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Show HERALDS OF FREEDOM N THE Jefferson family burying ground at Monti cello, Ya., stands a stone upon which Is engraved: "Here lies burled Thomas Jefferson, Author of the Declaration of.- Independence, of the Statute of Vlr , glnla for Religions'' of the tmd Father. University of Vlrjnfa." 0) No American would thlak of dig- luting any of jthbse teaAents) for ? he part which Jefferson played In writing the Immortal document whose, anniversary we :elebratei,oa. July 4 Is too well knowVo castaitiy doubt on his right to call himself the Author" 'of It Of course) he had the laid W BnJhrhlAiFfartklln and 'Johrt,'A(1amsr In' hrephrlhgrfhttt Svllfdlf the statement bf thf 'Colonial American had suffered at i the hnrMs'ot thth1 Vjng ahd if their determination tt te'"fle,ftnd' states," iJofcroif'rf, drafjof thk jrMrlnrAt dnof IndependOn'co;' wljfeh Is Virespr ed'ln-' - Frei-dom- : Inde-"penden- .the t' mW'i Lrbfa't-y'.'Qf'jndrAl- number, pf phrasi- rrinrkejl out, and .new ones wrrftfei) Irj .willi ndtnlifonh , on the margin : '!ict;nTi'anklftrf handwriting" or Mr. Iimisrah-- , - , writing." ' lif l Ir ' j Not only .w asf ThduiOA. Jtvffeypoi? , the autluus" ,o( tha Dwlarailmnof Independence to ihe fnet of writing It, but he. was also tbqtnuihpq In the spirit inwhlch ttjwus conqelrod. When Iileliard Henry Doe, of glnla on June 7, 177d,HntroinctoMrv ids ewilut the Continental cong-es. . cIn s tlon declaring that 'tbeftelj United Colonies are, end bfjrlght'WugHb.te, hs be, free and.todcponijtoat soon found that other delegates were not yet ready to gq rfo fniato to1' sever the .bends of the golenlek w Kh the Mother .Country. .Wi So his resolution w'iiTceVrod,!'rf& next day to the congress', sftttng'fiS a committee of the ihole, where It was vigorously debnted. Lee" Snm-ule? Adams, John Aqilm'hihr feta-tt- . . el t i o; r BRISBANE elmo scon By WATSON THIS WEEK April last, and the dread of insurrections . . . are causes sufficient to drive an oppressed people to arms. We, Inhabitants of South Carolina . . thoroughly convinced that under our present distressed circumstances we shall be Justified before God and man In resisting force by force, do , . . associate as a band la her defense against every foe; hereby solemnly engaging that, whenever our continental or provln clal councils shall deem It necessary, we will go forth and be ready to sacrifice our lives and fortunes to secure her freedom and safety." In December, 1775, the English parliament passed the Prohibitory Act which forbade all nations to trade 'with America, and made vessels so trading lawful prizes of war. It makes us Independent In spite of our supplications and entreaties, exclaimed John Adams. In a land ripe for separation from the mother country were now sown seeds which would soon germinate Into a widespread demand for Independence. Those seeds were the burning words of Thomas Paine, the "Firebrand of the Revolution." On January 10, 177G, ras published his "Common Sense." Within a few weeks 100,000 copies had been sold. It became the Rible of the Revolution, found In the hand, of every patriot. It called for absolute Independence without fear and without apologies. Casting off the language of loyalty and humility which the colonists had used In framing AUTOGRAPHS OF THE MECKLENBURG COMMITTEE their petitions to the king and brushing aside (he lawyers pleas onles and that magic word In the character of a "Committeefor chartered rights of Englishmen, was being 6poken. and man," to Issue processes, hear and dePaine boldly challenged not only termine matters of all controversy, . written. according to said adopted lawa, and the king and his ministers, but the Perhaps the honor of being the to preserva peace, union and har- British constitution and the policies mony in aald county; and to use s first to utter It belongs to the of the British government. exertlo-to every love the spread of Sheffield, Mass., who as of country and flra of freedom It Is repugnant to reason, to enrly as January 12, 1773, proclaimed throughout America, until a more Inward order of things, to supthe the grievances and rights of the col- general end organised government he that can tongIn pose established the Province, onies, among them the right of It has often boon pointed out that er remain aubject to any exter-nThe citizens of power. The utmost stretch of in the same colony and In the this declaration contains many of human wisdom cannot at this time the Ideas some and of the very same year, also passed resolutions a plan short of separaand compass forms aftof phrases expression three fundamental propcontaining he tion!" erwards declared In his ringing used by Jefferson In the ositions of the Declaration of Inde' for document which was Independence. plea the adopted