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Show THE HELPER TIMES, HELPER, UTAH 9 News Review of Current Events the World Over Ident, and for several years a leading figure In the steel industry would retire on automatically reaching the age of seventy, or In (Coprrieht,It31.1nall 8 The United States Joins Great Britain and France in Recognizing the New Spanish Republl Hoover Upsets Coolidge Precedent. By EDWARD W. PICKARD theumtrnn ed - States, Great Britain, France, and several smaller republics of the world according the new new government at Madrid, headed by Nlceto Alcala Zamora, formul recognition, Spain's re- publican existence has come promptly Into being. The recognition of the Spanish republic by the British government served to clear the way for similar action by the United States. Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson Instructed the American ambassador to Spain to advise the republican government of the action taken by Washington. Recognition by the United States was said to have been hastened by the consideration, urged by Presi- President Zamora dent Zamora, that a general recognition of the new government by the great powers will tend to strengthen it at home and enable it to maintain order. Although Ambassador Irwin B. Laughlin is to continue at Madrid for the time being, his permauent retention there will depend upon his acceptability to the republican government. There have been reports that the ambassador, who is a Pittsburgh steel millionaire, has publicly expressed a low opinion of the republicans forming the new government. Tranquillity appears to prevail practically everywhere iu Spain, although banks are under guard and a mob liberation of prisoners has Catalonia occurred at Barcelona. is to remain part of the Spanish republic until the provincial parliament decides on some future form of government The provisional government announced it would recognize all This redebts of the monarchy. sulted in strengthening of stocks and securities on the exchange. federal farm board during TI1E week announced its decision to offer for sale on the European market as rapidly as possible the huge surplus of wheat acquired un- der the wheat stabilization operations of liWO-3It has been estimated the surplus of such wheat controlled by the board will be approximately 275,000,000 bushels by July 1, next. The board Is of the opinion that such sales can be made without depressing domestic wheat prices. The government purchases were made at an average price of about l2 cents a bushel, and the estimate has been made that the board might suffer a loss as high as 50 per cent in sales on this wheat if made in Europe at the present time. Advice to farmers to store their grain on the farm is extended. It of the will cost about regular carrying charges, if the wheat Is stored on the farm itself. The attempted solution of the problem so far as the board has worked it out appears to be that the board is going to try to unload its surplus when and where it can, so far as it con without bringing about too great a stump in the market. The farmer Is then to be asked to help carry the load of the com ing crop and the board will olYer him a tentative promise of aid through suggesting an additional incentive to llie farmer to join a James S. Stone, chairman of the board, announced that the govern ment had sold 7,000,000 bushels of wheat abroad recently at a figure above the world price decrease of superior product. one-thi- rd THE message of of States Stimson warning Americans to get out of the interior of infested Nicaragua was sent to the American legation at Managua and to the American consul at Bluefields. The m e s s a g e, drafted by SecreSecretary tary Stimson after Stimson lie had talked to I'resident Hoover was as follows: "In view of outbreak of banditry in portions of Nicaragua hitherto free from such violence you will advise American citizens that this government cannot undertake general protection of Americans throughout that country with American forces. To do so would lead to difficulties and commitments does not which this government propose to undertake. Therefore, the department recommends to all Americans who do not feel secure under the protection afforded them by the Nlcarnguan government through the Nicaraguan National Guard to withdraw from the country, or at least to the coast towns whence they can be protected or evacuated in case of necessity. Those who remain do so at their own risk and must not expect American forces to be sent Inland to their aid." Six years ago Calvin Coolldge, then I'resident, affirmed In an address In New York what he called the "distinct and binding obligation on the part of gov ernments to afford protection to the persons and property of their citizens, wherever they may be." This American doctrine Stimson now amends. American protection, by the new policy, follows American citizens ashore, but not to the interior