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Show t- ! I i rnJd03M D. ROOSEVELT 1 wwwWW , - a- : . ; if - . I v" .. & J Ml(p..,..iL Kffifi aifflmtfivn-lft Uml-n"? ' TIIELEHI SUN. LEHI, UTAH ill! TS PUT ARING SHOW T CONVENTIO y Roosevelt, Garner Standard Bearers for National Race. WRIGHT A. PATTERSON i!eao. - The democracy ol ;ca met In national convention j city, m4 at the end of six ni two nights of strenuous had selected Gov.- Franklin foserelt of New York as Its Me for President; Speaker X, Garner of Texas as Its pte for vice president adopt- platform, one plank of which lei for repeal of the Eight- 1 intendment and the immedi- siifeation of the Volstead act fcrmit the sale of beer and light k; listened to the speech of ac- pet bj its candidate for Presi- and adjourned. . p above paragraph tells the story of the Democratic con- It tells what was presum-done presum-done in the convention hall, no news paragraph can give reader i picture of a national a gathering, nor can that pic-be pic-be painted with only the In dents found In a convention si national conventions of this 'consisted of a gathering of delegates and alternates; men ranen. from every state In the nod from every outlying pos-. pos-. Quite naturally they felt were at Chicago representing Krereltn will nt that nf. fJOl In their rosmootrir. hni sat In the convention, r-f flare Of th onr.tl!V,to IPirpose, But of that 2,308 men f omen less than one-fourth had VAfjU In J 1JI fWi be done, and the oae-d oae-d iplomatically or sometimes Pi, told the other 1,500 what L .da A g00dly Percent-f Percent-f the W delegates and al-lM al-lM not know Just what it oor of the convention i i1" Cent of tte activities J ind ballyhoo, noise and 2 ,Wess effort to create for or against this, that 4-uierDoi . . . .... ... -uia xne other 10 afi,.T W1 ine ratmca- bwH Z a close1 floors ttee stings held in ho-l'.CtZ ho-l'.CtZ t wert nt 5one in i,;l1,3 Picture of an, totiSL? Panted 'T tthe non of "ofth, ! however. the ""WaaeaT nrs(Iay fter-tj. fter-tj. f0lrti Friday IbTi ntT h were more than SO, five minutes each was allowed. Following each nominating speech came periods of carefully staged hilarity which was supposed to represent enthusiasm, but which In the majority of cases represented noise produced by the pipe organist with the aid of all the loud pedals on the instrument " Gallery Always In Evidence. The exceptions were the demonstrations demon-strations for Governor Smith and Governor Ritchie. In these demonstrations demon-strations the unruly gallery gods took a hand and supplemented the noise made by the pipe organ. To the gallery gods these two candidates candi-dates represented beer, and beer to the galleries was the most important impor-tant subject before the convention. The demonstration for Roosevelt lasted 45 minutes. Then followed that for Speaker Garner, participated partici-pated In by the "Gray Mare band" of Dallas and a goodly number of Texans imported for the purpose. Then came the naming of Governor Smith, and pandemonium broke loose In the galleries, as well as with the Smith delegations. They kept It up for one hour and two minutes, the record for the convention. conven-tion. That ended the afternoon. Four hours gone and three of the nine names before the convention. It began again at nine and through the long weary hours of an all-night session there was speech and ballyhoo, speech and ballyhoo, until four-thirty Friday morning when that part of the job was completed com-pleted and the roll was called on the first ballot for the party's candidate for President The result was: Roosevelt, 606 ; Smith, 201 ; Garner, Gar-ner, 924 ; White, 52; Traylor, 42 ; Byrd, 25;' Reed, 24; Murray, 23; Ritchie, 21 ; Baker, 8. Mr. Roosevelt Roose-velt lacked 103 of the needed two-thirds two-thirds to secure a nomination. Two more ballots were taken without material change in the result, and then, at eight-thirty In the morning morn-ing the weary crowd quit until eight-thirty Friday night. Trades were made during Friday. Speaker John Garner was assured of second place on the ticket if his delegates threw their votes to Roosevelt and the nomination was made on the first ballot taken at the Friday night session, the fourth ballot of the convention, Roosevelt receiving 945 votes, Smith 190, with 12 votes scattered between Ritchie, Baker, White and Cox. The Smith delegations stood loyally loy-ally by their champion to the end, and there was no motion to make the nomination of Mr. Roosevelt unanimous. At the Saturday session Speaker John N. Garner was chosen as the party's candidate for vice president At that session Mr. Roosevelt, who had reached Chicago by plane, was