| OCR Text |
Show THE LEIII SUN. LEHI, UTAH JPPer r 1 Of J V. 0. J ink Poti, it. V, 3hPan f 5 quickly 3 and rinj the J 10m 250 Be 1 ENT ehlin , Bab 3E Ulg 1ECE lew piss. Citj, FI PRICE? dwKlW feS Willkie Wins in November He'll Be iixth Political uarK Horse To Be 'Stabled' in the White House crnTT WATSON . ..naDr Union.) il i the winner HSSentlal race next tfrrei' -n hecome dark horse" to be in the White House. - J five times in our na- f&ry ol : 151 7J Ito people elected to the Office in the land a -es' unknown nwhowaseiui" - !wu. station or was Jriously considered as a KE"" first breed of can- S Tennessee coun-who coun-who went to congress J terms and became a .rl.: -niH Hickory" f influence, he became ' . tu- hmise of reDresen- La and later governor of Ta .t Woatid for -essee. ne --- Son to that office and h18 Seal career seemed ended, ythetime for Democratic con- -lion 01 18 appruaciicu, ui , iAor tnr the nomv kvjgesi cuuw:""" - in was Martin Van Buren who served one term as jrresiuem l.j m the Whiff candi- Gen. William Henry Harn- 840. Van Blue" uau ' nonTa1 Jackson but I. King w Southern Democracy was sus- JAMES K. POLE ' : of him and his attitude rard slavery. During the first seven ballots tee convention in Baltimore 'an Buren had a majority of the i votes. But, due to the -ength of Lewis Cass nf Mirhi- a, he could not get the two- vote reauired bv oartv Ja. After the seventh ballot e southern delegates secured a ;cfiss and held a caucus. They tided to rally behind tiiA Ha- Jted Tennessee eovernnr vuhn as "right" on the slavery and who enjoyed the friend- -p oi JacKson. Beyond Polk's Hones. folk had no hope of being the esidential it A known that he would ao r' e presidency. On the uduoi the southerners Fang their surprise candidate M the New York delegates r jidrewVanBuren's name. On M next mil ii . Mr v. " uiey swung w p. other states followed and - we ninth ballot ended the '15 ' "fi. AMES A. GARftitt t - man v j.. . Pvious!, v!,! honor 24 hours ""aiaatei unanimously Whigs were de- Cl5.fo;ate. iJt"- For nav W footing on Se W.Liberty STJS t:rh i CAM It. B. HAYES ed a "dark horse" candidate, Franklin Pierce, our only President Presi-dent from New Hampshire. Educated Edu-cated at Bowdoin college, he was a successful young lawyer when he was elected to congress at the age of 29 and to the senate when he was only 33. But because Mrs. Pierce was a shy woman who hated public life, Pierce resigned re-signed from the senate and went back to his law practice in Concord. Con-cord. At the outbreak of the War with Mexico he entered the service, serv-ice, came out as a brigadier-general brigadier-general and announced that he was through with public life forever. for-ever. But the political situation during dur-ing the next five years changed all that. When the Democratic convention opened in Baltimore on June 1, 1852, the leading candidates can-didates were Lewis Cass of Michigan, Mich-igan, James Buchanan of Pennsylvania Penn-sylvania and Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois. For 28 ballots none of these men was able to secure the necessary two-thirds majority. major-ity. Then the convention decided decid-ed it had better turn to a new candidate who had taken no part in the slavery dispute and had therefore incurred no bitter enmities, en-mities, in other words, a "nobody." "no-body." Some of the Maine delegates suggested the ex-senator from their neighboring state. So Franklin Pierce was trotted out as a "dark horse," received 15 votes on the 29th ballot and gained steadily until the 48th, when he received 55. By that time it was apparent that the band wagon was on its way and the delegates hastily climbed on. On the 49th ballot Pierce received 282 of the 288 votes. , The Whigs nominated Gen. Winfield Scott, hoping that "Old Fuss and Feathers" could repeat the victory of that other hero of the Mexican war, "Old Rough and Ready" Taylor. But the Democrats' young Mexican war general swept the election field with 254 electoral votes to Scott's 42. Pierce tried for renomination in 1856 but was defeated and Vanished Van-ished from the political scene. First Republican 'Dark Horse.' Thus far the Democratic party had been the one which supplied "dark horse" candidates. But beginning in 1876 the Republicans took their turn. In that year James G. Blaine was their logical logi-cal candidate and in the early balloting at the convention in Cincinnati Cin-cinnati he was within 30 votes of victory. However, the "Man From Maine" had his enemies who were determined to block his nomination. Among the "favorite sons" who were trailing along on complimentary com-plimentary votes was Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio, a lawyer who became a major-general in . the Union army, then returned home to serve two terms in congress and three terms as governor of his native state. He was scarcely scarce-ly known outside the borders of Ohio and during the spirited contest con-test between Blaine's partisans and his enemies no one paid much attention to Hayes 61 votes. Roscoe Conkling of New York had the support of the New York and Pennsylvania delegates but when it became apparent that Conkling had no chance to beat Blaine the Pennsylvanians began to throw their support to Ohio's favorite son.. This started a swing which carried