of Nicaragua. rebel-infeste- HIGHLY Interesting at this time announcement that the Soviet government has decided to adopt a new wage system, known as the "Khozraschlot," which apparently changes the government's policy and amplifies the Inauguration of piece work. It Is to go Into effect at once. The wages of workers, according to Soviet authorities, will not be based on the communistic theory of equal division, but on the capitalistic Idea of rewarding Individual efforts in skill and ability. The word Khozraschlot literally means "economic accounting." It Is interpreted in the decree to mean that each factory, plant, collective farm, mine, railroad and such henceforth must take the- - responsibility of fulfilling contracts and adjudging wages without Interference from trade unions. Although certain elements among the disciples of Lenin view the Innovation regretfully as a compromise with capitalism, the government hopes the system will speed up production. Leaders affect to see the Khozraschlot as tending to eliminate waste and fix responsibility for managers and workers. rjIGH place In the list of en 1 c o couraging on the business situation is accorded that of Roger W. Babson, the trade prophet, who told President Hoover that better times are on the way. Business, he said, has turned the corner and now Is definitely on the Roger W. Babson upgrade. "In almost every of line industry there are some concerns which, in March, showed an increase in earnings over February. What Is more important, they showed an increase for this March over March of last year. Certain of the railroads also have turned the corner," he said. Mr. Babson has earned the right to be listened to when he ventures upon the thin Ice of economic prognostication. Statistics being his daily diet, he asks the country to observe the statistics of These are steadily Increasing. They have always been of When barometrical significance. freight is moving factories are working and shipping, merchants are buying and customers nre consuming, in every key industry statistics show that one or two big Onus have turned the corner, promising that smaller fry, too, are headed nut of the red. The Department of Commerce makes the gratifying disclosure that our foreign trade last month for the first time in a considerable period evinced an unmistakable upgrade. If the American people turn their gaze from the "big board" in Wall Street to the bigger opportunities which awnlt them In constructive directions of every sort, the upturn foreseen by Mr. Babson will come all the sooner and all the f 1 surer. O ECOGNITION of the imperative necessity of solving the problem of unemployment is seen in the comreorganizaplete tion of the United States employment service, state ' with f i - '1 ft. 48 employment bureaus and one In the District of Columbia and seven special central Secretary Doak divisions estab lished to deal with the problems of various trades, an- nounced by William N. Doak, secretary of labor. John it. Alpine of New Tork will head the new set up, which has ?SOO,000 of appropriations available for Its work. Francis I. Jones Is to continue as director general, with supervision also over the special mining and quarrying trades division. The Veterans' placement service will be maintained, nationwide In Its scopp, and the farm employment service will be expanded. "The United States employment service has decided," Secretary Doak's announcement said, "to open up at least one employment bureau e In each of the states and the of Columbia to with state and local authorities. "A service throughout the entire country will undertake In the broadest sense to take care of Interstate labor placements In with employers and giving employees, employers a ready field from which to draw all needed labor necessary to carry forward any kind of work." DIs-tric- the surprise of finan- cliil circles, stockholders of th United States Steel corporation adopted a proposed pension plan under which James A. Farrell, pres- CH to countries br tba North A merle n Mr. Farrell was a leader of those In favor of the new plan, pointing out that the old one had been un- Newspaper Alliance. LEo IF, afl tfflae toipy My Gen. John J. JPersfiing satisfactory. There are others In the great United States Steel corporation who will retire If the plan Is adopted. It provides sixty-fiv- e for voluntary retirement, and seventy for compulsory. In this class soon would fall E. J. BufSngtou, president of Illinois Steel; Joshua A. Hatfield, president of American Bridge; Ward B. Perley, president of Canadian Steel ; J. S. Keefe, president of American Steel & Wire, and E. W. Pargny, president of American All these Sheet & Tin Plate, are subsidiaries. ' The retirements would fall between 19:i3 and 1935. It was pointed out that Mr. Gary as chairman of the board of direc tors worked at his steel until be died ten years later than the proposed retirement plan would re quire. It may be that some other plan will affect Mr. Farrell that he, too, may carry on but the pension plan says seventy. 