by pendence Itself that all men have .From that time events moved to an equal right to life and liberty, Continental congress a year later, that this right Is Inalienable, and (Those phrases are printed In blnck-fac- a swift climax. On May 5, 177Gi type In the quotation above.) provincial convention met In' Virthat government must originate In An consent the free of the people. explanation for that fnct may ginia to frame a new constitution. John Adams had been outspoken In be found In the statement of John On May 15 resolutions were adopted asking congress to declare separahis advocacy of Independence for Spencer Rnssett, one of the few reIntroLee cent historians who mentions the tion from Great Britain. These reso more than a year before duced his resolution In congress Mecklenburg Declaration. In his Short History of the United and he hnd avowed it In letters, which the Rrttlsb Intercepted In States," he says: "A copy of these July, 177R, and printed In a Roston resolutions was sent to Englnnd, where It Is preserved, and they were newspaper. also printed In a Charleston newspawe tradition a If However, accept which seems to have considerable per. The original was destroyed by basis of fact, then the first real Dec- fire, and being rewritten from memory survived In a form resembling laration of Independence w as adopted In Mecklenburg county, North the national Declaration of Independence. Many people hnve tnkon this Carolina, on May 81, 1775. Accordwhose date,. May 20, Is supbutpnper, the news of ing to this story, tles of Concord and Lexington posed to be aecounted for by the reached this county w hlle the militia dlfferenee between new and old chronology, for the resolutions accompanies were met for their regutually passed on May 81. This lar muster. Thereupon the MecklenMecklenburg Declaration of Indeburg patriots, most of them Scotch-IrisIs not supported by reliapendence these Presbyterians, passed ble contemporary evidence, nnd Is resolutions: the best. histoResolved, That whosoever directly tjow rejected by rians." In or Indirectly sbetted, or any way, form, or manner countenanced, th Is In contrast to unchartered and danfreroua Invasion this statement In this, however,. Windsors Justin. of our rlshta, aa claimed by Great Thomas pajne Rrltaln, la an enemy to thla country, "Nnrratlve and Critical History of to America, and to the Inherent and America": liltlons were drafted b.v' Edmund tnnllennble rlahta of Man. It has been etrenuouely claimed Pendlettm, a member of the commitReaolved that wa. the cltlsena of and denied that, at a meeting of the Mecklenburg county, do hereby dla people of Mecklenburg county In tee of correspondence in 1773 and vihlrh have band aolve Ihe political of the First Continental congress, North Carolina, on May 0, 1775, connected ua to tha mother country, were their passed and president of the Virginia Comdeclaring rnelvra from and hereby abaolvo of Great Britain. The mittee of Safety. Two days preall allegiance to the Itrltlah Croon, Independence In facta the case appear to he these: and abjure all political connection, tire convention liad Indorsed viously On of the the 1775, Jtst people May, contract, or association with that NaDeclaration of Rights which had of thle county did pasa reaolutlnne tion, who bava wantonly trampled quite abreast of the pubtlo sentiheed prepared by George Mnson, ment of that time, hut not venturing who had also been a member of the on the Held of Independency further Committee 6f .Safety. ' to than any that these resolutions In were to remain force till Great Composed' of 16 Articles, the reBritain resigned It pretentions. semblance of the great document of wet-writThese resolutions were July 4 drnfted by Jeffqrson to Maten, attracted notice, and wera copied In tha leading newspapers of sons work Is a striking one. Oil the colonlea. North end South, end June 29 Virginia adopted the first can be found In varloua later works. written constitution of a. free apd A copy of the South Caroling . containing them was sent by Independent state In America. Governor Wright of Georgia to Lord 'But even 'beforl that' tlme slgnlfl-can- t Dartmouth and waa found by Banevents were taking 'place- In croft In the State Taper Office, while In the Sparka manuscript' la Philadelphia whece the Second Conthe record of g copy sent to the tinental congress, was In session. On home government by Governor MarJune 7, Richard Henry Lee of Virtin of North Carolina with a letter ginia. obeying th dated June SO, 1776. Of these mandaje given him by the Virginia .convention In there la no doubt In 1793 or earlier, aomo of thk the resolutions passed on May 15, actors tn the proceeding, apparentoffered In congress Ihlsresolution;' ly Ignorant that tha record of these "Resolved, That these United Colresolutions had been