Show ft Third Par l By ELMO SCOTT WATSON OR the first time in more than a decade there’s a third party in the field during a Presidential campaign and this year as in the past it has the two leaders guessing That worried look in the eye ef the Democratic donkey ah'd that furrowed brow of the Republican elephant are caused by the minds of both rondering over such unsolved questions as these: Dow much strength will this new Union party develop between now and November 3? Dow many popular votes will their William Lemke get and bow many of them will he be taking away from my candidate? Will he get enough electoral ’'Votes to affect the election and If sO which way will they swing it — to me or to my opponent? If history repeats itself this year they have plenty of cause for worry because third party movements in American political been a always history have headache for the two major parties Of course none of them has ever succeeded in electing a President and in only seven has one of them campaigns showed enough strength to be represented in the electoral college vote But at least twice their entrance into the campaign behas meant the difference tween victory and defeat for one of the major parties How They’re Born Third parties in the usually accepted sense of the term are brought into being when insurgents within an old party rebel against its policies or its candidate walk out on the parent organization organize a new one of and nominate a candidate their own The first of these “insurgents” was the Peace party 5 of composed of Republicans (forerunners of the present Democrats) and Federalists mostly in New England who were opposed to the second war with England However this group didn’t play any important part in political history any more than did the so - called Peoples party of 1824 composed of Republicans who favored having Presidential electors chosen by the people instead of having the state legislatures do it for themi The next year a Coalition party J"' The Baltimore contention for nominated WilPresident liam Wirt of Maryland who had been n Monroe's “ cabinet and for u it named Amos of New York In the election of 1832 these candidates won only the electoral vote of Latin Jtis party was ab-bed b the Whigs and lost Its identity First Libert Party Attempts to organize the vote in the late thirties resulted in the formation of the thus designated because of the of the supporters of Henry Clay with those of John Quincy Adams helped defeat Andrew Jackson and elect Adams But an authentic third party did no appear on the scene until the election of 1832 Six years earlier a certain William Morgan of Batavia N Yt who had published a book purporting to reveal the secrets of Masonry disappeared and the members of 'bat fraternity were accused of and having him drowned him in the Niagara river They were also accused of of blocking the investigation Morgan’s and disappearance from western New York opposition to the Masons spread to ' other Eastern states union kidnaped Several young politicians Weed of Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania seized upon this prejudice to further their ambitions and the result was the organization of an Political party In September 183? this party field a national convention in Philadelphia the first of Us hunt In this country It was attended by 88 delegates from states and out of It grew another convention in the neat year to be attended by ss delegates many irom each state as there were representatives in both bouses w congress (the forerunner of ®r present convention system) among them Thurlow ®n 7 & MILLARD FILLMORE Liberty party It nominated for the Presidency James G Birney a former Democrat Kentucky and who sold his slaves moved North and became an Abolitionist However the Liberty party didn’t figure very prominently in the roaring Cider” cam“Log paign of 1840 between Harrison the Whig and Van Buren the Democrat and it could muster only 7369 votes for its candidate Birney was nominated again in 1844 and this time he polled votes hut ' in neither campaign did he get a single electoral vote Four years later another abolitionist party was in the field It resulted directly from a split in the Democratic party over the slavery issue When Gen Lewis Cass of Michigan was nominated at the Baltimore convention of that party the “Barnburner” because they faction were “willing to burn the political barn to get rid of the rats in it”) bolted the convention and made plans to hold one of their own This meeting was held in Utica N Y and it nominated Martin Van Buren who had been denied renomination by the Democrats in 1844 when they turned to the first “dark horse” in our political history— James K Polk of Tennessee Later in the year a group of dissatisfied Whige withdrew and joined from that party forces with bolting Democrats to hold a convention in Buffalo N Y It also nominated Van Buren for President As the Free Soil party it was able to poll only 291000 votes but it caused the Democrrts to lose New York’s 38 electoral votes