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Show WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Merger of Two Wars Feared If Allies Send Aid to Finland; Poles Drill Big Army in France (EDITOR'S NOTE When opinions are expressed In these columns, the are those of the news analyst and not necessarily of this newspaper.) Released by Wttm Niwipaper Union U.S. and the Wars: After Six Months Six months had passed since Germany invaded Poland, since President Roosevelt summoned congress to safeguard V,,S. neutrality. neu-trality. Good intentions notwithstanding, the V. S. found itself deeply concerned with Europe's wars politically, financially, economically, socially. Items in a week's news: Agriculture ' During senate hearings on the reciprocal trade act, Secretary of Agriculture Henry Wallace hinted the U. S. may seek means to help the farmer, whose export! have been reduced since the war started. start-ed. Main reason for woe: Allies claim they need all their foreign exchange to buy munitions. One possible remedy Is an excise tax on munitions exports which might be paid to farmers. Trade V. S. exports exceeded Imports In January by 5126,589,000, the largest larg-est margin in recent years. One unhappy trend: Gold and silver holdings of the U. S. piled higher and higher as foreign nations used this method to pay for their purchases. pur-chases. Industry Latest item In the $1,000,000,000 worth of allied war purchases In the U. S. was a $20,000,000 contract placed with Douglas Aircraft company com-pany for construction of bombers for Great Britain. EUROPE: Tlie Wars Finnish Front. Around Viipuri on the Karelian isthmus and near Pet-samo Pet-samo in the far north, Finland's defenders continued retreating before be-fore Russian pressure. But the Finns held their ground at the "waistline," halfway up the border. Western Front. Increased patrol nd artillery activity was acknowledged acknowl-edged by both high commands. Heavy German troop movements were reported near Luxembourg, and the Nazis were said to be extending ex-tending the Siegfried line along the Belgian and Dutch frontiers. In the Air. British reconnaissance planes flew over Berlin two succes- r 7 A?' MX POLAND'S SIKORSKI Where will his army go? (See Below) clve nights, while Nazi planes were chased away from Paris. At Sea. Allied warships, massing in the Arctic tea to block Russian German sea commerce, sank two Nazi merchantmen near the Finnish shore. An undenied report of naval activity off Petsamo was considered by observers as the first sign that Europe's two wars may merge. Behind Scenes Somewhere in France correspondents correspond-ents discovered Gen. Wladyslaw Sikorski of Poland drilling almost 100,000 troops peasant boys, students, stu-dents, miners and professionals-men professionals-men who escaped from Poland after Germany's blitzkrieg. With France's NAMES in the news . . . X At Little America, Adm. Richard 12. Byrd reported he and two assistants as-sistants had mapped the long-unknown South Pacific coast of Antarctica, Ant-arctica, discovering a vast mountain moun-tain range and an ice-covered island is-land 60 miles offshore. C.At London, ex-Premier David Lloyd George scored England's woefully woe-fully poor food production, claiming claim-ing that two and a half million acres which produced 1,000,000 tons of food to 1914 are now overgrown with weeds. . At London, it was rumored Ma J. Kermit Roosevelt, son of the "Roughrider," would leave his British Brit-ish army post to lead an international interna-tional brigade against Russia in Finland. C. Arriving in the U. S. for a three-week three-week visit. Archduke Otto of Austria Aus-tria hoped to arouse sentiment for his tnthronement provided Germany Ger-many loses the war and Austria is restored. CDied: Geo. William Graves, 74, who commanded U. S. expeditionary expedition-ary forces in Siberia from 1918 to 1920. BY JOSEPH W. LaBINE Civilians A California youth, stopped at Bockford, I1L, admitted he and 20 other Americans had been recruited recruit-ed by one Col. Charles Sweeney (believed an American soldier of fortune) and ordered to report in Toronto for aviation training. The FBI went to work. Maritime The U. S. had two British blockade block-ade problems: (1) Britain sought Canadian co-operation in establishing establish-ing a contraband control system In the Pacific to stop U. S. rubber and tin from reaching Siberian Russia, from whence it may be going to Germany; (2) Pan-American clippers, avoiding British mail seizures at Bermuda, decided to fly direct from the U. S. to the Azores and Lisbon. Congress Ironed out were senate-house differences dif-ferences in the measure to raise the Export-Import bank's lending power by $100,000,000, thus providing provid-ing $20,000,000 for non-military purchases by Finland. Congress Work Passed by the House: (1) The senate-approved bill to give Finland Fin-land a $20,000,000 non-military loan; (2) a $GO,000,000 appropriation appropria-tion to keep crop control checks flowing to farmers. Proposed: By Sen. Robert F. Wagner (D.