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Show THE HELPER TIMES. HELPER. UTAH (Bemieipsill IPeipsDmmn Stary CHAPTER XXIX Continued. But the conditions of service in France demanded more serious attention to these essentials, not only as a matter of pride but because of the general effect upon morale and efficiency. Good discipline Is the first requisite to successful military effort, and the degree of Its enforcement In a command is an almost certain Index of the character of performance to be expected In battle. Likewise, an officer or soldier who takes no pride In his personal appearance Is usually found careless In other respects and to that extent less reliable In time of stress. It need hardly be added that those of this class who came under my observation and did not Immediately respond to correction were very soon replaced. ofl tHtoe A countries North Americas Newspaper Alliance. LE "You know, we are a nation of cooks and we delight in pre- paring things to eat." After their instruction the cooks In these units did better, thanks to the Initiative of this fine old French general. Secretary Baker arrived at Brest March 10, as my dairy showed, and I met him and his party in Paris the next morning. The secretary's party consisted of Maj. Gen. W. M. Black, chief of engineers; Lieut. Col. M. L. Brett; Commander K. D. White of the navy, and Ralph Hayes, his secretary. It was essential that the secretary receive every opportunity to Inspect our whole layout, from the front areas to the services of supply, that he might become familiar with plans, observe the progress made toward their completion, and obtain Information of our requirements, all of which he was especially anxious to do. Leaving Paris March 12 we Inspected our most important ports, depots, first-han- d d JSt h g - -- . ,- h late at night during airplane attack. Branch of Judge advo- - , cate general's office established at my headquarters. Upon Colonel Bradley's remedical supplies port of on hand, sent urgent cable re- -' quest immediate shipments. A. .Cabled disapproval of suggestion by Mr. Paderewski for organization of division of men with Polish antecedents. Secretary of War Baker landed at Brest today. French Train U. S. Cooks. Maud'huy Major General spoke with considerable enthusiasm of the rw'n and of the ofdificers of the Twenty-sixt- h vision, below regimental 80-da- y Scandinavian. JUL vantage of the defense. The overespewhelming force of sixty-fou- r cially trained German divisions out of their one hundred ninety-twthen on the western front compelled the British lines to yield. Although at the end of the first day the Fifth army had not entirely given away, Its losses had reached several thousand, and there was no question that the Germans were making a serious attempt to separate the British and French armies. British Pushed Back 37 Miles. The last one of Gough's reserves was put In on the second day, yet he received no support to stop the widening gap in the British front until the following day, when one French Infantry division and one French dismounted cavalry division arrived. One the 24th four others got Into position. These divisions and others that came in the next two or three days were put Into battle by General Fayolle without regard to the Integrity of units or the order of their entry, some of them being very short of ammunition. The British Fifth army was evidently overwhelmed from the start, o u, Sixty-eight- Re- production in whole or is part prohibited.) ElLotLSlh- - rr4? ri-T- igjggp . k lected. I was not present at the Doullens conference, but upon learning of its action It seemed essential that General Foch himself should know our desire to do what we could to strengthen the allies. The British loss was then estimated at not less I recall meeting Lord than 150,000. Northcliffe Starch 24 and found him almost unable to speak of It, so many of his friends had lost relatives. The depression among their people was probably worse than at any other period of the war. Among the French there was much anxiety as to the safety of Paris and there was talk of the government having to move to Bordeaux again, as it bad done in 1914. The allied lines had not been stabilized and although I had offered our troops to Petain It seemed to me that it might be well to make it emphatic that I was ready to put Into battle everything we could muster. I had often thought of the possibility of having to do this, and I went to find out the situation and let General Foch know our attitude. Gives Word to Foch. As we entered General Foch's . f -- L l mi Ml ii.iiii Ares 'yill'el V "" Rrnvoiioe Deiie5 x V LOCATION AMERICAN DIVISIONS MARCH 20,1918 m International Battle line bdy..- Numerals indicate Divisions i circled numerals those not in line. O - SO O Arras0 V Li V SO 100 -- u SedanLX. kOO - MILES r 150 KILOMETERS ( m .. a III When the Washington Memorial at Valley Forge i( completed, at s cost of $20,000,000, the United States will posses! one of the outstanding memorials of the world. Alread) the chapel has been called "The American Westminster." This chapel is the first of the great series of buildings which will compose the memorial, and tourists gather from every state: in the Union as well as from other countries, to see the unique group as they rise, one by one, crowning the summit where Washington's army camped during the terrible winter of 1777-78- . mm SINGLENESS OF PURPOSE IN REVOLUTION Revolutionary Victories. Civil and military events moved rapidly. Revolutionary organization took the reins of government from British officials, even In the royal colonies. The battle of Bunker Uill was fought Later the British were forced to evacuate Boston, and New England was thus cleared of hostile troops. Ethan