7 more WITH' ease than he l himself expected MacDon Ramsay ald conies safely through the temp est of a serious parliamentary back. set Stanley Baldwin's motion of censure, an open and heralded effort to drive the Mac Donald government out of office, was Ramsay MacDonald defeated by a majority of 54 votes. Lloyd George, whose Liberal fol lowing holds the balance of power in the house of commons, turned when he dethe tide to nounced the Conservative motion as unfair. Of 58 Liberal votes, MacDonald received 35, the Con servatives only 10, the remainder not voting or absent. Quite evidently Great Britain Is in no mood to fall victim to polit ical spellbinding. It knows that none of the political leaders possesses a magic wand that can charm away the disastrous conse quences of the war. The nation must climb a long and weary trail, and It is prepared to do so. Doubtless the Indian situation which has been one of the chief causes for the depression in the British textile industry because of the Indian boycott on British goods, was an important consideration with the Liberals in supporting Mac-Donal- MacDonald. BELIEF that the in Honduras Is related with operations of the insurgents under Augustino Sandino In Nicaragua has gained ground among observers of Central American politics. It Is pointed out that Gen. Gregorio Ferrera, head of the revolutionary Continued. CHAPTER VII As the French authorities wished to honor our national holiday they requested that some of our troops parade in Paris July 4, 1917. We were not prepared to make much of a military impression, as our men were largely recruits. But to stimulate morale the French wanted to demonstrate that the Americans were actually coming, so a battalion of the Sixteenth Infantry was brought up from Saint Nazaire, The untrained, awkward appearance of this unit, which was accepted as the cream of our regular army by the French officials, no doubt tended to confirm their belief that It would be some time before we should be able to organize an effective army. If they could have foreseen the triumph of this same battalion at the peak of the great counter- offensive on the field of Soissons just one year later we might have been spared many delays and difficulties In carrying out our plans. Troops Bring Joy to French. Nevertheless, the first appear ance of American combat troops In Paris brought joyful acclaim from the people. On the march the battalion was accompanied by a great crowd, many women .forcing their way into the ranks and swinging along arm In arm with the men. With wreaths about their necks and flowers In their hats and on their rifles, the column had the appearance of a moving flower With only a semblance Fausto tion activities, sharing Sandino's views in this regard. Ferrera was in .Mexico a year He is of Indian blood and ago. has a large following among the laborers on the large United States banana plantations of the north coast of Honduras. Dr. Jesus Castro, Ilonduran charge d'affaires at Mexico City, who recently returned from a visit to Tegucigalpa, said President Mejia Colimlres' refusal to admit Ferrera Into his cabinet was the probable cause of the revolution. He Is confident it will fail, as the President has an Influential backing and a army. Dr. Vicente Mejia Colindres was named President of Honduras In the last election and was inaugurated on February 3, 1929. Municipal elections last December gave the Liberal party a majority. Julius G. Lay, United States minister In Honduras, reported to the State department that. In his opinion, the revolt would soon "fizzle out" He said no military or political figures of consequence appear to be connected with it. Fausto Davila is the premier and foreign minister of Honduras, and Is considered by South American diplomats at Washington as well able to deal with the situation. well-traine- d setting out the attitude of Newton D. Baker of Cleveland, former secretary of war, toward talk of his candld:icy for the Democratic nomination for the Presidency Is accepted by politicians as clearing the atmosphere. Issued by W. B. Congwer, an Ohio Democratic leader, after a conference with Mr. Baker, the statement Indicated that the will not do anything to obtain the nomination, but he will not refuse It should it come to him If the Democratic national convention Is unable to agree on any of the active candidates. During the scramble for delegates to the convention Mr. Baker will not use his Influence In behalf of any particular candidate. The statement also said: "The many kind things said about Newton D. Baker as a possible Democratic candidate for the Presidency are certainly gratifying to Mr. Baker's friends and naturally to In my conversations with him. Mr. Baker lie has shown very great Interest In the party's platform, but no Interest In possible candidates, nnd