the Buckeye Buck-eye "dark horse" to victory by 384 votes to Blaine's 351. The Democrats nominated Samuel J. Tilden of New York and in the election it seemed that Tilden had won. Then occurred the famous incident of the contested con-tested electoral votes of Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina, the appointment by congress of an electoral commission and its 8 to 7 vote in favor of Hayes. So another "dark horse" went to the White House but there are those who still believe that he had lost the election before the electoral commission's vote sent him there, j Although Hayes was not a great resident, he was probably the best of any of the "dark horses." Declaring that "he serves his party best who serves his country coun-try best," Hayes gave the country coun-try an administration which set high mark for future "dark horse" Presidents to try to equal The first of these was another Buckeye, James A. Garfield. Securing Se-curing an education by his own efforts, he became a teacher and was elected to the Ohio senate which he left in 1861 to become the youngest brigadier-general in the Union army. He came out of the war a major-general and was sent to congress where his principal prin-cipal distinction was his loyalty to Blaine. Grant Tries for a Third Term. The 1880 Republican convention was again a battle between Conkling and Blaine but this time the New York leader was trying to secure a third term for Ulysses S. Grant. Although Grant led Blaine in the voting from the first ballot, Conkling could not muster up quite enough votes to secure the nomination for the ex-President. Garfield was present at the convention con-vention as the leader of the Ohio i : FRANKLIN PIERCE delegation pledged to John Sherman. Sher-man. He made the speech placing plac-ing Sherman's name in nomination nomina-tion and, as it turned out, succeeded suc-ceeded in nominating himself by doing it. For when it became apparent ap-parent that neither Grant nor Blaine could win, the convention turned to a compromise candidate. candi-date. On the 34th ballot Garfield re. ceived 17 votes. He immediately protested that he was there in the interests of Sherman but the chairman ruled him out of order and the balloting proceeded. On the 36th ballot the break came. The Blaine and Sherman forces swung behind Garfield and he was nominated with 399 votes to Grant's 306. Garfield easily defeated de-feated the Democratic nominee, Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock but his career as President was cut short by the bullet of a disap- WARREN G. HARDING pointed office-seeker, Charles J. Guiteau, September 19, 1881, a little more than six months after he had entered the White House. The story of- the fifth "dark horse" President is so recent and so familiar to most Americans as to need only brief mention here. . The 1920 Republican convention con-vention .was in Chicago a fight between Gen. Leonard Wood and Gov. Frank O. Lowden of Illinois for the nomination. It soon became be-came apparent that a hopeless deadlock would prevent the nomination nom-ination of either candidate. Then followed the now-famous night conference in a "smoke-filled "smoke-filled hotel room" and the next day Senator Warren G. Harding, an Ohio "favorite son,", was selected se-lected as the nominee. Harding defeated his fellow-Buckeye, Gov. James M. Cox, 404 electoral votes to 127 and entered the White House, pledged to bring the country "back to normalcy." His administration,4 marred by scandals reminiscent of the Grant regime, ended August 2, 1923, when death summoned this ill-fated ill-fated Ohioan . . . the second "dark horse" President to die "in the harness." General HUGH s. JOHNSON Jour: Uuui rwam f WNU tow. GULF STREAM ATTACK WASHINGTON.-This column U as crazy as at least nine out of tea of the world shaking schemes that come in my mail daily. But one out of a thousand does have a littl merit For example, once a gent wrote me that ordinary chicken wire could stop a tank. I thought that was goofy, but my college mate, General Wesson, now chief of ordnance, ord-nance, wrote me that the letter presented a real idea. Well, this is my brainstorm. So many people pull them on me, I ough to be entitled to at least one. Ever since I was a kid I have been told that the Gulf Stream is a sort of hot water radiator system that is held away from most of our eastern coast by a cold wall of Arctic Arc-tic water. It is out there Just the same, from 40 to 200 miles to seaward. sea-ward. You can actually see it and know it from the encircling warmth when you enter it It veers across the Atlantic ocean and is partly responsible for the mild, warm climate of the south coast of England and also of Spain, France, Ireland and Scotland. If it could be deflected up our own and the Canadian coasts it might give them the climate of the Riviera and put most of Mr. Hitler's conquests on ice. The Gulf Stream itself is not very great but it carries a lot of tropical water with it at least on the surface. sur-face. It goes through a narrow passage pas-sage betweep the Bahamas and Florida. Could any kind of engineering engi-neering works there divert its flow? Exactly what makes - the Gulf Stream act the way it does is not quite certain the rotation of the earth the configuration of the ocean floor