Alien and Benedict Arnold led forces that captured the forts at Tlconderoga and Crown Point. Montreal was captured, but Quebec withstood attack, and the He was aged to obtain the appointment of a committee to draw up a declaration. While the committee was engaged in the work of drafting, the proponents whipped up support for the resolution. On July 1 it received the votes of nine state delegations, and on a later date the vote was unanimous. Colonies United. The Declaration of Independence was born on July 4, when the report of the committee composed of Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman and Robert R Livingston was unanimously adopted. It was born one year and three months after the fighting at Lexington and Concord ushered in armed hostility between the Colonies and the mother The Fourth of July Union. Nation's Firm Foundation. Rarely does history show a parallel cse of a nation, springing from a revolution, proving as stable as the United States has been during the 105 years of Its existence. There can be no gainsaying that-thistability has proceeded largely from the circumstances of the nation's birth. There was no abrupt break with the past, as has been the case with many European and Latin American and South American republics. The American Revolution evolved aaturally from the American people's political maturity and strength. And the evolution of American institutions, for the good of us all, must proceed In the future as In the past slowly, and upon firm ground. npprecl- - When I expressed my atlon of his action, he snld: country. Subsequent events proved bow beneficial to the new nation this slow birth was. The happening of the fifteen months had taught the Colonies to work In unison, and had given them a common outlook. They showed their strength and singleness of purpose in their successful prosecution of the war, and, that ended. In the strong government they created. True that government In Its early days often had trouble maintaining its authority, but It was never seriously endangered until the occasion of the Civil war. The outcome of that struggle settled for all time the question of the oneness of the American To the sages who spoke, to the heroes who bled, To the day and the deed, strike of glory! the Let the song of the ransomed remember the dead. And the tongue of the eloquent hallow the story! O'er the bones of the bold Be the story long told. And on fame's golden tablets their triumphs enrolled, Who on freedom's green hills freedom's banner unfurled, And the beacon-fir- e raised that gave harp-strin- light to the world! They are gone mighty men! and they sleep in their fame; Shall we ever forget them? Oh, never, no, never! Let our sons learn from us to embalm each great name, And the anthem send down "Independence forever!" Wake, wake, heart and tongue! Keep the theme ever young; Let their deeds through the long line of ages be sung Who on freedom's green hills freedom's banner unfurled, And the beacon-fir- e raised that gave light to the world I Charles oprague. Franklin's Famous Toast At the conclusion of the war Franklin, the English minister and the French minister were dining together, and a toast from each was requested. The British minister began: "George III, who. like the sun In its meridian, spreads a luster throughout and enlightens the world." The French minister followed. "The lllustratlous Louis XVI, who, like the moon, sheds mild and benignant rays upon and Influences the globe." Franklin then followed : "George Washingcommander of ton, the American armies, who. like Joshua of old, sun commanded the and moon to stand still and they obeyed hira." ) y( i 'i '! . pi former place had to be abandoned. of southern torles to Attempts break the power of the Revolutionists failed. Meanwhile the king had replied to the congress' declaration. He denounced the Americans as rebels and forbade commercial relations with them. An act blockading the Colonial ports was passed by parliament. The ..ingress retaliated by opening American ports to vessels of all nations In disregard of the British navigation acts. Step to Independence. With affairs at this pitch, public opinion still did not favor a severance from Great Britain. The first official act that showed the turn of the tide came in May, 177(3, when the congress suggested that each colony form a government bused on the asgttimption that the crown's authority was no longer binding. The first move toward independence came In the same month, not from the congress, but from the provincial convention of Virginia, which Instructed the Virginia congressional delegates to propose a This resolution of independence. was done on June 7 by Richard Menry Lee. The delegates as a whole, however, were not yet prepared for so decisive a step. The vote on the resolution was postponed, but the proponents of the measure man- - General scrupulous regarding their In-- f struetion. to which he gave special attention. He was very solicitous of the welfare of our troops, even going so far as to Interest himself In the preparation of their food by detailing French conks to teach ours the art. t v iii The W ashinglon Memorial chapel at V alley Forge, and at right, the Porch of the Allies. The small pictures show the front and rear of the Litany desk in the chapel $ Trauh, one of the brigade commanders, but was of the opinion that the higher officer, generally, needed more experience to make them efficient. American troops that served with General Maud'huy held him in high esteem. rn'Jl.Xi.vHrifS f Li Ky-dF- and especially praised complimented If forces. . - 24 It developed that the French divisions had received orders that If the enemy continued his drive in the direction of Amiens they were to fall back so as to cover