preserved In tha newspapera, endeavored to suponics are, and of right oftght to le, ply them from memory, unconsciousfree and Independent states, that EDMUND PENDLETON ly Intermingling aoma of tha phrase.' they are absolved from all- alleof tha 4th Declaration of July upon 'our rights and liberties, and ology which In them the gave congress, giance to the British Crown, and Amerof blood shed tha Inhumanly a of tone pronounced Independency. that all political connection between ican patrlota at Lexington, Trobahly through another dimness them and the state erf Great Brltirin Resolved, That wa do hereby deof memory they affixed the data of ; frea and Independclare onrarlrea SO, 1775. to them. These were Is. and ought to be, . totally disent peoplet are, and of right ought May In solved." tha flrst Raleigh Register printed . i ' to he, a ooverrlgn and on SO, ISIS. They are found assoolntlon, under control of no to April The of Locke philosophies aomo In and. resemhlo tha power other than that of our God, now known resolvea of respects aa Sidney and Harrington were bearMay Slat, of tha Government and tha general well aa tha national Declaration of ing their fruit The words of Iaine Congress; to the maintenance of Independence. In 1829 Martin printwe eolemaly which Independence ed them, much altered. In hla "North and Tendtoton and Muson were pledge tn each other one mntoat cohut It la not known about to flower Into ji document Caraollna," operation, our live, onr fortune and where hla copy came from. In 18S1 which Thomas Jefferson was to pen. our moat sacred honor. the state printed tha text of tha It would begin : "Wherein the course Resolved, That aa wa now acrecforttoed end It 1819 with copy, knowledge the existence and control end certificates of persona of human events. It becomes necesof no law or legal officers, civil or ollections that affirming they wera present sary for one people to dissolve the we do military, within thla country, wera passed or political bands which have connect-resolutions tha when aa a rule hereby ordain and adopt SOth. them with another," etc. AhJ It of life all, each, and every of our the Rut If there Is doubt as to the would end with these former lawa; wherein, nevertheless, ringing words; the Crown of Great Britain never authenticity of this purported action ". . . solemnly publish and declare! can ba considered aa holding rights, by the North Carolina patriots, there That these United Colonies are, and privileges. Immunities or authorities Is no doubt of subsequent actions of therein. Right ought to be Free and indeelsewhere In which the keynote was pendent States . . . And for Resolved, That It la further dethe creed that alL each, and every milifreedom"or Independence " On J une of this Declaration, with a hereby 3 the provincial congress of South support tary officer on thla county la firm reliance on the protection of reinstated In his former command Carolina adopted this "association": Divine Providence, we mutually and authority, he acting conformThe actual commencement of hos- pledge to each other our ably to these regulations; and that Lives, our fcvery member present of this deletilities against this continent by Fortunes, and our sacred Honor." n civil ba henceforth shall gation the British troops, on the 19th of C Wtitere Newipeper I'nlo. officer, via.; a Justice of th Peace Wp Jzmy clti-en- t Men-do- -' al n, e GEORGE MASON dally Jefferson, all of whom wore regarded us the radicals" of the congress, urged Its adoption. Rut the "moderates," tod by John Dickinson of peensvlveti'a, povai-in-the congress to postpone action for a little wnile. liuMctcr, Uio niun.i.s did prevail upon the Congress to appoint a committee to draft a declaration of Independence, lest any time be lost In case the congress agree to the resolution." Four of this committee Jefferson, Franklin, John Adams and Roger Sherman were radicals" and the moderates" were represented on it by only one man, Robert Livingston l of New Turk. Knrlv In.tbeir ftoUh. orations the comnilttee assigned to Jefferson the tusk of peopling i of the documeut,,. Tluis,,.lt was that he became the ?uttur" f the charter of American liberties, As such, the grqnt Virginian is entitled to all the honehat has been .paid him, Rut It does not tie- tract from his fame to pay! tribute to some of the ptbej heralds of freedom whose work was a nerCsshfy preliminary to his. For thaf Amerlcuns alionld be' mote familiar thnn tonat of them'aVe with' the names of four Englishmen ' -John Locke Algernon t - rbn-so- (1G32-I70t),- Sidney ton 1 (1R22-83),- (1G11-77- ) n, and' Jantos"'irarrtng-Thbrii&s ' 'Pftlnei whnsei political philos) ophy was embodied' n'H He UiiVin ration of Independence. ' I t Of that document, Juffersqn kite? said: f Neither aiming. originality of principle or ; sentiment,!) nor yet copied from any! ptrMc!ajr.or previous writings, 'R wps jut,enjied to be an expression-o- f the American mind, and to' give to'that. expression the proper tone and 'spjrlt called, fot by the occasion." 