prevailing winds and a lot of other unknown quantities are in the equation. The engineering of hydrodynamics, hydrodynam-ics, water in motion, is largely empirical, em-pirical, which means that it is governed gov-erned by no predictable mathematical mathemati-cal formula. The way water flows through a faucet or what happens when you stick a dyke out into an ocean current has to be determined by experiment No hydraulic engineer engi-neer is wise enough to say with absolute ab-solute assurance either that the Gulf Stream could, or could not, be diverted di-verted in along our Atlantic coast and away from Mr. Hitler's Europe. The only dependable way to find out .is to make a miniature model of the Atlantic ocean and play with the wate in it As a practical matter, mat-ter, that is impossible. But there have been many well-informed well-informed speculations on this possibility. possi-bility. Nobody ever wanted or dared to go very far with them because, be-cause, in spite of our winter and rough weather, we were getting along well enough, and it was unthinkable un-thinkable to meditate on turning South Europe into a Labrador by a few clever engineering works off the Florida coast. It may not be so unthinkable tomorrow to-morrow if our interventionists are correct Mr. Hitler may soon have converted his cradle of our civilization civiliza-tion into an abomination and threaten threat-en us with a similar fate. He may have seized the British navy and enough French, British, Dutch, Danish, Dan-ish, Swedish, Norwegian and Belgian Bel-gian building capacity to make it hopeless for us to compete. Since he hesitates at no methods of de struction, however devastating, why should we? If this particular method is, by any chance, remotely available, it would never have to be used. Even Herr Hitler could not risk the glacia-tion glacia-tion of half a continent As I re-read what I have written, it seems too grotesque to submit and yet I have heard competent engineers engi-neers toying with this Jules Vernes fantasy. It certainly is not impo- sible. In today's frantic searcn v wpanona that may be used against us, I wonder what a commission of expert hydraulic engineers would say of this one for our defense. Maybe May-be they would just say: "Page Orson Or-son Welles!" SELECTIVE DRAFT To beat dictators, democracle have got. to show the power to see as clearly and efficiently and be as willing to serve and sacrifice any of their potential enemies. A case in point is me new selec tive service bilL Fully 80 per cent of our Deople are ardently in favor of "adequate defense." There is a difference of opinion about just what that means, but most people know that it means a very large navy, a great increase in our army, large reserves of trained men and mountains moun-tains of new equipment I have heard few people who wee unwilling to accept the judgment of our military and naval experts as to type, numbers and quantities needed. need-ed. Thus far, therefore, democracy U working as well as any government But when it goes to conscriptive methods for raising that army, the welkin rings with every sort of coa-fusion coa-fusion of counsel that defeats democracy democ-racy or drives it to dictatorship. There are several provisions of the service bill that I think I can prove wrong in principle, but in the main the bill is necessary and sufficient Failure to enact it promptly may lead to something much worse. One objection is that we can tct rely on volunteering to get more than a million men. CONGRESS UNDER GUARD WASHINGTON.-It has been done so quietly that only a few officials know it but congress now is being guarded by the most elaborate police po-lice system since World war days. The legislators are protected almost as carefully as the President The first step was taken last fall when a detail of G-men and detectives detec-tives was assigned to reinforce the Capitol's regular police force, which is made up chiefly of patronage appointees, ap-pointees, students working their way through school. Then in the spring a squadron of metropolitan uniformed police was sent to the Hill making a total of 250 blue-coats and plainclothes plain-clothes men guarding 531 senators and representatives. Last week, still another protective measure was taken in the form of a set of drastic regulations under which: The Capitol Is closed to the public daily at 4:30, except when congress is in session, and admittance ad-mittance is only by special cards. Guards are stationed at the subway entrances of the senate and bouse wings to scrutinize everyone going in and out and to examine all packages. The Capitol's power plant is guarded 24 hours a day. Plainclothes men accompany every group' of sightseers. All persons who summon members off the floor are kept under constant surveillance. A constant police vigil is kept in the public galleries, in the restaurants, and at night in all corridors' inside, and the grounds outside. One reason for these elaborate precautions is to prevent a recurrence recur-rence of the bombing that took place in the Capitol prior to American entry en-try into the last war. Planted in a senate reception room by a pad-fistic pad-fistic college professor, the bomb exploded ex-ploded at midnight July 2, 1915, and left the chamber a shambles. Earlier that day the Washington