thunder in its throat and displaying its white-fanged lightning . . . Plavful breezes juggling tne an pfont weathervane atop St. Paul's Cathedral ... The shy rustle of balmy winds caressing faces with Invisible baby fingers. The Hudson River cobwebbed with streaks of gleaming sunlight . . . Shon windows glowing with Spring finery composing visual poetry of vivid hues . . . Sunrise lighting a fiery dawn on the stub of a warm night . . . Brisk winds brushing the last few dead leaves from trees as nature weaves its annual green gown around them . . . Relaxed humans anchored to park benches allowing contentment to find a home In their spirits ... A soldier strolling stroll-ing with his girl . . . Workers eagerly sipping lungs full of antiseptic anti-septic air before plunging into sub way dungeons . . . The everlasting beauty of twilight balanced on th fingertips of a departing day. The Magic Lanterns: "See Here, Private Hargrove" is loaded with familiar comedy gags, but it's got so doggone much good feeling that you skip the stencils. Besides, it's got a pair of likable lads Robert Walker and Keenan Wynn as the rookies, and Donna Reed as the lookie . . . "The Fighting Seabees," means to be a back-slap for that useful arm of the military, but sometimes some-times the praise gets gibbery. The thing is too Hollywood-flavored to look like war ... "The Heavenly Body" does not refer to Hedy La-marr, La-marr, who's in it. The title comes from Wm. Powell's monkeying with the stars. Sometimes the going gets funny, but too often you can almost hear Powell's suspenders give from the strain of carrying the frail tale . . . "Tunisian Victory," action shots by the USA and British cameras, cam-eras, records some lovely shots of the Rats on the run, than which there is nothing more entertaining. It's simple to spot a debater on a radio forum who has lost the argument argu-ment . . He's the first to lose his temper . . . Have a nifty Innovation: Innova-tion: The recordings of Dorothy Parker's witty monologs by stage stars . . . Some critics objected to a fine film, "The Purple Heart," because, be-cause, they complained, it made us hate Japs . . . All right, doctor. 1 U go quietly . . . Add invitations to murder: Swingsters who mangle the gay "Oklahoma" lilts ... The war film, "Tunisian Victory," is the best yet. Keeps you sitting on the eage oi your suspense . . . Variety reports that Movieburg is losing Interest In-terest in bandleaders "because they lack acting ability" ... Sure took wooa a long time to find it out ... If the film biz depended on acting act-ing ability-Hollywood would hav nly one actorSpencer T. Ge.d to see Fred Allen climbing to the popularity surveys . . . He's ene radio jester who makes an honest hon-est stab at trying something original . . . Gamblers about midtown are wagering the war'll be over in Yur-rep Yur-rep by July 4th . . . Might be a eood way to win the bet-by getting Into the fracas and helping fight it n;,;?ere' V repeat boost f Ben Hecht i .exerting book: "A Guide for the Bedevilled" . . . Don.t miss ft tU ke f,u be"er American . The jokes that helped kill vaudeville are now making ra writers wealthy and famous Muflinsysorgj willin! Prune cr Bacon Muffins sm IV AU-BitANMuffj, 2 table spoons K cud milV ahortunlna ,1 eup ,iflc(lj ltgg 2Uteauo. 1 aU?n n1 bakinP0i. Blend shortening and sum,. ,i 1.1.. A .1.1 J l. . a" Ulfl'. ouKi"y kk aurj peal welL in All-Bran and milk. Let souk i most ol moisture is takv i n flour with salt and baking rw..', .. ,, ""r only, til flour disappears. Kill ra. muffin nans i full. Rnk. , oven (400'F.) about o miiw Yield) 8 large mutlinj. 4f For pruns mullini. add U . well-soaked, pitted and chVx.1 prunes to dry ingredients. 'XMS t" bacoa mul&ni, add (ttl, lay, ivtu wawu w m j UHfredlen sc hie 30! .CP lev Lit :tv ALL-BRAN hv ttsolf la - ' , source of thn whnia ., .rn food elements Znr6 : " mins, phosphorus, calcium i and' rr ALL-BRAK Trigger Fish The trigger fish has a that can be locked into pi-prevent pi-prevent dislodgment whenti wedges itself in a rocky crev at: Just 2 drops Pa, Nose Drops in nostril Lip ? breathe freer ill instantly soyr much tor 60c. Cam Use only as direr Fenetro Nose B:, 'Praying Trees' In some parts of Asia era r r n i. A t i ,. nit ouaugc uees mat C u a: . a , .. ueuuins toward tne ground every 24 hours. Broadcast Plant Food When growing crops in be-where be-where limited garden area mai necessary to grow varieties: together, broadcast the plant: applying either by hand or : spreader. If applied by hand half of the required amour lengthwise, and the other ii: crosswise. This assures a even distribution. Land Ribbon ' Chile is a 2,600-mile land r: unrolling from the Peruvian t i t , vj -ape norn. it snows lout tinct "faces" the mineralst deserts of the north, the aerie. ral midlands, the forest belt 0! south, and the bleak, windy, ss islands at the southern tip, marginal strip of South Am averages about 100 miles in ii; Jnfw0 ge" of sunligM reach-teg reach-teg into shadowy skyscraper can- onV Children bubbling with JSffiff thrniing IC. PfcK , f fairylani of youth . . 8 flends draPed "ross park lawns etting. kick out of breaking Spring memta ;V7, "ess 01 calmJ" the silky tenog, discussing tbS U " V6ly during lunch hit? .8wee"irts t the end of fn pUtbnf " e e. Cf each sentence with , Old Corn By comparing corn found ri ing in Chile with archeolo; maize from that region, it was! that the corn grown in the t today is a survivor of some most primitive archeological tt known, and has close connect: with a variety grown in soufc era Asia. Uniform Quality One of the main requirement; ice cream is uniformity of qu: In order to obtain this, the praf must contain the same percec: of butterfat at all times. There' ice cream must be standard Even the hardness of the ice d is determined. Flags and Guns All warships of the United St Fly's Wing Movement m aires vvAiig vx a Al Jf AA. movements a second. icte "Tci I ft tod' A4v( itin Sail ill I one I h Sout: Sot teals, Aig ti. aio Santi and gran I Joan alf at tl been trip. the dere Iran able has I 3)6 Vox Pjirl r4w Plra dish nine talki tion noisi ed "tha 1 Fc niak with The nati,Hi . m . " I vhmvuuu ui r v ian -i Kevada and California went 10 oer oected in h "1" vms 18 ex. 1 - 'vuutuon cent or more. of electric irons. m output Paks holding tiny ri Per toed with n " !??nt b.ouIevrd but flaTJ Z- dSinty dwellings p 7 miserable Stemmers bUnkin Ma if it noon fted to avert sneT toS the park after' mS " T flood-f flood-f h little huBLT 1 Sbt When ft 0 . . . 9 mystery 0f I m t it 1 that if back aches from need of diuretic cid runcuonalkidneydistiirbancedBeto R( Of diuretic aid may cause stabbing "1 ache! May cause urinary flow to fluent, y scanty and smarting! I5 lose sleep from "getting up "gho :1 V 1 ay feel dizzy, nervous, "heads J ehin In such cases, you want to 1 ika kidney action JasU So if there systemically or organically . Gold Medal Capsufes. Tbey'te K-J f mous for prompt action for 30 7. 2, gh care to use them only as directed. fcu no substitutes, 3S at your I |