-N. Y.), legislation to regulate investment companies on behalf of the Securities and Exchange commission. Sent to the Senate: The house-approved house-approved resolution to extend for three years the administration's reciprocal trade program. Argued In Both Houses: The 1940 census, scheduled to start April 1. While Census Director W. L. Austin moaned. Republican Republi-can orators urged constituents to risk penalties by not giving cen-sustakers cen-sustakers "persona" Information which is "none of their damned business." Maglnot line already well manned, observers had reason to wonder where Poland-in-exile will send its first five divisions which will be ready for action by midsummer. Finland seemed the best bet, for behind be-hind a ceaseless barrage of rumors and counter-rumors flooding Europe this month, could be seen an ever-narrowing ever-narrowing breach between the two wars. Both London and Paris reported It was certain the allies would land an army at far-north Petsamo, supplementing sup-plementing spasmodic aid which has dribbled to the Finns through Norway Nor-way and Sweden. In the light of this possibility, German overtures in Scandinavia seemed ominous. The overtures: Nazidom has sought Finnish-Russian truce to stop consumption of Russian war materials and thus get more for herself; her-self; Hitler has also threatened Intervention In-tervention on Russia's side if an allied al-lied expeditionary force is sent to Finland's aid. He had also hinted to Norway and Sweden that it would be best for them to block allied aid to the Finns if they wanted to escape the war. But at the same time he had not overlooked the value of Scandinavian friendship, for Swedish Swed-ish iron ore would be cut off if the northern countries joined Britain and France. Peace Gesture Despite gloomy news, irrepressible irrepressi-ble peace rumors still bobbed to the surface. In London Lord Tavistock, chairman of the British council for Christian settlement, said he had received re-ceived a set of peace terms through Germany's legation in Dublin. These he bad passed on to Foreign Secretary Secre-tary Viscount Halifax. The terms: (1) Independence to Slovakia; (2) independence to Poland, with an out let to the sea; (3) a plebiscite in Austria, maybe; (4) disarmament. if others will do likewise; (5) German Ger-man re-entry to the League of Nations, Na-tions, provided Britain doesn't continue con-tinue to run the show. To most observers, ob-servers, they looked like the same old set of peace terms brightened with a new coat of paint Mr. Welles Goes Calling Hastily concluding his preliminary discussions in Rome with Benito Mussolini, Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles hurried to Switzerland Switzer-land and thence to Berlin. What had been advertised as a pure-and-simple fact-finding expedition was developing (as everyone had expected) expect-ed) into a queer peace offensive. Premier Mussolini had evidently told Mr. Welles his terms, and it was widely advertised that Adolf Hitler would do likewise. Everyone, obviously, wovld talk tough. WHITE HOUSE: Home Again Outward from Panama into the Caribbean headed the cruiser Tu culoosa, bearing Franklin Roosevelt home from a fishing expedition. South of Panama he had fished for fish; in the Canal Zona he had fished for information, informa-tion, getting himself convinced con-vinced that America's Gibraltar Gi-braltar is in-adequately in-adequately guarded. At a press conference PRESIDENT BOYD boa,rd ! ,f ,n , Tuscaloosa he He U co-operate. ers some news which startled congressmen con-gressmen who read it in Washington Washing-ton next day. Not only must the present number of guns and planes at Panama be doubled, said the President, but a long-range defense program must be arranged to extend ex-tend throughout Central America and as far south as Ecuador, Colombia Colom-bia and Venezuela. Reason for this, he said, was the need for a better opportunity to discover dis-cover an attacking force at a much longer distance from the canal. Even the new Caribbean fortresses were inadequate protection from the east, he maintained. An interested observer was Augusto Boyd, president of little Panama, whose country will profit by heavy U., S, expenditures in the Canal Zone. Said he, after a conference con-ference aboard the Tuscaloosa: "I think we're all In the same boat. Latin America must co-operate with the United States in defense of the canal ... We are in there 100 per cent as far as co-operation is concerned con-cerned . . ." DOMESTIC: Nose Count Of all questions In the 1940 census, none has drawn more fire than those regarding personal income. When census takers begin their rounds April 1 many a citizen will probably prob-ably refuse to answer these questions ques-tions despite the threat of a fine. Adding weight to the G. O. P.-sponsored P.