present and was received with tumultuous tu-multuous enthusiasm. He was officially offi-cially notified of his nomination and made his speech of acceptance. The convention opened at 12:45 forty-five minutes late on Monday. Mon-day. The stars of the first performance per-formance were National Chairman Raskob, making his last appearance; appear-ance; Commander Evangeline Booth of the Salvation army and Senator Sena-tor Barkley, temporary chairman. In his opening address the subtle wit of the national chairman was just a bit over the heads of his audience and did not produce the rip-snorting hilarity characteristic of a Democratic convention. Senator Sena-tor Barkley was more to the liking of the delegates and the audience, and his slaps at the Republicans brought down the house and created creat-ed the noisy demonstrations that made it look and sound like a Democratic gathering. The crowd on the opening day was not up to expectations. Chicago Chica-go did not treat their Democratic guests any better than they had treated the Republicans, and a third of the seats In the Stadium were vacant But Chicago knew the fireworks would not start the first day. With the opening of the Tuesday session aU2:50-nfty minutes late -Chicago was all set to witness a real Democratic shindig. There was the promise of a wrap over contested delegations from Louisiana Loui-siana and Minnesota; another over the permanent chairmanship, Walsh vs. Shouse; and a third promised over the two-thirds rule. But the big Chicago audience that filled every available seat was disappointed. The session did not develop on the surface any fights but all the evidence of a Democratic Demo-cratic love feast, except for Senator Sena-tor Iluey Long's castigation of the "bunch of outlaws" that were contesting con-testing the seats of the senator's group of delegates. To be sure it had not been possible pos-sible for the committees on credentials creden-tials and on permanent organization organiza-tion to arrive at unanimous opinions opin-ions and there were minority reports re-ports from both committees brought to the floor of the convention, the vote of the various members of the committees indicating very clearly Just where the strength or weakness weak-ness of the leading candidate lay. The first test came on the seat-Ins seat-Ins of the Long delegation from Louisiana, which was Instructed for Roosevelt, the contesting delegation dele-gation being unlnstructed. Long won. The minority report the adoption of which would have unseated his delegates, was defeated defeat-ed by a vote of 638 to 514. At the suggestion of Senator Barkley the oratory had been confined con-fined to the Louisiana contest and he also suggested that the convention conven-tion dispose of that case before the delegates had "perpetrated" upon them the oratory in the Minnesota contest The speech making in the Minnesota case consisted largely In the orators, and there were several, telling of the virtues of all Minnesota Minne-sota Democrats, only some had more virtues than others, depending depend-ing upon which delegation they belonged be-longed to. The contestants were quite willing to be satisfied with half the honors, and proposed that both delegations be seated, each delegate having half a vote. In the end the contestants were defeated de-feated by a vote of 658 to 402. Walsh Wields Gavel. The settling of these contests was followed by what the chairman referred to as the "controversy" over the selection of the permanent chairman. The Roosevelt majority wanted Senator Walsh, the Smith, Ritchie, Reed, White, Murray, etc., etc., minority wanted Jouett Shouse of Kansas. That "controversy" was productive produc-tive of eulogistic oratory. Ralph C O'Neill of Kansas eulogized Walsh while talking for Shouse, and J. F. Burns of South Carolina ' Js , : , '-fit J , JOHN N. GARNER eulogized Shouse while talking for Walsh. Then came the former Democratic Demo-cratic standard bearer, John W. Davis, Da-vis, who eulogized both Shouse and Walsh, though presumably talking for Shouse. On the roll call Walsh was elected by a vote of 626 to 528. Altogether it was a mild affair. No rip-snorting, roaring, Democratic Democrat-ic demonstrations; no fistic arguments; argu-ments; no real entertainment for the Chicago audience that had purchased pur-chased season tickets at prices up to $50; nothing to Indicate that it was a Democratic national convention conven-tion in session. Wet Chicago went to the convention conven-tion Wednesday night to help the wet Democratic majority put over Its wet plank. It was a roaring, howling, good-natured mob that crashed the gates of the Stadium to the extent of thousand and finally final-ly forced the closing of the doors to the exclusion of large numbers who held legitimate tickets of admission. ad-mission. Genuine Ovation for "At." The one outstanding note of Wednesday night's tumultuous session ses-sion was the reception accorded Smith when he took the platform to speak for the majority liquor plank. He was the hero of the convention, and, regardless of the fact that he will not get their votes, the idol of nine-tenths of the dele-rates. dele-rates. Despite every effort of the V : .. .r. nrdpr that the cnainnuu i w.w - business of the convention might be expedited, me roanus, marching demonstration for Al mlnntes. m & . ha a hard time Tne ill?