which was just enough to give Gen Zachary Taylor the Whig the 36 votes he candidate needed to defeat Cass In 1852 the Free Soilers nominated Senator John P Hale of who had been New Hampshire a Jacksonian Democrat and had the slavery over quit the party issue By this time the Free Soil vote had dropped to 157000 and had no effect on the contest between Gen Winfield Scott the and Franklin Whig candidate Pierce the Democrat who was elected The Know Nothings however In the meantime inanother third party had come to existence which during its the in figured brief existence That electoral college returns was the political group known as the Native American party or It originated in New York City in the forties as a result of the large emigration from Ireland during the famine crop years when the potato failed Out of the resentment grew “foreigners” these against a secret society the “Supreme BanOrder of the Star Spangled ner” and a political partya the with platNative Americans the form of opposition to aliens and socialism papacy infidelity The popular name was attached to the nartv because when its members were questioned about it they I dont replied naknow” In 1847 they held a Philadelphia in tional convention Gen Henry whe’’ they nominated and Dearborn for but did not for of invariably 0 Gen Zachary mally nominate Tajlor for President The Know - Nothings do not seem to have played much part in the election of 1852 but they figured strongly in the campaign of 1856 Hy this time they had thrown off the secret character of thik organization and revealed the fact that most of their members were Whigs The remainder of the Whigs along with the Free Soilers and had many Northern Democrats gone over into the new Republican party which nominated Gen John C Fremont und adopted the revised slogan of "Free Soil Free Speech and Fremont" In the February held a conventioi m Philadel phia whote they formally their party 4he American Party For Piesicient they nominated kHUard Fillmoie the who became Pi evproKudent ident when Zaehary Taylor iied in office and for vice president A J Doneison of Tennessee Tl ic Republicans polled moie than 1009000 votes and the Native Americans nearly But James Buchanan the Democratic candidate got 174 votes in the electoral college as against Fremont’s 114 und Fillmore’s eight— those of Maryland By the time the next Presidential campaign came around the party had been merged with the Republican The campaign of 1860 was marked by the paradox of two “third parties” both of which developed enough strength to break into the electoral college vote One of them represented a split in a regular party and the other a coalition of odds and ends from various parties The Democratic party divided by the slavery question in previous campaigns was split wide open in this crucial year of 1860 The Northern wing of the party nominated Stephen A Douglas' of Illinois and the Southern or nominated pro - slavery wing of KenJohn C Breckenridge tucky who had been Buchanan's got Breckenridge 72 electoral votes as compared to Douglas’ 12 The other “third party” which represented a coalition was the Constitutional Union party e made up of Whigs and who would avoid the issue of slavery and achieve the impossible goal of harmony the country Their throughout nominee was John C Bell of Tennessee who poUed 39 electoral votes The three candidates received a total of 123 votes and Lincoln 180 Bolters Galore The campaign' of 1872 was a mixed up affair with crossing over of party lines and bolters galore A faction of the Republican party dissatisfied with the certainty of Grant’s renomination walked out held another in Cincinnati and convention chose Horace Greeley for Presiof dent and B Gratz Brown Missouri for The Democrats decided that a fusion ticket was their only hope Therefore when they held their convention in Baltimore they also nominated Greeley and Brown But this action was offene Democrats sive to the who in turn walked out and held a convention in Louisville Ky where they nominated Charles O’Conor of New York for President and gave him John Quincy r—rtS" A Talcs imj Traditions ?? I candidate martin van buren JuJilanlUho'0'6 k y H1 ) WILLIAM WIRT ' tor a Adams of Massachusetts O'Conor polled mate running only a little more than 29000 votes but Greeley didn't do much better and bitterly disappointed over his poor showing he died in less than a month after the election As a result the Democratic electors scattered their vote giving 42 to Thomas A 18 to B Hendricks of ‘Indiana Gratz Brown and two to Charles J Jenkins of Georgia Grant won total elecoverwhelmingly vith toral vote of 236 from American Political riANK I liutory HAOIN Spirited Kittens on Cross Stitch Towel A dull moment’s unthinkable with these seven mischievous ktt tens In fact about they’ve thought up enough cute tricks te give you decoration for a week’ Mm ILMO To Gen Juntos B Weaver of Iowa goes the distinction of being the only man who was the leader of two diffeient third and as the party movements head of