'Srt .even, uipugh he did not copy from any; particular or previous writings," his famlb (1737-1S00- 1 , larlty with Harrington's "Oceana? !(1CM), Lockes "Two Treatises, on 'Government" (169), Shlpeys 'JDIs-course- s .Concerning 1C0S) CoTwriunotU" and Values 'Cpniipon. Souse" undoubtedly was .inflected either In his writing, . . , ; Americans should be'tmus familiar also with the names WtWd bthfer Virginians, Edmund Pendleton 'ahd Ceorge Mason, "authors" of a document which was a direct nneegtdr of the Jefferson ma8terpleeb.' ,lh'fiict, fully two years before 'ho dnifted his declaration the Meg of separation from the Mother T'Hunlry1 bad rbeen gaining strengthen5 the cot- (177G) i ' ' ,i .. i gjci.y , ll, h Ga-aet- te - reso-tto- ns . Lightweight Lives Long Eyes, Also, Work Japan Will Oblige The Russian Letdown Gilbert K. Chesterton, dead at weighed more than two h n n d r e d and fifty pounds. As every doctor will surmise, he died of heart disease, nis weight explains the unnecessarily early death. A pump breaks down If you overwork It; a heart breaks down If you compel It to supply Mxty-tw- o. NewfeeadUmd Deg Utefel Although not a common dog, the Newfoundland Is admired and used for various purposes In many parts of North America as well as In foreign countries. To see this breed at work Is enough to make one appreciate Its qualities and the way it can be adapted to many taska It truly is a working breed in every sense of the word. It can be used as a sled dog. In some parts of the North country may be seen the Newfoundland carrying small packs on his hack like a miniature pack horse. Then this breed often Is asked to haul a cart, much like the SL Bernard Is used by the Swiss fanners to haul milk carts to town. Utopia and Utopian Utopia Is the name of an Imaginary Island described In the work of Sir Thomas More, In which was found the utmost perfection In laws, politics, and social arrange-ment- a Mores romance obtained a wide popularity, and the epithet with blood-fo- od, Utopia" has since been applied to drink, oxy- all schemes for the improvement too many gen of society which are deemed Imbillions of cells. Every cell In the body must have, practicable. from a laboring heart, its supply of Canto of Cataracts food and oxygen, pumped every secy the progressive Cataract, ond. of lens of the crystalline The brain, alone, contains thirty thousand million separate cells, ac- the eye, can be caused by an elecform of cording to Doctor Carrel. In hla 100 trical discharge, la the t or a either lightning carried surplus pounds, Chesterton scores of billions of useless cells, lash. Usually, writes S. A. Moneach making an unnecessary de- ica, Hollywood, California, to Colliers Weekly, the length of time mand on the heart. Do not let yourself remain fat that elapses between the discharge after forty if you would live to be and complete blindness Is from old. To become thin and stay thin a year to a year and a half.requires some effort of the will, Locqttt' Odd Markings often more dlsagrecablo than dying. The adult locust resembles a harmarkvest fly, but has workAt one of the near of and each end the ers meetings In France, the red flag ings retwo Is of front a the mark and the communist wings displayed hymn sung, there was sembling the letter "W." There was radical and determined talk. Mon- a tradition that the W" stood for sieur Thorez told the meeting the war that might be expected whenlocusts appear. factories of France would soott be- ever the long to the workers. If the plan Is sent through some AllipLce Trees workers would discover that It takes Allspice trees bear abundant anmore than a red flag and a hymn to nual cropa Often as much as 150 run a factory and moke ft pay; If pounds of berries are gathered from factories did not pay there would a single tree.. About of be' no pay rolls. Brains count as the crop comes Into the United well as hands. The eyes carry no States and ultimately finds Its way load, but they direct the feet and lnte delectable, foods. bands. Our Worldly Hopes'South China thought fehe wanted Worldly hopes are not living but a war with Japan, and will prob- dying hopes; they die off before ably have It Troops from a Jap-- ' ns, and we live to briry them and ancse naval squadron land at Amoy, see our folly In trusting to them ; Fukien province, accompanied by but at the utmost they die with the usual convincing- flock of alr--. us when we die, and cad accomplanes. ua no further. pany War with Japan Is the easiest thing to have, If you really Want it, ld ng d Indiana-Farmer- s . : i have now. Totem Animats Among