- Mi J a rallery gods did not want to hear Despite every possible effort on the part of Senator W.d til the biting saruaom ----- ' Into his denunciauuu . t mnh nnbodv was per- . v. th neakers iiP- miuea w - - . porting the plank presented by the po .11 Mia oratorv. minority. m 7 - . .. v, rr not did tlOt wneincr uc . change a single delegate vote, and i "drlDDing wet fdoptedbMToteofOSlto O (Mil if lA rf ' j Cv Vro rtre? rzTtr? ?nv- ' tf SJ, ATE last month there gathered Tvl Af 1 ' x -Vv" "V, near Petersburg, V... . great . . ' fAv ; crowd of people to take part In the :J . . E lt"i V - U 01 de(Ucation of a new national mil- '.'.f.t I J," J, T'-V' 1 fAf.v A - f V5 K " Itary park. Among the public rec - rVntv i ' ii f, 0 MW reaOon areas set aside in this , V, i V f ,1 Tl . - I ! J j A fwM country by the federal govern- J(? jr Ulrll - U-f v Ul if ?Jbt 4 V J ment nattonal military park en- , VjvsJ - ll V- J I U V , ' 1 iiJ ; 4 4 ' iL Joys the distinction of having a .l:H v h .'J ' !i uM purpose. It is a memorial . . lttT S SMJ $ik M 4 I to the historic event which oc- ;. - iO - f SjeStS curred there, a patrioUc shrine WItijij VfJ! A Lie. -- ; ' . a--s ELMO SCOTT WATSON ATE last month there gathered near Petersburg, Va a great crowd of people to take part In the dedication of a new national military mil-itary park. Among the public recreation rec-reation areas set aside in this country by the federal government govern-ment a national military park en-Joys en-Joys the distinction of having a double purpose. It is a memorial to the historic event which occurred oc-curred there, a patriotic shrine to which Americans can come for renewed Inspiration by standing upon the soil made sacred by the sacrifices of previous generations gen-erations of Americans there; and it is a military mili-tary classroom and an outdoor war laboratory where future defenders of the nation may study the lessons in military science which will help them in that defense. The Petersburg national military park Is the fifth and latest of such areas to be established but few of the others are more interesting from either point of view. It derives Its historic interest from the fact that here occurred the dying struggle of the Confederacy, for when the Union army broke through the Confederate lines at Fort Gregg on April 2, 1805, this victory vic-tory ended 9 months and 12 days of siege, "the longest siege on American soil," and It spelled death to the Confederate causa Richmond, the heart of the Confederacy, was cut off from the rest of the South when Petersburg, the head of navigable tidewater and the focus of the various railroads and highways which brought supplies and reinforcements to the capital, fell After that Lee's surrender to Grant at Appamat tox was inevitable, even though It was delayed seven days. As a field for the military student the Peters burg area is important because it has in a fine state of preservation more than 25 miles of fortification with thousands of feet of tunnels still Intact. But the most Important fact Is the similarity between this campaign of more than half a century ago and the principal campaign In the more recent World war. For United States army officers are the authority for the statement that "the military operations con nected with the siege of Petersburg contained every feature of strategy and tactics that be gan in the race from the Marne to the English Channel between the Allied armies and the forces of the Central Powers, each seeking to outflank the other and ending when the Allies burst through the German lines In the Argonne forest Just as the Federals crumpled the Con federate lines at Petersburg." But to the average American, unfamiliar with the Intricacies of military science, the principal appeal of the new national military park, now comprising some 201 acres with the possibility of later having a total area of 510 acres, lies In the numerous "human Interest" angles to the story of this siege and the battles which preceded