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Show RtEW OF YEAH THAT BROUGHT PEACE 10 WORLD AFTER FOUR YEARS OF WAR Germany and Her Allies Are Crushed and Forced to Accept Such Terms as Winners Dictate United States Supplies Power That Turns Tide President Wilson Joins Other Democratic Demo-cratic Rulers of World in Great Peace Congress at Versailles Old Nations Crumble and New Ones Are Formed Russia Torn by Disorders. was Announced tb.it Americans overseas over-seas or on the way numbered 1,019,1.15. The United States on July 7 agreed to allied action in Russia and preparations prepara-tions were begun for an allied military expedition into Siberia. On the same day Count von Mirbaeh, German am-'bassador am-'bassador to Russia, was slain at Moscow. Mos-cow. On July 8 it was announced that the Murman coast of Russia had thrown off bolshevik rule and invited aid from the allies. During July the lirst reports came from Russia of the execution of the former czar by a local soviet and these reports later were confirmed. General Foch opened the second phase of his counter-offensive on August Au-gust S when a surprise attack was launched on a 20-mile front in I'icnrdy, the allies gaining seven miles at some points and taking 7.000 prisoners. The following day Haig's men gained 1.'! miles in Picardy and the next day the French, attacking on a 20-mile front, wiped out the Montdidier salient. Foch Hammers Foe. Then followed a series of sledgehammer sledge-hammer blows on all portions of the front, all tilting into the general scheme of attack worked out by the master mind of Foch. On August 20 Lassigny fell and the former Sonune front Was restored. British and French armies, aided by American units, continued con-tinued the smash on the Somnie front and on August SO the Germans were hurled across the Somme. The British took Bapaume and were close to Pennine. Roye fell to the French and dozens of small towns were wrested from the invaders. Further north the British smashed the Ilindenburg line and forced the Germans to begin a retreat re-treat from the Lys salient. On September 12, the First American Ameri-can army, under the direct command of General Pershing, began a hrilliant action which wiped out the difficult St. Mihiel salient in three days. The Americans took 20,000 prisoners in tins action. ' , Serbian, French and Italian forces, on September 18, launched a big drive against the Bulgars in Macedonia. Almost Al-most simultaneously the British broke the Turk lines in the Holy Land. The Turkish army was shattered, and by September 27 had lost 45,000 men in prisoners. In the meantime the allies smashed the Hindenhurg line along a 22-mile front in the St. Quentin sector, and it was announced at Washington that the United States now had 1.750,-000 1.750,-000 men across the sea to aid in crushing crush-ing the crumbling armies of the enemy. The first decisive break in the ranks of the central empires came on September Sep-tember 27, when General Malinoff, commander of the Bulgar armies which were routed before the advancing advanc-ing Serbs and French, asked for an armistice. On September 30 Bulgaria accepted the armistice terms proposed pro-posed by the allies and. surrendered unconditionally. Congress increased the safeguards thrown about war industries by passing pass-ing the "sabotage" bill, carrying penalties pen-alties of $10,000 line and :i0 years' imprisonment im-prisonment for destruction of war materials ma-terials or interference with war industries. indus-tries. President Wilson signed this measure on April 20. The government also prosecuted vigorously many persons per-sons accused of violation of the espionage espion-age act. On August 17, 100 members of the I. W. W. were convicted of disloyalty dis-loyalty in the federal court at Chicago, after a trial lasting several months. Government control of the railroads was followed during this year by government gov-ernment control of all telegraph and telephone lines. Congress on .July 13 authorized the president to lake control con-trol of the wires and the government assumed control on July 31. On November No-vember 17, the government also tool; control of all Atlantic cable lines. The lirst general election since the United States entered the war was held on November 5. The Republicans won both houses of congress, the senate sen-ate by a majority of two and the house by a margin of more than forty. During September, October and November No-vember the entire country was swept by a serious epidemic of Spanish influenza. in-fluenza. Thousands of soldiers in the army camps and other thousands of civilians succumbed thereto and to pneumonia. , The country was surprised on November No-vember 22 by the resignation of William Wil-liam G. McAdoo as. secretary of the treasury and director general of the railroads. Representative Carter Glass of Virginia was named to succeed Mr. McAdoo as secretary