savage peoples It Is that some peculiar kind f animal Is the guardian of each clan or local group. This animal Is the totem and must be shown proper respect The savage believes that he Is descended from his totem. His clan Is named from It and Identified by crude symbols or Images of It These may be embroidered oa tents, carved on posts, or tattooed on the body. When a totem animal dies It Is burled with the same rites at corded a member of the clan, d lntrans-rarenc- Highest Falls The Grand falls, in Labra-flofsaid to be 2,000 feet high. Suther. land falls, New Zealand, are l.oo; feet high. The upper Yosemlte fall is 1,436 feet the middle one G26 feet and the lower 400 feet. The falls of Gavarnle In France are to British 1,385 feet Columbia,. 1,200. feet Victoria and Niagara, the two most magnificent falls, are respectively 400 and JCi feet high. , short-circui- red-oran- ultra-radic- 71-ye- Head of Liberty on Coin ' The head of Liberty has been used on American coins from the foundation of the Republic. When the law was proposed Initiating coinage R contained a- clause ordering that Coins bear the bust of the President In .office at the time the coins were struck. This met with opposition and the head of Liberty .was substituted. one-thir- d Coal Mining Affects Longs After a miner has worked for a year his lungs are no longer normal The (nan might under-groun- d look healthy enough and Ms coal output seems often to belie the truth that his htogs are affected.-BuIt Is a fact There have been cases where parts of the lungs of miners have been found to.be almost solid lumps of coal . In' Cuntorl, South Chinas big . mass meetings were organized' to. Increase and express hatred of Japan. The outpourlpg recalls Voltaires' description of a giqss of English beor "froth at the top, dregs at the ' bottom." t Ity, parades- and Russian sovietism enme quickly, and might go quickly; signs of a breakdown are seen already. Those that do more and better work get special rewards; engineers, chemists, scientists occupy line apartments' compared with those of ordinary workmen. That is hardly 00 ' . "straight communism." Now Rus- sia will have a constitution and house of parliament, important fcteis In the direction of conservatism.. . Tell yonr .little boy and girl to Include In their prayers the following: . And please. Lord, do not send us any more wars." Uncle Sam recently began delivering hundreds of millions of bonns bond dollars to 8,518,000 veterans of veterans and a big the war-m- any hpnns, for a war In which we' were not concerned until, foolishness pushed PS In. toAYj ARE - The French Premier Elunv, flrst Jewish prime mihlstej: In French hisunusual ability, tory, Is a, man combining common sense with the radicalism of his Socialist party. Mr. Jlirchall writes to the' New York Times that there; Is fear of outbreaks In France; ob- servers sde a gfound swell of .an r antl-Sonrit- lc npwment 'In the. clous attacks of the right against anti-Semiti- c the pew Jewish premier." French according to.- Mr. i Blrchall, has survived the Dreyfus .case, which should have ended It. anti-Semitis- CLEAN, CAREFREE COOKING . with the HOTPOINT ELECTRIC' $ RANGE These new ranges are prac- tically They self-cookin- g. create no dirt, nor Soot. No pots nor pans to scour. Per- Eec! cooking results. . e I Our railroads find it hard to make but at least they are safe railroads.' W. Averell Harrlman presented a gold safety medal from the fund established lu memory of his father, E. H. Ilarrlman, to F. E. Williamson, president of the New York Central, which has not lost one Jlfe money, In 12 years. , 10 HER ..Enjoy - i usefulness throughout the centuries In the activities of the people of tfcu world, says a writer to Guide. Early man ncle rope as best he conld by twisttor many types of vegetation Into a crude cordage for his hunting, fist. Ing and possible farming needs Later (200 B. C.) Moschlon says the ship Syracusla," built for Herod H was rigged with hempen rope; These early ropes were made by hand and were Clumsy, coarse and of Inferior strength compared with the smooth, even and tightly twist. ed machine-mad- e ropes that 3 ... YOU CAN HAVE ONE OF THESE BEAUTIFUL, MODERN RANGES IN YOUR HOME . ON VERY EASY TERMS. Drop in and look them over. . It Is Interesting to learn from Mr. Ripley that the flrst Cunard steamship did not carry as many passengers as could be carried by one of the lifeboats on the Queen Mary. What Is more Important, each lifeboat has wireless apparatus. The last chapter In the Lindbergh murder and kidnaping tragedy Is written with the return to Colonel Lindbergh of $14,GG5 held by New Jersey as evidence agulnst Hauptmann. 6 King Feature Syndicate, Inc. WNU Service. ELECTRIC RANGES Electricity Is The Biggest Bargain In The Home OTAM POWEia & MGEHT C. - j t |