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Show ' THE HELPER TIMES. HELPER. UTAH Capt. F-a- - vr (V Xjravmnq k ' - v 4. ' I .. ,.t.M44M"-M4. Sally Sez - -- En FORGOTTEN ,.,. If A JVC M kia pa pot. Jul HEROES W I u bt BY" Elmo Scott Watson I'la popul pick pun mAi A Tough Old Pioneer far cry from Griffin's IT Wharf Id the Boston of colonial days to the "Gold Coast" of Chicago, but there Is a link between the two. For some of the "400" of the midwest metropolis, as they serve afternoon tea in their luxurious apartments and penthouses, can IS A. I F- wW rd r - aoaoi FRANK M.HA loaoe I I I KJ S. W W far HE young man with a strong urge to become an aviator and who has the time to learn the science of fly- a thorough manner, can do ing no better than to apply to Uncle Sam who operates the finest avia- tion schooIs ln the country- At fifteen army flelda throughout the United States, Uncle Sam has 1 man. the post In f,nv nthor branch of service. For the DrlviieBe. extended the reserve flier, the value of the training he ets, the good times he has, all that Uncle Sam requires in return is an intelligent, industrious young man between the ages of twenty and twenty-sevewho has had at least two year's college education and who has the makings of a flier In him. In an exclusive interview the writer had for this article with Captain Frank M. Hawks, just returned from a spectacular tour of Kurope in his speedy Lockheed-Vega- , the Texaco 13, Hawks declared there was an urgent need for more and better trained pilots ln this country. The finer designing of planes, he said, and exceed, Der J ,, JK5r?S.j7 1 " By GEORGE BECK r - Vx ' ffW" U' ' - 5 1,8?; CSOCS ffd K'tV Wcl ' '7? . 1 xjj. ,TN - t ' 'Kl2 tl - U?- - A -4-1-11 44a KVf lN M1' T'iSrf trfml LV f I - f 4a f I fN V y? fJ fJr it X V S I f U1' AVTrA.V-V, W I ' V Vv 7? VIl I , , for a training f7irt"Vit A A vT V l iP f' tl pl 'itff MF, V ' y l . W-- tfi lull's- r--A i . J ISiS - . - s . i? n the necessary continued study of aeronautical science generally, particularly with respect to training of airmen, holds the future of aviation in this country. Hawks firmly believes In the coming of highspeed planes for commercial use, for passenger transportation over, the airways. In speed, he says, is the future of flying. In fact he believes ln it for all future transportation, land, water and air. "The day Is coming," he said, "when we shall ride in planes that travel 200 miles an hour, trains that move at 100 m. p. h. and we will drive our automobiles over express highways at CO and 70 miles an hour. Does that sound impossible? Then excuse it as the idle dream cf a speed demon who likes to sit back In an easy chair and visualize through the smoke rings of his cigar, new speed pictures of to- morrow." The glider, Captain nawks recommends as one of the best means of training for the brotherhood of aeroplane pilots. "Primarily," says Captain Hawks, "the glider has sound fundamental values. Unquestionably, it offers a very safe and Inexpensive means to student aviators for instruction. The novice in flying gets a keener technique and a better knowledge of aerodynamics. In the first few tender hours of flying he can learn a great deal more with a glider than with a powerdriven plane. He is not depending upon the motor but is learning currents of air, the action of the controls; he is depending more upon real flying as it Is taught to us than by sheer horsepower. Every landing that he makes is a forced landing because he has no motor, so his judgment in approaching fields, and landing on marks is keener. "The novice receives the thrill of his life on his first glider flight, though Its duration may be only half a minute; he gains a decided feeling cf power later when aloft for fifteen minutes, alone. I have observed many skeptics make their first glider flight and have seen them change in a snap of the fingers from doubting Thomases to boosters. I have seen many contemporaries who thought they had enjoyed all tjie thrills and sport of aviation through power-driveairplanes turn to gliders like children to a new toy. There's Just as much skill required and Just as much thrill and fun enjoyed in gliding as In speeding through the air at double express train paces." , The object of the flight of the Texaco Eaglet, in which Captain Hawks was towed from San Plego to New York last year by J. D. ("Duke") Jernlgin, Jr., who