of the treasury December 5. On November 28 Governor Stephens of California commuted to life imprisonment impris-onment the death sentence of Thomas J. Mooney, convicted in connection with the death of ten persons from a bomb explosion in San Francisco during dur-ing a preparedness parade July 22, 1910. Plan for making the United States navy second to that of no other country coun-try for 1925 were disclosed to congress by Rear Admiral Badger, chairman of the executive committee of the general board of the navy December 12. FOREIGN The map of Europe was being remade re-made as the year 191S carae to a close. The , Czecho-SIovnk republic was already al-ready in existence before the close of the war, having been recognized as an independent belligerent government by the United States, Great Britain, France and Italy, but the coining of peace saw the formal establishment of this new government at Prague. The end of the war also practically assured the rising of a great new Poland, made up of most, if not all, of the territory divided up years a0 among Germany, ' Austria and Russia. Finland threw off the shnckles placed upon her by Russia and out of the turmoil of civil war emerged as a free and independent shattered and the end in sight. Turkey Tur-key surrendered unconditionally to the British and the Austrians begged for an armistice, while their armies were in full flight. The allied war council at Versailles began to prepare the terms to be submitted to the Germans. The American First army smashed the German lines at Grand Pre and advanced seven miles west of the Meuse as the enemy line cracked. Austria-Hungary, on November 3, accepted the armistice terms which provided for unconditional surrender, hostilities ceasing at three o'clock November 4. On November F, President Wilson notified Germany to apply to Marshal Foch for terms, he having been informed in-formed that they had been prepared by the allied war council. German envoys were appointed and approached the allied lines but in the meantime the allied armies did not lessen the pressure they were exerting exert-ing on the enemy. The Americans, having inflicted a severe defeat on the enemy, clearing the whole front between be-tween the Meuse and the Aisne, rapidly rapid-ly advanced toward Sedan, cutting the vital communications between Metz and the long' German line extending to the north. The Germans, as a result of the American advance, faced the necessity of undertaking a general retreat re-treat to save their armies from being cut off. On November 9 the kaiser abdicated abdicat-ed and the crown prince renounced his claims to the throne. The government govern-ment of Germany passed into the control con-trol of the social democrats and Ilerr Ebert was made chancellor. The kaiser lied to Holland and was permitted per-mitted to remain there by the Dutch authorities. At the same time various vari-ous other German princes abdicated and soldiers and workmen's councils sprang into existence at many points. Germans Sign Armistice. On November 11 the German envoys en-voys signed the armistice which amounted practically to unconditional surrender. Under the terms of the armistice Germany agreed to evacuate evacu-ate all invaded territory and retire behind the Rhine, the allies to follow and hold all important crossings of the Rhine. The Germans agreed to surrender the greater part of their navy and thousands of heavy guns and airplanes, rendering them unable to renew hostilities. The armistice became effective at 11 a. m., Paris time, November 11. Tims the great world war virtually came to an end, although technically it will end only with the signing of the peace treaty. With the cessation of hostilities revolution spread through Germany and Austria. Emperor Charles of Austria abdicated and a people's government gov-ernment was set up. Field Marshal von Ilindenburg remained re-mained In supreme command of the German armies and began to direct the retirement of the Germans In accordance ac-cordance with the terms of the armistice. tively few strikes occurred during the remainder of the year. DISASTERS Fires, railroad accidents and explosions explo-sions took a heavy toll of human life on land during the year 1918 while tho elements combined with the torpedoes of the German J-boats to send thousands thou-sands of innocent persons, including women and children, to their death at sea. Fifty-two children met death in a fire which destroyed a convent at Montreal, Mon-treal, Canada, February 14. February 24 the liner Florizel, bound from St. Johns, N. F., to New York, was wrecked by a blizzard near Cape Race and 92 lives were lost. Seventy inmates of an Insane asylum at Norman, Oklu., were killed in a fire which destroyed that institution April 13.. On May 1 the Savannah liner City of Athens was sunk In a collision with a French cruiser off the Delaware coast and 66 lives were lost. On May 18 nearly a hundred