Times received a letter from the perpetrator announcing his intention to bomb the capitol "as an exclamation exclama-tion point to my appeal for peace." He was arrested several days later at Mineola, L. I. He committed suicide sui-cide in his cell. WILLKIE'S SPEECH That acceptance 6peech Wendell Willkie is writing is one of the toughest tough-est jobs he's ever tackledl It can make him or break him. Willkie has got to crack two of the hardest political nuts ever handed hand-ed a G. O. P. standard bearer: the power issue and foreign policy. Even under normal conditions the power issue is pure TNT, particularly particu-larly in the West which is strong for public power. For Willkie, with his Wall Street and utility background, back-ground, the handling of this issue so it doesn't explode in his face is doubly delicate. Perhaps even more difficult is the question of foreign affairs and its closely related problem of compulsory compul-sory military service. On the latter, lat-ter, Willkie has never declared himself him-self and the Republican platform also is silent Roosevelt has dSclared for "universal "uni-versal training," although so far he has not expressed a view on jthe pending bilL But his leaders are for it and it's generally considered an administration measure. On foreign policy, particularly on aid to the British, the President's record is an open book. And so was Willkie's until he was nominated. Since that moment not one word has come from him on this all-important topic, though he has talked daily on various other matters. It didn't leak out at the time, but when Willkie visited Washington early last month, the G. O. P. isolationists, iso-lationists, led by Senator Vanden-berg, Vanden-berg, tried to corral the new candidate candi-date and give him a big isolationist sales talk; warning him to pipe down on aiding the British. But Willkie sidestepped the bloc and they didn't get a chance to put on the pressure. Note Regardless of what Willkie says, running-mate Sen. Charles Mc-Nary Mc-Nary Is isolationist and pro-public power. He intends to say so in his acceptance speech late this month. THE LaFOLLETTES In the current pre-campaign jockeying jock-eying for position, both Republican and Democratic chiefs are warily watching Wisconsin's famous brothers broth-ers LaFollette Senator Bob, who is up for re-election this year, and ex-Governor ex-Governor Phil, who since his defeat two years ago has been quietly promoting pro-moting a "Fuehrer-principle" kind of organization which he launched in the spring of 1938 with a lot of fanfare. fan-fare. Bob LaFollette faces a tough battle. bat-tle. Three key voting blocs in the state are the large German, Scandinavian Scandi-navian and Polish groups. Obviously Obvious-ly playing for the favor of the first two. Bob was a very active isolationist isola-tionist last November. But this stand boomeranged when Hitler invaded the unarmed Scandinavian Scandi-navian countries. So with the Poles already down on him, the disaffection disaffec-tion of the Scandinavians was a serious se-rious blow. There is no question of La Toilette's Toi-lette's personal hot'ility toward Hitler Hit-ler and Nazism. Kathleen Norris Says: Lift Up Your Hearts (Bell Syndicate WNU Servlc.) Imagine the odds against tht ragged, unarmed, unfed, untrained armies of Washington, uhos men enlisted only for a terms weeks, all know how strangely that war ended, with victory for the tide against which the odds seemed incredibly heavy. By KATHLEEN NORRIS IT IS a great consolation, in these trying times, to realize real-ize that according to all historical precedents, two and two do not make four. For no matter what mathematicians mathe-maticians can do with chalk and a blackboard, the events that touch our human lives, and are controlled by our faulty and irrational human actions, almost always seem to come out in an unexpected way. The student of every great crisis in world affairs is completely puzzled by the apparent independence independ-ence of results from their causes. Take our beginnings, In 1775. Imagine Im-agine the odds against the ragged, unarmed, unfed, untrained armies of Washington, whose men enlisted only for a term of weeks, and when that term wai up walked quietly off to their farms againl Washington's congress was against him, the personnel per-sonnel of the army was constantly changing, and, with Canada as a base, the great armies of England, supplemented by Prussian mercenaries, merce-naries, French settlers, and thousands thou-sands of Indians, were prepared for a long attack. Victorious Against Great Odds. We all know how strangely that war ended, with victory for the side against which th.e odds seemed incredibly in-credibly heavy. Agincourt Waterloo, Sedan, the British conquest of India are all similar. In the last mentioned war, less than a hundred years ago, the case was that the Sepoy troops rebelled, re-belled, in numbers something better than a thousand to one. There were few British troops in India, most of that army was composed of East Indians, officered by British. So the simple job of the rebels was merely to shoot the officers, wipe out the few missionaries and women and children, and possess their own land once more. We all know how that came out, too. The passionate courage of a Roberts, a