flew the AVaco Texaco 7, was to stimulate interest in gliding, which In brief, is a cheap and safe stepping stone to powered machines, provided, of course, that proper instruction is first given the student. Obviously, no student will move Immediately from completion of a course in gliding to flying a ship such as the Hawks speed plane with its engine of more than 400 horsepower and a demonstrated speed of 270 miles on hour. But here again, Captain Hawks has ideas: If a "kicker" motor of two cylinders Is developed to drive gliders efliciently and safely, a new Intermediate and valuable step In aviation will have been accomplished. Says Hawks further: "I have made a few observations which have convinced me that the primary glider with its skeleton fuselage, Inefficient wings and controls, has no place ln the picture of American gliding activities. I would rather see young men start their glider work with the secondary or utility type of glider. "I am opposed to the automatic launching device which spring tension snaps the glider into the air with such violence that it Is not only unnatural but extremely dangerous to even an experienced pilot I believe that gliders and n t 'A wis iy4i4i- - laming ituver alter the t light soarers must be taken seriously by either those experienced ln flying or by students. It is a real art, not as simple to accomplish as It seems, and cannot be taken lightly. Gliding, in my opinion, Is safe If properly supervised and Instruction is thorough." ' If gliders remain only gliders they will still impart the fundamentals of flying, and from thera the student may step to a fledgling airplane and meet the "horses" that drive it. Here again, progress Is obviously gradual, but sure. Out of such a mill it is easy to visualize the emergence of a new crop of aviators who might well provide considerable slipstream to veteran fliers of today. At Mitchell field. Long Island, one of the army flying fields where reserve training Is carried on there are planes reserved every week-enthroughout the year for the use of reserve corps officers. This is the case at nearly all the army flying fields. It Is the privilege of the officer and at the same time an Air Reserve corps requirement to fly an army plane a certain number of hours every month. Once a year the reserve corp officers train for two week periods at the army fields throughout the country. At New York the observation squadrons composed of officers of the Second corps area camp at the Long Island field during the summer. At fields in the south and southwest reserve corps training is carried on throughout the year. Lectures by regular army aviation officials cover such subjects as radio communication and equipment, navigation, cross country flying and aerial photography. Then with parachutes strapped to their backs, a strict army regulation, the fliers put these lecture subjects to actual practice in the air In addition to formation and observation flying. There are two primary aviation schools In Texas and California and one advanced school at Kelly field, San Antonio, Texas. The graduate of the reserve school goes In the regular army for two years as a commissioned ofllcer and licensed pilot. Out of some several thousand applicants to the army flying schools every year, a few hundred are enrolled for the primary training. Less than half of these succeed In obtaining their diploma, commission and license as a reserve army flyer. This past June OS cadets received their "wings" at Kelly field and were assigned to army fields throughout the country. A few days before applicants were selected to begin training. Courses In both the primary and advanced schools give the cadet 225 hours In the air with the necessary auxiliary studies In meteorology, airplnne-englnes- , navigation, radio, aerial gunnery and other academic and field subjects for . d military pilots. Resides strict physical examinations to determine whether or not the cadet Is going to make a flier, he Is put through tests which are described as psychological by the Instructors. He needs, they maintain, a to give him "air confidence" and "air sense." One of the cadet's first experiences which Is almost as frightening as his first solo flight. Is a tryout ln an "orientntor," a mechanical device which whirls and revolves him through every revolution and movement a plane will make in the air. It resembles