persons were killed by explosions in the Aetna Chemical plant near Pittsburgh, Pa. Sixty-three persons, including well-known well-known circus performers, perished when a circus train was wrecked at Gary, Ind., June 22. Fifty persons were , killed by the collapse of a building at Sioux City, la., June 29. A small factory explosion in England killed 50 persons July 1 and on the following fol-lowing day an explosion in a munitions plant near Syracuse, N. Y., killed 16. Eighty-five merrymakers perished when an excursion boat sank in the Illinois river July 5. A hundred persons per-sons were killed in a collision between two trains near Nashville, Tenn., July 9. A tornado swept a part of Minnesota-August Minnesota-August 21, killing 50 persons at Tyler and Connors. On October 6 the United States transport trans-port Otranto was sunk in collision off the Irish coast and 450 persons lost their lives. Four hundred were lost when the British mail boat Leinster was torpedoed and sunk October 10. A series of terrific explosions in a shell-loading plant at Morgan, N. J., . on October 3 killed 94 persons and destroyed de-stroyed a vast amount of property. A severe earthquake which caused the death of 150 persons was reported in Porto Rico October 11. Great forest fires raged in northeastern Minnesota during October. Many towns were destroyed de-stroyed and about 1,000 lives were lost. On October 25 the steamship Princes3 Sophia was wrecked on the Alaskan coast and 343 were lost. Ninety-eight persons were killed November No-vember 1 in a wreck on the Brooklyn Rapid Transit lines. On November 21, about 1,500 persons were reported 1 killed by the explosion of German munition mu-nition trains en route from Belgium to Germany. One of the most unusual cases in maritime history "ras that of the United States navy collier Cyclops, which disappeared at sea while bound from the West Indies to an American Atlantic port. Announcement was made April 14 that the boat, with 293 persons on board, was a month overdue. over-due. Not a single trace of the boat or its passengers and crew was ever found, and the fate of the vessel Is a complete mystery. had advanced 47 miles from La Fere and were within six miles of Amiens. Here the advance was hailed. In the meantime, on March 20, the allies, facing fac-ing a catastrophe, at last, agreed upon a unification of eomtnivnd. and General Foch, the hrilliant French leader, was placed in supreme command of all the allied armies. A few days after the launching of this drive, Paris was bombarded by a "mystery" gun which it was known was at least 02 miles away. On March 29, Good Friday, this long-range gun made a direct hit on a Paris church and 75 worshipers were killed. . On April 10, Ihe Germans shifted their attack and began the second phase of their offensive a drive against the Brilish in Flanders with the channel ports as the objective. Here again the British were forced to give ground, but there was no creak such as occurred earlier on the Somme front. The British and Portuguese were swept back along the River Lys. The Germans took the Messines ridge and threw 125.000 men against the British below Ypres. But the Ypres defenses held firm, and, in the west Ihe Germans failed in their efforts to reach Hazehrouck. The terrific drive spent itself and the Germans had failed to threaten the channel ports seriously. On April 22 the British navy executed execut-ed one of the spectacular feats of the war, blocking the 'channel of Zee-brugge, Zee-brugge, a German submarine base. Germans Renew Offensive. On May 27 the Germans renewed the offensive with a powerful attack between the Aisne and the Marne. In a day they swept over the Chemin-des-Dames on the heights north of the Aisne and crossed the river in a rush. Next they took Soissons ami readied the Vesle. On they went to the Marne, extending their front on the river from Chateau-Thierry to Verneuil, and threatening Reims in their advance. The drive was halted with the Germans Ger-mans occupying a front 16 miles wide on the Marne. In the meantime the Americans had won attention on May 28 by talcing Cantigny on the Picardy front in a brilliant attack. On May 25, German U-boats began operations off the coast of the United States, sinking 11 ships. The German drive for Paris was resumed re-sumed but the turning point was . reached whan on June 6 and 7 American Ameri-can marines were thrown across the path of the advancing army at Chateau-Thierry. Chateau-Thierry. The Americans not only stopped the Germans but drove them back two miles, capturing several hundred hun-dred prisoners. In an effort to unite the Somme salient sali-ent with that of the Marne to provide a base for another move toward Paris, the Germans launched another heavy attack west of Noyon on June 10. They made considerable gains on a 20-mile front but the drive was halted within two days. Austrian Offensive Is Fiasco. Attention