and followed it In the tales of heroism on the part of both the men who wore the Blue and those who wore the Gray which are con lured up by a visit to this historic place. Early In 1864 Grant balked In every attempt to defeat Lee north of the Confederate capital on thus make eood the war-cry of "On to Richmond t" which had been raised In the earli est days of the war, decided to swing around, cross the James river ana strike Kicnmona from the south. But Petersburg, "the back door ef the Confederacy" stood In the way. The first battle In the fighting around Peters burg although It was little more than a skir mish, furnishes one of the cherished traditions of the lost cause and supplied an Incident In which all Americans can take pride. At that time Petersburg was garrisoned by Wise's veteran brigade but with It stood the Petersburg Peters-burg Home Guard, composed of every old man and young boy who was able to lift a musket nd snneeze a trigger, and it was to this little group less than 200 strong that the glory of June 9, 18G4 goes. fin that date one of Grant's subordinates, Gen. B. F. Butler, sent General Gillmore with 8000 Infantry and General Kauts with 1,500 .Uflirv to "capture Petersburg and destroy thm Armamattox Bridge." The cavalry led the rtvanr and Imirfediately struck a stiff resist ance from the Home Guards. For some time the 200 held the 1,500 at bay, then with half their force dead or disabled the Home Guards -r forced back upon tne aavancing uonrea- .rnt resrulars. But they had held up Klutz's .nr lone enough to save Petersburg. iroin a week later the city might have been taken but for blundering upon the part of the rr!nn renerals which resulted in a fearful loss of their men and led to the prolonged siege of nine months Instead of precipitating a run-fpht run-fpht between Lee, retiring to the west nmt Id hot pursuit During the nine r.r,. whn Petersburg was Invested skir mishes occurred almost daily, totaling some 150 minor engagements. The most famous of these was the spectacular explosion of the Crater, one of the roost dramatic Incidents of the whole war The following account of It Is taken from . fcietnrv of the operations around Petersburg prepared by CapL jenrj juoulbjuc w i ma states army: .mi a reslment of Pennsylvanlans In -m... rorns. the Forty-eighth Infantry, inostly coal miners, and their commander. mining engineer, Lieut-Col. Henry Pleasants, In the latter part of June thought It would start something If it could make a breach in the Confederate line about 130 yards in front of him, by mining Elliott's salient and blowing it up. The idea went forward through channels, received Meade's and Grant's approval, and Burnslde got orders to put it Into effect and exploit the opening. Grant thought enough troops could be poured through the crevasse to capture Petersburg. "Ferrero's negro division was being trained by Burnslde to lead the assault through the breach to be caused by the mine, but Meade and Grant disapproved this and Burnslde had the storm division chosen by 'drawing straws.' The lot fell to Gen. James U. Ledlie, command ing the First division of Burnslde's corps. This, it turned out foredoomed the enterprise to what Grant In his Memoirs called a 'stupendous failure.' Tt was brought out then and by a congres sional investigation later, that Ledlle's 'bad habits' and consequent unreliability were well known In the Union army. It was disclosed that Ledlie stayed behind in a dug-out 'drinking throughout the Crater action and could not be Induced to go out and try to extricate the rem nants of his division from the deathtrap In which they were being torn to shreds piece meal. "Ferrero, following with the negro division, joined Ledlie In the 'bomb proof while bis troops hurried on, soon to be huddling with Ledlle's In the fire-swept Crater until all that could of both divisions recoiled before the rushing rush-ing Confederate counter-charge which reestab lished their line. "Pleasants commenced work at 12 noon, June 25, 18C4, in the ravine between the hostile lines, with Improvised tools and materials and on July 17 the main tunnel, 610.8 feet in length, was completed. Sounds of Confederate counter mining caused Pleasants to stop. Work upon the right lateral gallery at the end of the tunnel was begun at 6 p. m. July 18, regardless of audi ble enemy counter-mining, and work on both right and left laterals was rushed to comple tion July 23. A total of 18,000 cubic feet of earth was excavated. "Four tons of powder were placed In the lat erals July 27 and the miners' tamping was completed com-pleted July 28. Pleasants was ordered to ex plode the mine at 3 :30 a. m. July 30, and