Campbell, a Havelock, overcame infinite superiority in numbers, and the rebellion was sup pressed. Lincoln's Predicament. Then take Lincoln's situation, In 1864, actually within the memory of living men, for a child whose won deoing eyes looked on at the Civil war would only be something more than 80 now. The South was fighting the North, and with gallant success, at the mo ment In Mexico, Austria and France had set up an emperor whose plan was to befriend the South, take all Central America under un-der his protection, for Austria, and maintain a strong European bold upon the Americas.. And just at this moment when our President was cruelly pressed for men and munitions, an unfortunate episode occurred which angered England, and threatened for awhile to involve the North In a war with the Britkh. British troops were even dispatched to Canada before the affair af-fair was settled. How many- women, worrying themselves half-insane this hot summer sum-mer morning over unexpressed and undefined terrors, remember that that was our situation 75 years ago? Suppose that were the case now; suppose hostile foreign troops were actually on American soil bombing our cities then we MIGHT have something over which to lose sleep! We Prefer Peace. As it is, remember that no nation na-tion has a grievance against us, and that we are not going out of our way to injure any nation, or to impose unfair terms upon any nation, or to make an enemy of any nation. We are by national temper peaceable, peace-able, absorbed in our own problems, and incapable of really understand- HAVE HOPE "Don't let the foreign situation worry you," Katltleen Norris advises. ad-vises. She peers through the black clouds of war which hang over the world end finds that things are not es bad as they seem. Wars of conquest con-quest have been fought and nations na-tions conquered many times in the past. The world has always recovered re-covered before, and there is no reason rea-son to believe that it won't do so now. lng the nature of matters abroad. We don't maintain blockades against neighboring countries, nor oppress them, nor hold to mandatory powers that cruelly handicap them. All the nations of Europe HAVE been doing do-ing these things, snatching the spoils of war, profiting by the sufferings of sister nations, for more than 20 long years; or rather for more than 10 long centuries. To live in 'continual war with your neighbors is possible to any government govern-ment To live in continual peace is also possible. The Americas, by some fortunate combination of circumstances, cir-cumstances, prefer the latter course. It is nonsense to say that you have to fight if other persons fight, for they have some reason for fighting, and it is your job, in peace times, to discover that reason, and to find other ways of curing the situation than the wholesale slaughter of innocent in-nocent boys. When a nation meets war with war it Is tacitly admitting admit-ting that might is right; a theory that we should have left behind us 2,000 years ago. A theory, in nhort, that we said we DID leave behind us, when a certain Voice spoke on a certain mountain 2,000 years ago. War Breeds on War. Twenty years ago Germany was crushed to the complete satisfaction of all the war makers. She was split in two, her wealth, her colonies colo-nies were shorn away, she never could rise again or fight again. But somehow two and two didn't make four. War, instead of breeding breed-ing peace, bred more war. The victorious nations, supposedly strong In policing and blockading and mandating man-dating and defense couldn't somehow some-how watch that one central European Euro-pean state closely enough to see what she was doing, or police her sternly enough to stop her from what she actually did. That was Germany's hour of darkness. dark-ness. She emerged still Germany and more nationalistic than ever. This hour is dark for France. But she has been conquered before; despite de-spite all that any enemy can do In her heart she will still be untouched, and within another turn of the tide she wQl be France again. England Still England. The Danes, the Saxons, the Romans, Ro-mans, the Normans all conquered old England in turn. The Hanovarl-ans Hanovarl-ans and the Dutch came over to rule, with the Georges and William Wil-liam of Orange. But England isn't Danish nor Saxon nor Roman nor Norman nor Dutch; she's herself. England overpowered the Transvaal only 40 years ago, but anyone who visits it visits a strong Boer nation, na-tion, still itself. All the blackboards of the world, and all the chalk, and all the statisticians statis-ticians couldn't work out for us today to-day what the world is going to be 20 years from today. Dictators fall, peoples rebel against despotism, the great flood of human reason, the human hu-man need of love and home and children chil-dren and gardens will go on. That need exists in the hearts of gal- iant bewildered German boys fighting fight-ing like tigers because they are told to fight; bewildered French lads who knew neither why they fought nor why they stopped; English boys who only ask for home and a job and an occasiona movie. They're all exactly ex-actly alike, and when the war-makers are sated, and the dictators' hands lose their power, things will begin to slip back into their old places. |