Paris. Marshal Halg, fearing that this would result In separating the two armies, at once communicated the situation to his government This brought about an Important conference at Doullens March 2(5 between members of the Britlsn and French governments, in which it was decided that some authority should be designated to coordinate the action of the two armies, and General Foch was se- n I X mander. March Clemenceau, The separation of the Thirteen Foch, Petain and Loucbeur were Intently United States of America from studying a map spread out on the Great Britain had the slowness and table. The situation was pointed Inevitability of a natural growth. out to me, showing that already The fruit ot Independence did not the British had used thirty divi- drop from tlitpareut branch until sions and the French seventeen It had been matured by events and against the Germans' seventy-eigh- t reached full rieness. When the It seemed to be the opinion second Continental congress asPershing in Tin Hat that the British Fifth army was sembledon May 10, 1775 the were sent getting back on Its feet and that skirmish at Lexingfem and Concord yet no to Gough until the 24th, and then the lines would hold for the time was but three weess old and the being. siece of Boston iw unorganized only one division, no others arrivI I had come to bands of New Engenders had be ing during the first week. By the see intimated that General and Foch the others fifth day the German forces had gun. driven a salient into the British withdrew into the yard, leaving us The congress had wen rebuffed I told hira alone. Amerithat the miles deep front some thirty-seveby the British king, vvho had recans were anxious to do ready and and were threatening the important fused to receive its "Peclaration in this crisis, that I was of railway center of Amiens, the cap- their part Bights and Grievances." That to him send any troops we document ture of which would probably have willing bad been drawn up as an made a complete breach between had, and asked for suggestions as ultimatum to the mothAr country. to how we might help. He was evithe French and British armies. The king's reply had been Indirect, In the moment of greatest stress, dently very much touched and In but clear. He had begun military when it seemed very doubtful his enthusiasm took me by the arm and naval preparations toput down whether the German advance could and without hesitation rushed me "rebellion." ( be stopped, General Petain sent the out across the lawn to where the this state of affairs reDespite me to asked others and stood, to his armies: following order few members of the congress, If "The enemy has hurled himself peat what I had said to him. desired separation. Benjamin Inany, of showed keen course, They, upon us in a supreme effort later said that the first Franklin SI. as Clemenceau, terest, especially "He wants to separate us from word he had heard in favor of InGenI them I to said told had what the English so as to open the way dependence was In March, 1775. to Paris. Cost what it may, he eral Foch. Colonel Boyd, my aid, John Jay afterward said that the unwas kind to that, enough say must be stopped. first talk of separation he heard Stand-- f der the inspiration of the moment, "Hold your ground I was In the fall of that year. firm I Our (American) comrades my French was spoken with a fluOlive Branch Extended. are arriving. All together you will ency that I could not have masBut however far separation was throw yourselves upon the invader. tered ten minutes before or after. from their thoughts, the members Pershing's Offer of Troops. "The battle Is on. Soldiers of It appeared in the French papers of the congress had cast the die. the Marne, of the Yser and of VerI feel and they staunchly adhered to its dun, 4 call upon you. The fate of the next morning, although certain that It was written up In impress. They issued a "DeclaraFrance hangs In the balance." much better French than I actution of the Causes and Necessity Pershing Offers Aid. used. of Taking up Arms," In which they The reports from the front gave ally The English translation follows: professed loyalty to the crown and an extremely dark picture of dis"I have come to tell you that the the "resistance by force" aster, and I felt we should do American people would consider it justified of the Colonies. The declaration asto render possible everything a great honor for our troops to be expressly stated that "we mean sistance. It was to offer General engaged In the present battle; I not to dissolve that union which Petain such of our troops as could ask you for this in their name and has so long and so happily subbe used that I went to Complegne my own. sisted between us." March 25. t "At this moment there are no The declaration was dispatched, The general's customary con- other questions but of fighting. fident and nonchalant attitude was all and pending a response, the conaviation, artillery, "Infantry, entirely gone and he wore a very that we have are yours; use them gress took steps to make the ColI told him as onies' "resistance by force" effecworried expression. you wish. Slore will come, lu tive. It took control over the army that for the moment I should waive numbers equal to requirements. the idea of forming the I corps "I have come especially to tell besieging Boston, appointed ofllcers and that any of our divisions that you that the American people will and called upon the state governcould be of service were at his be ments to raise arms and men. It proud to take part In the greatdisposal, but with the qualifying est battle of history." appointed George Washington comremark that of course we should mander in chief of the armed (TO BE CONTINUED.) I 2 r farmhouse headquarters near ENGLAy S