lighted the fuse at 3:15 a. m. "The mine failed to explode. Lieut Jacob Douty and Sergt Henry Rees, who volunteered to go In and see why, found the fire had stopped where fuse lengths had been tied together. They spliced fresh ends, lighted the fuse again,' and at IS minutes before 5 a. m. the 320 kegs, con taining 25 pounds each, blew up. "Witnesses felt the earth quake but heard nothing beyond a dull detonation. What they saw, however, was enough. The air above the spot was filled with a mounting cloud or earth men, guns, planks and fragments. Confederates near the Crater ran In every direction, the waiting Union legions shrank back, to escape the shower of debris. Both sides gazed astound ed, appalled. A great hole appeared In the wound. 200 feet long, CO feet wide, 25 feet deep, smoking, dust-shrouded, horrible. "Union artillerymen recovered first Almost Immediately they began laying down a fiery barrage on both sides ot the breach. Five minutes later, blue soldiers la ones, twos and Confederate Fortification Battery 5 groups could be seen running towards the smoking smok-ing Crater. Burnslde and Ledlie had failed to clenr their own defense obstacles and to pre pare passages out of and over their own deep trenches and their storm troops were disordered and delayed accordingly. Not a shot was fired from the Confederate side at first, but by the time the Crater was filled by a huddled mob of foremost men, the Confederate rifles were cracking from flanks and front, hostile guns were throwing gusts of canister, and It was fatal to go beyond that scene of hideous death. "Two hundred and seventy-six Confederates, officers and men, were killed by the explosion of Pleasants' mine. Gallant officers of the Union 'line' sprang out of the death pit and led a few of their bravest men as far ns 100 yards beyond be-yond the Crater's lips, but forward of that none went and nothing could live. Survivors raced back for what shelter the pit could give them. There one after another fell, torn by rifle balls and shell fragments. "Men started despairingly to dig a trench from the Crater back to the Union lines. Men in the lines began to dig a hasty ditch towards the Crater to save what life they could from certain death If the men remained there. To wards noon orders were gotten Into the Crater for the men to withdraw the best they could. They dashed for their lines, suffering heavy loss. The 'fiasco' cost Grant 4,400 men. At about 2 p. m the Confederates of Mahone's division held the Crater and all the horrors that lay In and about It" After Grant's failure at the Crater, the siege of Petersburg dragged on through the fall and winter of 1864. Finally In the spring of 1805 came the climax In the tragedy of Petersburg and In the greater drama of the decline of the Confederacy. This act took place at Fort Sted- man, the remains of which are one of the outstanding out-standing points of Interest In the new national military park today. Captain Montague describes de-scribes the action there and Its results as follows fol-lows : "Fort Stedman was named for Col Griffin A Stedman of Hartford, Conn commanding the Eleventh Connecticut Volunteer Infantry regiment who had fallen In action August 8, 1864. "Confederates pretending to be deserters overpowered over-powered the Union picket line In front of Stedman Sted-man around 3 a. m., March 25, 1865, and were closely followed by the storming party, In three columns, one aimed straight at Stedman, the other two at Its flanking batteries. The sleeping sleep-ing garrisons were captured or fled In a nightmare night-mare of dismay. "Grant and Meade were at City Point to greet President Lincoln, who had come down to attend at-tend a grand review of the Army of the Potomac, Poto-mac, or to be In at the death' as some thought at the time, and It devolved upon General Parke to take command. Parke ordered TIdball te concentrate artillery upon the breach, WIllcox to recapture the last works and Hartranft to concentrate his division, in reserve, and support WIllcox. "Dawn was breaking. Fort Haskell began flank fire upon the Confederates. Hartranft led what formed troops be could find to check the enemy and gain time. Fort Haskell repulsed determined attacks. At 7:30 a. ra. Hartranft received an order to take his assembling division divi-sion and recapture Stedman, now swsnnlng with the enemy. He had the charge sounded 15 minutes later and 'In no time,' as one writer put it the Stars and Stripes were back upon Stedman's parapets. The Confederate wave receded to roll forward no more. "Fifteen days later that happened which had to happen at Appomattox Court House." (3 t WHttra Ntwipapar Colon.) nninn t, |