-sponsored campaign of protest, Miss Catherine Curtis of New York appeared ap-peared before the senate sub-committee on behalf of women investors. inves-tors. Said she: Congress will have to enlarge the jails to house protesting protest-ing women If income questions are not stricken from the census. Nevertheless Census Director William Wil-liam Austin went ahead with his plans, hoping his nose-count will not be completely sabotaged. Meanwhile Mean-while the department of commerce announced creation of a new national nation-al income division which will "analyze "an-alyze and interpret the flow of income in-come from various sources and its expenditure In the final analysis for goods and services." For its source material the division will probe every source of personal income data available, including social security se-curity records, bureau of internal revenue and the 1940 census. LABOR: Biggest Election At Washington the National Labor Relations board issued orders for the largest collective bargaining election ever held. "As soon as possible," pos-sible," approximately 150,000 employees em-ployees in 59 General Motors plants in 11 states will cast their ballots, the principal issue being affiliation with C. I. O. or A. F. of L. POLITICS: Victory in Ohio Both Republicans and Democrats conceded that Ohio's six-county seventeenth sev-enteenth congressional district was a sounding board for Ohio's political cross-currents. In that district, Republican Re-publican J. Harry McGregor was fighting it out with Democrat Byron Ashbrook, nephew of the late Rep. William A. Ashbrook. In the twenty-second district a Republican Re-publican victory was not unexpected, unexpect-ed, provided Ohio would send a woman to congress. Hoping it would, socially prominent Mrs. Frances Payne Bolton sought to succeed suc-ceed her late husband. When the votes were in Mrs. Bolton Bol-ton found herself elected. So did Republics n McGregor, """ which was a significant victory if the prophetic seventeenth district wasn't fooling. fool-ing. At Wash-ington Wash-ington the G. O. P. con- vIIuDBIEn committee MRS. BOLTON hailed Ohio's 0hl P' her. results as a sign that "the tide of national sentiment continues strong, iy toward a Republican sweep next November." Other political news: CFour Democratic senators (Massachusetts (Mas-sachusetts Walsh, Iowa's Herring, Michigan's Brown and Indiana's Minion) Indicated they could con. ceive of an International situation which would make it wise to nominate nom-inate and elect Franklin Roosevelt for a third term. C Thomas E. Dewey had his name filed in the Nebraska G. O. P. primary, pri-mary, where he will tghi it out with Michigan's Sen. Arthur Vandenberg. C Vice President John Nance Garner Gar-ner let his name be entered in New York. ' "V ; 1 '' ' " v I & Xr w. : i'fV . . ! w 1 r THE T.BHI SUN, LEHI, UTAH Navy Officers Bid for Power In Report to House Committee Department's Policy-Making Board Recommends Tak-ing Tak-ing Additional Control From Hands of Civilian Authorities. By WILLIAM BRUCKART WNU Service, National Press Bldg., Washington, D. C. WASHlNfiTON. The house com mittee on naval affairs made pub-lie pub-lie a report the other day that recommends rec-ommends the delegation of further nower to hieh officers of the navy. That proposition has been made before, be-fore, but the current report came from the navy general board, the policy making agency of the navy department. It represents, therefore, an official move by ranking officers of the United States navy for greater great-er concentration of power in their hands, as naval officers, as distinguished dis-tinguished from the civilian control through the secretary and assist ant secretary of the navy who always al-ways have been appointed from civil life. The report failed to attract much attention. Certainly, it failed to receive re-ceive the publicity that it should have had in the newspapers. The reason was, I believe, that many writers simply regarded the report and its far-reaching recommendations recommenda-tions as an isolated instance. My feeling is, , however, that the general gen-eral board's views must be examined exam-ined closely because to my mind they represent not an isolated instance in-stance but evidence, often repeated, of a general trend in governmental affairs that is highly dangerous. This discussion must not be con sidered an attack on the navy. I have great respect for the navy and especially for the present personnel in the positions of policy determination. determina-tion. There are some quacks and hair-brained boys up near the top, SECRETARY OF NAVY EDISON but by and large the present list of rear admirals and captains constitute consti-tute a rather square-shooting and able lot. That fact, nevertheless, must not prevent a closer examina tion of the general question, the general problem, of which the report re-port recommending added power for the general staff officers is only an insignificant part. That is the trouble, trou-ble, you know, with expansion programs. pro-grams. Each addition to governmental govern-mental scope is, apparently, an insignificant in-significant item. Details of Recommendation By Navy's General Board The navy's general board, in this recommendation, wants to have congress con-gress provide the chief of naval operations op-erations with power that is almost equal to that of the secretary of the navy. Now, of course, the chief of naval operations is a professional mariner and soldier. He usually knows so much more about sane naval na-val operations than outlanders and members of congress that a parallel is unnecessary. But it never is to be forgotten that the chief of naval operations is a career man who is not responsible to the people, as are elected representatives, and as long as he obeys the laws and keeps his health, he