gs5Essi jEB loot forward eventually to their assembly under their own com- their conduct of trench raids, lie HEROES REVOLUTIONARY Including the Ligny-en-Barro- " MEMORIAL TO AMERICA'S World rig htt h " by th WNU Serrlca CHAPTER XXX Frequent German raids and renew! activities all along the front by "March 1, 1918, Indicated the hospitals, regulating stations, mogreat German offensive might start tor parks and schools, and returned at any time. The French general staff thought the allies would be March 17 to my headquarters at able to bold without serious diff- Chaumont. The main air service school at icult until we could help, but It wis j doubtful enough to cause Issoudun, which we visited, was a hive of activity, being one of the grave apprehension. InIt was depressing to think that fifteen schools where early Genten months had elapsed since our struction In flying was given. Foulois and Colonel Kllner entry into the war and that we eral were just barely ready with one went with us through the school, the shops and the Ked Cross and division of 25,000 men. I think the secreSly dairy shows the following "Y" buildings. tary was surprised to see here the notations : really expert flying considered Chaumont, Wednesday, March necessary to prepare aviators for 6, 1918. Heavy German raid their hazardous life at the front repulsed by First division Friday morning. The enemy also Moving Supplies to Troops. diviraided the Twenty-sixtAt Gievres, about 125 miles dioff. were driven sion lines and rectly south of Paris, on our main Went to line of supply, running to the front, Clemen-ceaM. meet were 20,000 men employed under Sunday to who came to congratulate Col. Charles J. Symmonds, managsuccess the First' division on ing our largest Interior depot. To illustrate the celerity with repulsing raid. Met General which the system operated we need Debeney, who was enthusiastic over conduct of our men. take but one example, which ocSpent the night at First dicurred when everything v in the vision headquarters. depot was In full swing. to Langres with Motored At 8:15 one morning in August Harbord Monday to speak at a telegram was received ordering opening of second session of exactly 4,596 tons of supplies, ingeneral staff college. Germans cluding 1,250,000 cans of tomatoes. dimade raid on 1,000,000 pounds of sugar, 000,000 vision that morning. cans of corned beef, 750,000 pounds Upon conclusion of this inspecof tinned hash and 15,000 pounds tion of the First division I consid-- - of dry beans. At 6:15 o'clock in ered It ready to take the offensive the evening, or just ten hours later, any time. It had been eight this colossal requisition, which months In France, with varied ex457 cars for transport, was periences In training, had occupied loaded and on its way to the adan independent position In the St. vance depot. Mlhiel sector and had made several No other place gave such an imsuccessful trench raids. pression of the tremendous task of The front occupied by the One supplying our armies and the perHundred and regiment, fection of organization necessary near Badonvillers, had been under to do it efficiently. a severe artillery attack on the The secretary got a bird's-ey- e fourth and a trench moftar platoon view of the general plan which had been almost completely de- would provide the supplies for an stroyed. The French army com- army of 2,000,000 and which, with General additional construction, would be mander congratulated Menoher on the way In which our able to meet the demands of an troops repulsed this raid. After army twice that size. an inspection of the different regiBack at Ch'aumont I received ments of the division and a visit word that arrangements had been went to the scene of this action, I made for the shipment of six dito the hospital to see the wounded. visions for training with the BriEighty-seconThey were all very cheerful, es- tishthe Seventy-seventSeventy-eightTwenty-eightpecially a young officer, Lieut. A. ,AV. artillery Terrell, Fifty-firs- t Eightieth and Thirtieth. regiment, who had lost a leg. He said that he wanted to stay through CHAPTER XXXI to the end of the war, and hoped March 21 the great German offenhe could find something to do as a sive began against the British All these first contacts armies between the Oise and the 'clerk. with the enemy were relatively Scarpe, near the Junction of the small affairs, of course, but they French and British lines, on a front furnished many examples of what about fifty miles in length, extendwe could expect of the American ing from near La Fere to Arras. oldier. Near the center of the attack was My dairy notes this : General Gough's Fifth army, with Paris, Sunday, March 10, the Third army under General 1918. Spent Thursday morn-InByng on its left. with Kernan, Lnngfitt and g The artillery bombardment Atterbury and made adjustthe Infantry advance was ments In port and railway conof short duration, but of great instruction and management Vistensity, with excessive use of gas ited Camp de Maiily, where shells. Following a heavy barrage seacoast artillery Is 'having the German Infantry, using the Gen-- , under splendid training same tactical methods that had eral Coe. been so successful at Riga and On Friday visited Edwards' delivered Its blow. The division serving on Twenty-sixtweather favored the enemy as a Chemin des Dames under Genheavy fog continued Intermittently eral Maud'huy, the French corps for three days, much to the disad in Arrived I'aris commander. Forty-secon- Nation's Treasured Historic Shrine (Cotrrig-ht,ig31,tna- Neufchateau $J if ? uua. 1' ft V. Jr fcr.a, jartti mtt. Wta .. .. ....i. rti ..as .ftdlfo, s '' i -- . t k f : a 1 1 ,.iwrtitt.r Exterior View of the West Side of Washington's Headquarters at Valley Fore Tk. B |