the cockpit of a plane and In that the cadet sits. The mechanism Is that Is, the cadet operates controls similar to those of an airplane and the instructor sitting outside of the device operates a control which puts the cockpit through Us motions. The Instructor, who gets a certain enjoyment out of the business, no doubt, tries to upset the equilibrium of the cadet while the cadet tries to maintain It. Soon after he enrolls the cadet starts actual dual flying. After a few days of infantry drill and other ordinary military duties to put ln the mind of the cadet that he Is one of Uncle Sam's soldiers, within the first week he finds himself with his Instructor ready for his Initial flight. The cadet is getting his first lesson to have full confidence in his instructor. In order to put this over the Instructor goes through a few spins and rolls until, in some cases, a cadet Is about ready to crawl ln his teacher's pocket. Another purpose of this flight is to have the cadet "feel out the situation" of flying for he is told nothing before he starts except to hop In the plane. The flying Is done In the morning and the ground schooling in the afternoon of a day that lasts from 6:30 until 4:30. His next venture aloft, the cadet Is told, Is for "air work." It consists of straight flying, spins, banks, forced landings and the course lasts ten flying hours. In the forced landing instruction, the Instructor kills the engine while the plane is in some precarious position or locality and the cadet must glide to the ground A careless accident on his part will safely. promptly eliminate him from the cadet ranks. His next trial Is a solo hop around the field watched closely by his Instructor on the ground. And when the cadet returns safely to the field, even though he has shown, possibly, great skill In handling his first flight, he Is greeted with, "Well, did Ja bring that plane back without smashing it up," by his Instructor. The purpose of this is to keep the embryo pilot from getting a "swelled head." For eight months the cadet continues his lessons In his own plane. Those lessons Include and formagunnery, bombing, radio and military tactics of all sorts. Ills training in acrobatics begins after he has had about twenty hours ln the air. Keeping always a level head and a keen eye, he must put his plane through spins, nose dives, loops, rolls, slow rolls, half rolls, and snap rolls. Flying over an "air course" he must always come out of a roll aiming his plane at a certain designation. There is no fluttering about In the , acrobatics, tion flying, navigation, night-flying- cross-countr- y air. A unique feature of gunnery practice is the use of a camera gun with which the cadet trains a lens on the target and "shoots" a picture Instead of a bullet. The Instrument resembles a gun In every way and the operation of It is almost exactly similar. The films are developed at the end of the attack and if a photograph shows the target, a hit is scored. Navigation and flying are two of the most Important branches of the flying course. It covers the study of compass and instrument reading, the use of the sextant and course spotting. An Interesting subject, too, Is the study of artificial horizons. Horizons are created in the sky for the guidance of the navigator Just as a ship's captain uses the actual horizon of the sea to determine his position. In the advanced school to which the cadet goes for about four months after he completes the primary school course, he gets classification training In all types of planes. There It Is determined Just what kind of flyer he Is. In the army there are four kinds, observation group, attack, bombardment and pursuit. cross-countr- and apprehensive flyers The are quickly detected and eliminated. It Is the pilot who can smilingly pull himself out of a barrel roll, drop to the ground on a neat three-poin- t landing, hop out and nonchalantly light a cigar, who Is given the coveted gold wings. overly-cautiou- s (S hr Waottrn Newspaper Union.! a look down Into Lincoln park and can see there a reminder of the historic "ten pouring" which took place In Massachusetts 158 years It Is a simple granite boulago. der, bearing a bronze tablet whereon you can read "In memory of David Kennlson, the last survivor of the 'Boston Tea Party,' who died In Chicago February 24, 1852, aged one hundred and fifteen years, three months, seventeen days, and