remains in the service until un-til retirement age is reached. There is much to be said about careers in governmental service. In deed, what would our fighting forces be if they were not professionals? Our army would be comparable to what we have seen under "Russia's great freedom." That is somewhat beside the point of this analysis. Our system of government prescribes that policy making and responsibility responsibil-ity for determination of policy shall be in the hands of elected representativesthey represent-ativesthey being the fellows who have membership in the senate or house of representatives. Some effort was made by politi cians to develop the general board's BID FOR POWER? In a recent recommendation of the navy's general board, William Wil-liam Bruckart sees the naval officers of-ficers making a strong bid for additional control of the department depart-ment He says they will be taking tak-ing this power away from civilian officers. While he doubts that congress will accept this recommendation, recom-mendation, Bruckart warns that we must watch any trend which would give too much power to "non-elective" authorities. ! - . . ' 1 4 ' ' t v.; v! lS - I v - .1,1 U ' J recommendations as showing a row between the professional navy men and the civilian side. Secretary Edison Ed-ison disagreed with the board's findings, find-ings, and so reported to the house committee. Unfortunately, however, Mr. Edison failed to hit the proposal a good stiff uppercut. He should have called attention that it was ,4,naorniia tn that it reoresented an- UUIlkl UM" " - S other step In the direction of control by the military-minded servants oi the people. Army and Navy Affairs Need Careful Analysis I doubt that the general board's recommendations are going to be followed by congress. It is time, however, to think over some of the things that have happened with respect re-spect to the navy and the army and in a few cases the marine corps and the coast guard. Moreover, it is time to remember what has happened hap-pened to every single nation that has given its military services too much say about civilian affairs or affairs that we, in this country, regard as civilian affairs. It cannot be said with too much emphasis that our system of government must live or die by the measure of the power over national policy that is retained in the hands of elected officials. The practice of appointing army and navy officers to civilian posts has been growing in recent years at an alarming rate. The usual practice has been to appoint retired officers. More recently, however, officers have been taken right out of the military services detached from commands, etc. and named to civilian jobs. I am not going to undertake to enumerate them. They are scattered hither and yon, like head of the WPA and head of the wage-hour division of the department depart-ment of labor and that sort of thing. One of the army officers Is serving as secretary to the President of the United States. I could go on and on and show where these men are functioning in strictly civilian posts. Lest I be misunderstood, I want to say that a couple of these army officers on civilian duty are doing splendid jobs. But I hasten to add that they are the exceptions. The reason is that a man from the military mili-tary services is trained along a particular par-ticular line of thinking. Briefly, that thinking calls for and enforces discipline, disci-pline, execution of orders, blind obediencecompulsion obe-diencecompulsion in all of its phases. We might look back through 20 years or so and recall how the navy and the coast guard were used in prohibition enforcement. I cannot believe that job was a part of the military service. But they were so used, and that was that In the space that is accorded me, I cannot make any pretense of recounting the numerous instances where the military services were ordered into duties that never were intended for them by the founders of our nation. One by one, these things have grown up and they are now accepted. Isn't it about time to call a halt? Here's a Concrete Example Of How Plan Might Work Let's carry this general board recommendation rec-ommendation through to a conclusion conclu-sion that is much more real than apparent. Assume we, as nation, were having hav-ing some hard feelings with one of our North or South American neighbors. neigh-bors. Assume, further, that the other oth-er nation was doing us an injustice and was refusing to allow the matters mat-ters to be arbitrated so that a show of force could possibly serve a purpose. pur-pose. Well, among our elected officials, offi-cials, there obviously would be differences dif-ferences of opinion. There always has been and there always will be. Does anybody think that the chief oi naval operations with greater powers than he now has would be found on the side of restraint in dealing with such a problem? His train of thought would lead to the conclusion that some heavy guns should give the answer; he would believe in force to compel acquiescence, acquies-cence, and he would never agree that compromise was the way out Probably, that is a far-fetched illustration. il-lustration. I agree that it is under the present powers that are vested in the hands of