I do not believe he has changed his former judgment on the subject. This has always been that he had no desire for further political preferment of any kind." STATEMENT ((& 1031 Western Newspaper VI garden. movement in Hon Davila duras, is openly opposed to United States interven- A CHAPTER The publication of this piece of news was in open contravention of the censorship rules and called for immediate steps to prevent further infractions. My vigorous protest resulted in our placing in the French press bureau an American representative, to whom all matter regarding our army was to be submitted for approval. There Is no doubt, however, that the suppression of news prevented our people from obtaining a clear and contemporaneous conception of the great and often brilliant achievements of our armies and left such knowledge to be gleaned from meager accounts by participants or from the later writing of historians. It was unfortunate that such rules had to be enforced, as otherwise much that might have been published at the time may never be known, but there was nothing else to be done without serious risk. t'nlon.t lion men for trenches. Inasmuch as question affects all allies whose common interests demand that we exert maximum military power consistent with transport problem, suggest early agreement be reached among allies which would provide requisite transportation . . . and limit sea transportation to food and military supplies and the exclusion of every kind of luxury as well as other supplies in excess of Immediate needs of countries de' pendent upon oversea supplies." An entry in my diary notes: "Two of the Roosevelt boys, Theodore, Jr.. and Archie, reported. Unable to participate himself, their father's fine spirit is represented by bis sons." CHAPTER VIII As the details of our mission abroad developed it soon became evident that in all that pertained to the maintenance and supply of our armies as distinguished from the purely military task, men with expert knowledge and broad experience in business, industry and transportation would be needed. In the technical branches of the army there were many officers with theoretical training In special lines, but with some notable exceptions they generally lacked broad con- structive or administrative ence. From the very start experi- I de- termined to obtain the best talent available, and was fortunate in practically every field to find able men who were anxious to do their part. The earliest application of the principle was In connection with timber and lumber procurement The call for lumber would be enormous, and since it would be impossible with our limited tonnage to bring a great quantity across the Atlantic, most of it would have to be obtained in Europe. A cable to the War department early in July, 1917, recommended the Immediate organization of a forestry service, consisting of sawmill units, to be composed of ex perienced lumbermen and 8,000 to 10,000 unskilled laborers to build roads and transport lumber. Special request was made for the appointment of Prof. Henry Graves, chief of the United States forestry service, who was then on the ground, as the man to take charge of this service. A number of other specially qualified men were requested as we entered the task of ton BIrnle, Klrby ley Enochs. , . Berke- Walker, Having this nucleus and selecting the best features of the French and British staff systems, a general staff organization was created, which efficiently met every demand made upon it throughout the war and which remains today as a model for present and future guidance. The question of artillery procurement caused me much concern. The almost negligible amount on hand when we went to war consisted mostly of field guns of the three-inctype, then largely In the hands of troops in the Philippine Islands and elsewhere and unavailable for issue. Moreover, for calibers heavier than the three-Inctype our ordnance department had adopted nothing which was really up to date. The enormous proportion of both light and heavy guns used by both sides, the knowledge of our deficiency and the realization of the length of time that must elapse before we could manufacture and deliver them made it Imperative that we seek other sources than our own to help equip our armies.' Following up an intimation It was learned definitely that, although not fully supplied themselves, the French could increase the output of their factories provided they could get steel from the United States. As It seemed probable that we should operate in proximity to their armies we adopted the French types for the usual calibers and sought their assistance in obtaining the guns needed, at least for the first two years. We secured an agreement that our troops as they came along would be provided with French h and guns ammunition, Including World right re- Scandinavian. Re- served. Including the, production in whole or In part prohibited.) WNU Service nite and