is buried near this spot." Yet the Boston Tea Party was only one Incident In one of the most remarkable careers In all American history. Kennlson was born In New Hampshire In 1730 and was one of the first to enlist at the outbreak of the Revolution. He was a Minute man at Lexington and Concord and with his father and two brothers he fought at Bunker Hill. He served in the Continental army, as a soldier and scout, was captured by the Mohawk Indians and held as a prisoner for several years. After the r he enlisted in the regular army and rfas a member of the garrison of the first Fort Dearborn. Although past seventy, he In 1S08 for a term of five years and was a survivor of the Fort Dearborn massacre. He Is said to have fought at Sackett's Harbor in the War of 1812 and to have been wounded at Williamsburg. Next he settled In New York and met with far more disasters than ever be had during his service In two wars. A falling tree fractured bis skull and broke his collar bone and two ribs; at a military review the discharge of a cannon broke both bis legs. Kennlson was married four times and was the father of 22 children. Late In life he became separated from bis children and went to Chicago to live In 1845. Finding that his Revolutionary war pension of $8 was not enough for his living expenses, he took up manual labor again and continued until 1848. Then at the age of one hundred and twelve he decided he had earned a rest, but having no other means of support, he entered the Chicago museum as an exhibit. For the last twenty months of his life he was bedridden, but his sight and bearing, which had failed hira for a time, became perfect again and he retained thse faculties until his death In IS52. Defense of Fort Jefferson will look ln vain on the Revolutionary war maps for Fort Jefferson. It probably was never placed on any of them, for Its existence was a short one. But during that brief lime It was the scene of one of the most heroic defenses in the history of the American fron-HeIt was built In 1781 upon orders from Gov. Thomas Jefferson of Virginia by Col. George Rogers Clark near Mayfield's creek In Kentucky about five miles below the mouth of the Ohio river. Clark then returned to Louisville, leaving In command Capt. James Piggott, a veteran of Washington's army and of Clark's expedition Into the Illinois country. Angered by the Intrusion upon their lands, the Choctaws and Chlckasuws under Chief Cm Inert besieged the fort. The situation ln the fort soon became desperate. Their provisions were almost exhausted, the water supply was failing, ainiuunili.in was running low, and as a final norror, sickness swrpi the little garrison. One of the defenders who wms captured by the Indians was forced to tell the true state of affairs id the stockade, and npnn learning this, '"cl'oert. under a (Ins f iruce. demanded the surrender of t),P fort, premising to spare the livns of the settlers, but declaring that II there was further resistance he miht not he able to control his warriors If they once swept over the walls. Captain Piggott made a counter proposal. If the Indians would raise the siege the settlers would abandon the fort and leave the Ca Inert agreed to submit country. this proposal to a council of tbe While the council was In warriors. progress reinforcements from Louisville arrived. l'he Indians Immediately attacked, but the small cannon which the Louisville party had brought and which had been mounted on the walls mowed them down by the I'.ui despite this the battle score. raged fieri ely for hours before ('albert gave up the attempt to carry the fort by storm and retired from The settlers, too, had the field. had enough. They prepared to evacuate the fort, some to go to Louisville and others to tlielr former homes In Kaskaskln. III. with their departure the fort fell Into ruins and within a short time the wilderness again reclaimed the spot, r. B 1911 Wtrn NetDr Union I ribbo Lemo gerai urns botth als, i ly c( catel shake their limbs, everv leaf that falls bespeaks ten thousand snow flakes. You can help the locaK employers to provide winter jobs by Patronizing Home Industry. Wlipn ffco s These Brands Are Intermountain Made And Deserve Your Support ? HI Insist on Pure Virgin Wool Made THIS WEEK'S PRIZE STORY In the Intermountain West ORIGINAL UTAH WOOLEN MILLS Salt Lake City . Not an Eastern Bird The only humming bird found in the