one of them he succeeded m breaking into the electoral of college vote Dissatisfaction the Luui&ra wtth- the' “tiwmrLv!' policies of Piesident Grunt resulted in the formation of the Greenback party by inflationists who wanted to issue a large amount of paper money without regard to spei le pa ment In the campaign of 1876 they nominated Deter Cooper of New Yoik but he polled only 110000 popular votes and failed to ieceie a single electoi al ote In the congiessiunnl elections of 1878 the tiieenbu kers ast moie than a million votes and when they nominated Weavci a man fiem the aginultuial wed for Piesident m 1880 the Republicans were deeply lonccrned But their ferns pi o ed groundless for the Gieenbukeis were able to muster only about 300000 popular votes and not a single one in the electoi al i allege The Populist Fra But a decade latei the G O P had real cause for worry Populism the which championed cutise of the fanner and the eer C JOHN ’ BRECKENRIDGE was running working man through the West like a prairie fire In the state and congressional elections of 1890 the populist or People's party carried the legislatures of Kansas and Nebraska elected nine members of congress and forced 34 others to Republicans and Democrats pledge themselves to carry out Populist ideas about free silver public ownership of monopolies postal savings banks and an income tax Then Weaver the former Greenback bobbed up as a Populist leader and in 1892 won their nomination for the Presidency In the election he polled more than 1000000 votes in the West and got 22 electoral votes By 1896 the Democratic party had adopted so many of the Populist principles that William Jennings their indorseBryan received ment for President although they nominated their own candidate Thomas E for Watson Eventually they were gradually absorbed by the two major parties After the Populist movement two decades were to elapse before there was another third party movement but when it came it unseated a party which had long been in power The story of that third party is too familiar to need more than the barest mention here In 1912 Roosevelt Theodore led a revolt against the renomination of William Howard Taft formed the Progressive or “Bull Moose” party corralled 88 electoral votes and brought about the victory of Woodrow Wilson ' over Taft 433 to 8 ‘ Twelve years later the Progressive party this time under the leadership of Senator Robert ' M LaFollette of Wisconsin again Presidential played a part in campaign although it was not a decisive one For Calvin Cool-idcould have given John W Davis LaFollette'a 13 electoral college votes and he would still have won the election As for 1936— will U be a repe tltlon of 1912 with this year's third party playing a part in defeating an occupant of the White House who Is seeking Will It be a repetition of 1818 and aid in defeating one of the iwo major party leaders even though it doesn’t reister a single vote in the electoral college balloting? Or will It be a repeItion of those other years In which there were third parties in the field and they didn’t affect tn result either way even though In the they were represented electoral vote? President C Weeters L’uio scon WATSON KICKING TFDDY 111 111LL IT IS ciutain that Theodore Roose- have benever olt would come Diesident in the manner he did if it hadn’t been for Sen Thomas Platt then the political boss of In order to inNew York state sure the presence of a Republican at Albany but with inner misgivsoon to he ings which weie he- - yu e v t led rj? a izod h the pop fthe ilar Rough Rider to become shoitlv candidate guheinatonal ufter the Spanish war und elected was Roosevelt showed immediately that he could not be conti oiled by Platt or any was boss Platt’s embarrassment But the only that of a politician discomfoit of his friends thoroughly distut bed by Teddy's big stick gestures became a problem The sortition finally arrived at by a devious mute appeared be of 1900 The fore the piimaties Repuhlu an pnttv in New York was to name a andulate foi gov ei nor Roosevelt again In Sepperhaps But the Republican party tember in the United States had to name n running mate for Diesulent McKinley und the lattei convention would he held in June' Dlatt decided that Teddy would He vice presidential candidate and would kick Roosevelt uphill out of New York state the Roosevelt himself realier move had been launched to shelve him for so he regarded the viceneither Moreover presidency Mark Hanna of Ohio a president-make- r in a big way in those days nor McKinley wanted Roosevelt on the national ticket But Platt persisted lie was aid-- ! ed by Roosevelt’s growing popularity particularly in the West These Westerners carried their Roosevelt enthusiasm to the conThe boom with them vention reached that Hanna proportions could not Ignore and In "a conference with Platt the night before the the president-make- r nominations capitulated Hanna issued a statement advocating Roosevelt for the and told the newspapermen: "Boys you can’t stop it my more than you