no doubt disappointing. In turn we esked many questions, and it was especially Interesting to bear the importance of artillery emphasized by its chief, Major General Birch, who spoke of the difficulties they had experienced In supplying themselves with guns that matched the enemy's. Referring to their lack of artilGeneral lery In the beginning. Birch said there was reason to believe that they had finally attained a superiority over the Germans. Real Teamwork Lacking. Sir Douglas told me some of the details of Nivelle'i unsuccessful attack in the spring, how It was known far and wide beforehand, and spoke particularly of the consequent serious disaffection among the French troops. Although he had placed himself under Nlvelle'jL command for these operations, be had, be said, little confidence in the outcome from the start He also commented on the failure of tha French to fully on various occasions. His remarks entirely confirmed the belief that I had long since held that real teamwork between the two armies was almost totally absent ftScarcely anything more strikingly impressed upon me our than what I saw during a few hours spent with General Trenchard at the British flying field, where we witnessed flyers doing every imaginable stunt, and saw planes of all classes, bombing, pursuit and observation, motors of different types and the thoroughly equipped repair shops. The outstanding thing, however, which it was gratifying to note later on in our own aviation personnel, was the Incomparable spirit and alertness of the young officers and the enlisted personnel. Every man seemed to be disappointed when a flight of planes departed for the front without him. Conferences Valuable. This visit to British headquarters was most instructive, as every opportunity was given us to study intimately the details of their wartime organization. After similar studies of the French system we selected from each those features best suited to perfect a staff for our own army. The cordial relations and good understanding established between Sir Douglas Haig and myself anrL- - six-inc- h ss unpre-paredne- not only the 75s and 155s but 37 mm. guns and 58 mm. trench mor tars as well. It was most fortunate that we were able to get these guns from the French, as up to the end of the war no guns of American manufacture of the types used, except twenty-fou- r mortars and six naval guns were fired in battle. Trench guns of the three-Inc- h mortar types, with amand munition, were purchased from the British, as they were considered superior to those used by the French. j. The Red Cross reported excel- V.. uetwftMi uie currespomnnK lent progress at this time, especlal- - bers of our staffs and with a h ' a. memmini- - of mili- tary formation the animated throng pushed Its way through avenues of people to the martial strains of the French band and the still more thrilling music of cheering voices. Many dropped on their kneeS in reverence as the column went by. The battalion marched to the cemetery where the tomb of Lafayette Is located. The ceremony there consisted of a few speeches, the principal speaker being Brand VVhltlock, our ambassador to Belgium. I had been asked to deliver an address but had designated Col. C. K. Stanton of my staff, an old army friend and something of an orator, to speak In my place. However, I was prevailed upon to speak extemporaneously. "Lafayette, We Are Here!" It was on this occasion that ut terance was given to an expression that could be born only of insplra tlon, one that will live long In his tory: "Lafayette, we are here!" Many have attributed this strlk Ing utterance to me, and I have often wished It could have been mine. But I have no recollection of saying anything so splendid. I am sure those words were spoken by Colonel Stanton, and to him must go the credit for so happy and felicitous a phrase. The parade of our troops through Paris doubtless fortified the morale of the people to a certain extent. but we all knew that eventually something very much more effec tive would have to be dona The real question was whether the allies could hold out until we were reudy. it was clear that no halfway measures on our part would answer and that allied hopes lay in American military assistance on n vast scale at the earliest mo ment. Cables for 1,000,000 Men. The nllles thought an American force of 500.IMK) men the maximum that we could have In France In 1918, but In my opinion that would not be enough to meet the situation. If we could have hud half a million fighting men In France In the early spring It would have been diflerent matter. Hut looking ahead It was neces siiry to allow from 35 to 40 per cent for the services of supply, which would leave out of this number only approximately ill M.