eastern United States is the ruby-throa- am Blankets t. "GRAINS OF GOLD" THE WHOLE WHEAT CEREAL "Makes Cream Taste Better" Western Made For Western Trade Ask Your Grocer am Now as never before the entire Intermountain region needs the support of its entire population. The farmers and ranchers need the support of the Intermountain towns and cities for a market for their home grown products. The Intermountain factories also need a market for their products. Therefore supply your table, equip your farms and ranches, and clothe your family with Intermountain products! And don't forget the Intermountain Live Stock Markets. MRS. LYDIA E. STEELE, Pinedale, Wyo. wo wil th tht dri sei vvc tnt "The Pilgrim's Progress" has been translated into Tubetube, one of the Papuan tongues, for the of Papua, who, in 1901, gained notoriety by the murder of a missionary and his party. A.sk APEX-K-HAN- AN LOTION INTERMOUNTAIN PRODUCT Packed With Power No Equal For Crispncui and Quality Factory 47 Kensington Ae. Bait Lake City Tel. Hy. 1741 No More Silver Dollars The coinage of the silver dollar was discontinued in 1928. There is no existing law that authorizes further coinage. L ARTIFICIAL LIMB CO. Braces Trusses Artificial Limbs Arch Supports Crutches Shoes Elastic Hoisery Extension Established in Salt Lake In 1908 Ph. Was. 2G1 Satisfaction Guaranteed 13S W. Third So. i Salt Lake City. Ut. ? "ain't" is a recocrnized k American contraction of am not, but it is classified as a vulgarism. BLUE SEAL CLEANSER Wonderful Sanitary Household Cleanaer and Water Softener SOLE DISTRIBUTORS aitLaKc ciiarawafevo. The I ! tur Tkaa ASK YOUR DEALER Soviet's Pride The largest textile mill in the world is the Melange Combine at in Soviet Ivanovo-Vozenesens- k, Russia. CLAUDE NEON LIGHTS Electrical Products Corporation 1046 So. Main Salt Lake City Sulphur Fumes Powerful Flying over a huge volcano In Alaska, airmen found that they could detect sulphur fumes at a height of 6,000 feet. v per week will be paid for the best article on "Why you should use Intermountain made Goods" Similar to above. Send your story in prose or verse to Intermountain Products Column .P. O. Box 1545. Salt Lake City. If your story appears in this The loganberry is a hybrid, obtained by crossing the red raspberry with the California blackberry. COUCHMAN COMPANY So. West Temple Salt Lake City Chimney Tops Galv. Bath Tubs, Camp Stoves and all kinds of Tin, Copper and Sheet Metal work. Warm Air Furnaces Installed and Repaired. 2S WANTED: Names of Aeents to sell Christmas Cards in 1931 through your local printer. Plans for 1931 being made now. Send In your nam for details whlrh will make your selling easier without the troubles, miitakea and dtlajs yon had In eastern factories. Writs representing W. N. V.P O. Box 1545. Salt Lake City. - Unrefined The word Wood Used for the Ark The Bible states that the ark was built of gopher wood. The precise species has not been definitely determined. Cypress, pine and cedar are the three most likely and the general opinion is that cypress was the wood used. FOREST DALE POTATO CHIPS Y7 GASOLINE Your Druggist For D se . The World Moves column you will receive check for.- -. UVr iOt (( The yahati of Japan, an instru- -' ment with a brush and tube con- taining ink, is called the predecessor of the fountain pen. . s Credit of $10 on day course or $5 on night course Given to tlie first new Good student sending in this ad to be used within 30 days A course with us is a real investment places secured for students to earn board and room Why Called "Old Bailey" A bailey was an open space inclosed by a fortification. If more than one line of fortification was present, there was an inner bailey and an outer bailey. "Old Bailey" in London i3 situated in one of the baileys that was a part of the old First "Press Association" The first news agency is believed to have been that organized by Charles Uavas in Tnrj.j f,? when he began trar.rfating articles for the French press. In 1840 Havas established news service by carrier pigeons between Paris and London and Brussels. Simple Musical Instrument The concertina was invented by Charles Whcatstone in 1829, It is a small musical instrument on the principle of the accordion. Social Handicap Awkwardness is a more real dis- - 1 advantage than it is generall- ythought to be; it often ocrasions ridicule, it always lessens dignity. fortifications. i |