could stop Niagara " Soon to become President at the of McKinley death unfortunate And Roosevelt won the election when the gleeful Senator Platt was asked if he would attend the In“Yes I am auguration he replied: going down to see Theodore Roosevelt take the veil" Pattern 5572 supply of tea towels Sit right down and send for this pattern and get started on your set The even simple motifs work up very quickly in a combination of cross stitch single and outline stitches Use colored floss In pattern 5572 you will And a transfer pattern of- - seven motifs 6 by 8 Inches (one for each day of the week) color suggestions illustrations of all stitches needed material lequirements To obtain this pattern send U cents in stamps or coins (coins preferred) to The Sewing Circle W 259 Arts Dept Household Fourteenth St New York N Y Write plainly pattern number your name and address Golden Anniversary According to an Insurance company the chances of celebrating a golden anniversary depend entirely upon one’s age and that of the consort at the time of tha an average Taking marriage case in which the bride is twenty-tw- o of the and age years twenty-fiv- e years of aga the chances that they will both survive and celebrate their golden anniversary is 168 out of every 1000 or about one In six BOYS! 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Read the Grape Nuts ad In anothai column of this paper and learn how to join the Dizzy Dean Winners and win valuable free prizes— Adv Significant Period “I do not believe it is simply which the bias of a contemporary makes me feel that the last fifty years have been of unusual significance” — Oliver Wendell Holmes rawhuT NOTICE TO A NOMINEE LOT of folks today believe that when political parties art concandidates the favored vening wherever they may be have one ear to a keyhole a wetted finger uplifted to test direction of the poUse your Coleman litical winds and have set their rala hundreds of place dio dials the proper wave length where aa ordinary lantern le aaelria tie It lor hall to listen In on convention chorea hunt-- n f Maybe they're right lUhing or oa any nitfbt Job t It turn But it wasn’t always like that Altfht Into day Wind befoie the We had ten Presidents rain or anow can't put it out Up to 100 candle- man who was destined to become liirht James K Polk of power the eleventh Keroaene and gaaolin waa Informed of his module Ibellneitmado Tennessee low a M U Trice Your local dealer can candidacy by telegraph apply you Mend The dots and dashes that spelled lor KEK I'olders out Polk’s surprising overthrow of T1IS COLFMAN LAMP AND 8TOVBCO Demothe in Buren Van Martin WUItf Wichita Ku Chicago We !)( cratic convention of 1844 were im- Philadelphia Pad Lee A ngtlee Oilit (617ZJ line of pulses over e Baltimore between telegraph FIRST AID ft scene of the convention and WashPolk who was waiting In ington Washington was the first man who Common Skin Ailments r-received the news in what is today a commonplace fashion Van Buren seeking to succeed I was easily the favorite himself But he had steadily lost ground at the Baltimore meeting after being placed “on the spot” by the question of tha annexation of Texas Southern delegates began to forsake his candidacy in large numbers) His managers attempted to change rule to the party’s new majority ukase but were unsucAGENTS cessful A steady drift to Polk began on Afaata Salt What Peepl Bar Thee arU- notion lea aelL coemetlce food product the ninth ballot of the convention ouaehold neoda etc free Catalog Kmth a letter from tVheleeala Uhh IMS B 0SW St ChUaf enough Strangely Buren’s Van mentor Jackson which pleaded for harmony helped INSTRUCTION complete the rout in Polk'a favor The telegraph wire served for 77J LEAril one more purpose on this momenSilas Wright Sen tous occasion SPECIAL TUITION a was in Washington and had been Approved by your Suto Barber Board tote CDn III ltat IL M lake City Itah tendered second place on the ticket with Polk He was angry over the shelving of Van Bureit so the dots and dashes which came back over the wire carried his indignant refusal of this chance to become of the United the Coleman A rlanilo LANTERN fit TlelieVinp Injuries Resmol ET:i Opening for States 9 Wh(i Unlea Gray Uniforms Research among the archives of Fort Monroe’ Va reveals that the rifle was responsible for the change in color of uniforms o! the United States Army from blue to olive drab Blue it was discovered is visible st a longer distance than any other color nnd makes an easy target for sharpshooters Until after the Spanish American war there were no guns accurate or high powered enough to make any difference FEMALE AGENTS t Makars o( wall known highly ethical coamotio preparation are seeking female agents either new or currently engaged in similar work Highly effective new selling seller angle makes it s in 60 of cases It will not be necessary to purchase sample merchandise if satisfactory credit reference are furnished with lattor ot lnqe£sy IT Hit today to ci:ic:rs It cosvitic co tLf Cty tt Y |