(KK) this troops. fighting Although would aid, we could not be con tent merely to lend a helping hand hut must prepare to strike a decisive blow. While the appearance on the front of any American force was still months away, yet there was little doubt that if we could Induce allied we should be able to give much greater assistance than they believed possible Our study having confirmed' the correctness of my tentative est! mate made on the Baltic, I therefore cabled Washington, July 0, as follows : "Plans should contemplate send Ing over at least I.imkunk) men by net May. . . . This estimate would give practically half mil-- ' fife I jyf t, i. ' ti, ir '.v t ss irj or c v.."ar,ar v.t rTithHjSWrhy f r t w. u ji wij' i'.' i , j vv.jbs Mil " t 1 1 ' i 1 satofea3&a h re French Children Watching Yankee Troops on March. building up the supply service, but as this was the first intimation given to the War department that such a force would be needed naturally it was some time before it was actually at work. Heavy Work for the Staff. During the first two months In France the work Imposed upon the few staff officers who had accompanied me was very heavy. After urgent and repeated requests I was fortunate in having at my disposal later In the summer a small group of men which Included some of the most brilliant and highly educated officers In our army. In addition to those already with me, the officers included In the following cable I regarded as especially fitted for the duties for which they were desired: "Request Robert C. Davis, adjutant general, be sent tbtse headquarters earliest date. Request Frank Moorman or J. O. Mauborgne be sent these headquarters earliest date for duty as code expert. Request Samuel T. Hubbard, Jr., signal corps, now here, be called to active service and ordered to report to me. Request ten of following named officers be sent to report to me by second convoy for gptier-a- l staff duty: Frank R. McCoy, George Van Horn Moselev, Malln Craig. Alfred W. P.jornstadt. II B. Fi.ske Allen J. Grear, Paul B. Edgar T. Collins. Samuel R. Gleaves, Laurence llalstend. Nich olas W Campaiiole. A. R Moreno. Preston lirown. I.flfov R Elilni:?. W. B Burtt. Frank f. Mines Ed W. ward U King. J. P C. Sweeney. J B Barnes. Kerr T Rlggs, W. II. Winters, Wait C. Johnson, Stuart lleintzelmiin, Up- - its first efforts to assist the French as agreed upon with General Petaln. Its organization by ly In Maj. Grayson M. P. Murphy for war work with our own armies was now about completed. The establishment of canteens and huts at the ports and other Important had points already begun and the numbers Increased as fast as needed. These centers of service later maintained dispensaries and provided beds and bathing facilities for meu traveling under orders or on leave. When the necessity arose the Red Cross actively with the medical corps In the field, contributing large quantities of supplies and often additional nurses. The work of the soclelv, directed from a central office in Paris, eventually embraced practically every endeavor touching the health of the armies. CHAPTER IX I left Paris July 20, 1917, for a visit with Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig. the British commander In chief, whose headquarters were In an old chateau half hidden awny In a magnificent grove at Beldlques. I was accompanied by Colonels Harbord and Alvord and Captain Patton of my staff. At dinner the subject of conversation naturally turned on the military situation of the allied armies, our own In particular They were keen to know about our army. Its organization and size, and the 'prospects of our putting troops In the field. As our active participation depended on many factors, such as training, equipment Und shipping, my replies, of course, were Indefl- ber of the leading British officers with whom we were later to have official dealings proved very advantageous. In London, long after the armistice, Sir Douglas, in an after-dinnspeech, referred to this visit, which happened during a period of depression, and said that our timeer appearance at his headquarters ly had aroused In them a strong feeling of hopefulness for the future. Meets Other Leaders. My dairy at this time uo(psAhfollowing : - Paris, Thursday, July 20. 1927. Had breakfast yesterday at the Crillon with Lloyd George. He Is alert and energetic and has a clear conception of allied problems. Took lunch with Mr. Balfour, who thinks we have reason to feel easier regarding submarines. Representatives of the various allies met for conference on general situation, in the evening M. Ribot, the prime minister, gave a state dinner to officials attending conference. Today attended luncheon to allied representatives given by the President and Mine. Poln-- , care at the Elysee palace. In conference this afternoon with Petaln, Cadorna, Robertson and Foch at hitler's office. Discussed military (dans, talked about tonnage possibilities and shortage of personnel. All pessimistic and reserved. (TO nE CONTINUED The that nhmit gaiion. ) Weight of Gasoline of standards says ordinary gasoline weighs ft bureau rtnnnilct akv.ilt-ilitrwtl- r... "T |