the professional navy men- I purposely used the exaggerated exag-gerated illustration because if there is added power in the matter of making policy granted now, there will be additional grants of power accorded later just as sure as little apples grow on trees. It is that "next step" that I have talked about in these columns so many times. The whole thing can be summed up, I believe, in the conclusion that we are getting too many military-trained military-trained people in positions of responsibility. respon-sibility. When they are transferred to civilian functions, however honest hon-est and sincere they may be, those officers naturally take with them the deep fundamentals of their training. It is not good. We have seen the answer written on the other side of the Atlantic ocean. I do not believe it is going to happen here, but It could if citizens who are jealous of our system of government fail to keep their eyes open. "' " I WHO'S NEWS THIS WEEK By LEMUEL F. PARTON (Consolidated Features WNU Service.! NEW YORK. "Gentle Breeze" is a loose translation of the name of Paraguay's new dictator, Jose Felix Fe-lix Estigarribia. On September 13, , . 1935, this de-'Gentle de-'Gentle Breeze Is partment ob-New ob-New Iron Man served, "It is For Paraguay Psible that man is checking in, in Paraguay, with the emergence of the shrewd, resolute General Estigarribia." It appeared to be a wrong guess, until recently, when the general announced an-nounced his dictatorship, having assumed as-sumed the presidency last August. Graying, handsome austere, just turning 50, he is the smallest of dictators dic-tators 130 pounds, five feet, six inches tall. He was a Napoleon addict ad-dict in his youth, but is said to have abandoned such attitudes and interests in later years. Of remote basque ancestry, he is the descendant descend-ant of a wealthy Paraguayan family, fam-ily, educated for the army at home and in Paris. He entered the Gran Chaco war as a lieutenant colonel gained a generalcy In a year and emerged as a national hero. . The U. S. A. has a stake in his new dictatorship. When he entered his brief turn as minis ter to Washington, he lunched at the White House and was extended ex-tended generous credits for the "re-building" of Paraguay. "Extrasensory perception" has been fading rapidly after its sudden burgeoning of two years ago, but here it is again, with Professor J. B. Rhine,' its Expert Studies high priest of Mental Powers Duke univer- 0 Girl Marvel making, a study of Faith Hope Charity Harding, the little lit-tle Pennsylvania girl who has been calling the future the way a pool-player pool-player calls his shots. Now 4 years old, she has been making bull's-eye prophecies since she was 18 months old; so naturally they get Professor Rhine on the job. He has kept right on running his parapsychological laboratory , at Duke, since his 3,500,000 tests of University students there convinced con-vinced him of the reality of mental men-tal telepathy, and the possibility possibili-ty of our peeping into the future, fu-ture, as well as into the minds of our neighbors. He said it would take 1,600 digits to express ex-press the mathematical degree of improbability in his tests. Professor and Mrs. Rhine began exploring the spook world when they were getting the doctor's degree at the University of Chicago. Among other such phenomena they examined exam-ined the feats of "Margery," the Boston medium and reported that the "whole game was base and brazen bra-zen trickery." They repeatedly have assailed fake occultism. As to mental men-tal telepathy, they lay it on the line, but they're still working on the prophecy business. They started the latter inquiry in April last year. For the last year, knowing observers ob-servers of European war and politics poli-tics have warned the world to keep a sharp eye on Col. Gen. Walther A , ' von Brauch-Army Brauch-Army General itsch com. Gefs Credit for mander in Nazi-Russ Deal chief rf 016 German army. His tracks usually lead In the direction of the next German lunge, and, controlling the army, he makes as well as executes decisions. General Von Brauchitsch is a member of an old east Prussian feudal family, a conservative by in stinct education and tradition, but politically malleable. A distinguished distin-guished officer in the World war, he hated the republic, but went along with it alienating his stiff-necked Junker colleagues, and became head of its armed forces. From 1922 to 1932, he delivered many scholarly denunciations of bolshevism. but perhaps more than any other one man, put through the interchange of omcers, technicians. fabricated goods, munitions and raw materials between Germany and Russia dur ing this decade. ' , Weighty opinion from the oth er side is that General Von tsraucnusch, rather than Hitler, Goering or Rosenberg, schemed the Russo-German deal and forced it to a conclusion through his unquestioned hold on the army. To him is also attributed the plan, the decision, the timins and the start of the drive into Poland In several instances there have been indications of hostility between the general and Goering, with the betting bet-ting on the former, if it Pr rnmM to an open break. 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