was. transferred from France to Italy when on June 15 the Austrians opened an offensive on the Italian front from Asiago plateau to the sea. The attack proved a complete fiasco. It was repulsed at all points and the Italians pursued the llcclng Austrians across the Piave, tailing 45,-000 45,-000 prisoners. Tlie German commanders made one last effort to break through to Paris when the crown prince's army group on July 15. Ihe morning after the French national holiday, launched an offensive along a front, from Chateau-Thierry Chateau-Thierry to Massiges, ,'!0 miles east of Reims. This tiflh and last phase of Ihe great offensive failed most signally, being stopped on Ihe third day. The American Ameri-can forces played a big part in Ibis second sec-ond decisive battle of the Marne. Fnsi of Chateau-Thierry the Germans forced a passage across Ihe Marne and the By DONALD F. BIGGS. I Blore history has been made in the year 191S Hum in any year that has passed since time began. This momentous mo-mentous twelve months' period comes to a close with the world at peace after af-ter more than four years of the most sanguinary fighting of this or any ol her age. During the year great nations have crumbled, new .nations have sprung Into being, thrones have tottered and fallen, monarchs who once ruled hundreds hun-dreds of millions of people with an Iron hand have lied for their lives or have fallen victim to the wrath of peoples peo-ples Intoxicated by their new-won freedom. The coming of peace finds America and her allies strong and fully able to meet the responsibilities that come with victory. On the other hand it finds the nations responsible for the world, cataclysm exhausted and torn by civil disorders that are born of defeat. de-feat. It finds the once great empire of Austria-Hungary in ruins from which there are already rising new free nations. na-tions. It finds the German empire disrupted dis-rupted and threatened with dissolution. dissolu-tion. The end of the war finds Russia in the throes of civil war. The world gets only fragments of news regarding the real situation in the land of the former czar, but these fragments have told a terrible story of anarchy and class strife in which thousands of persons have perished, slain in bloody riots or ruthlessly executed by the bolshevik leaders who control a large part of the . once great empire. Peace finds the menace of autocratic militarism supplanted sup-planted Lv the menace of bolshevism, which is attempting to extend its anarchistic an-archistic propaganda throughout the world. But, amid all the uncertainties that peace has brought, the world rejoices that the last citadel of autocracy has been swept away before the rising tide of democracy,, giving assurance that the millions who died upon the field of battle did not die in vain. Brighter days for all mankind have dinvned with the passing of the year 1918. HOW THE WAR WAS W0N The year opened with the opinion generally prevailing that the world war could "not be brought to a conclusion conclu-sion in less than eighteen months. It was an open secret that the German high command was planning to make a supreme effort on the western front, and during the early days of 1918 It was known that many divisions of German troops, released from the Russian Rus-sian front, were being transferred to the west front in preparation for the grand offensive. Interest during these days centered In events that were transpiring In Russia and in long-range peace discussions discus-sions In which President Wilson and Chancellor von Hertllng figured. On January 8 President Wilson, in an address ad-dress to congress, promulgated the famous "14 points" which he declared should form the basis of world peace. In Russia Premier Lenine and Foreign For-eign Minister Trotzky intrenched themselves in power by dissolving the constituent assembly which met-at Pe-trograd Pe-trograd January IS. On January 21 an all-Russian congress of Soviets was convened to replace the constituent assembly. as-sembly. There was little activity on any front during the month, but on J at, I 10 it was announced officially I hit icrlean troops were holding front ,:nc. trenches In France, occupy-In; occupy-In; a sector northwest of Tool. The Americans holding this sector received their baptism of fire when they repulsed a vigorous German raid. The Americans lost two killed, four wounded and out missing. On February Febru-ary 5 Ihe steamer Tuscania, carrying 2.179 American soldiers, was torpw-doed torpw-doed and sunk, with a loss of 159 lives. On February 9 the Ukraine signed a .separate treaty of peace with the central powers. Conditions in Russia continued to be chaotic. The bolshevik! declared the war with Germany over but refused re-fused to sign the peace treaty demanded demand-ed by Germany. The Germans thereupon there-upon renewed hostilities against Russia, Rus-sia, capturing Reval, Russian naval base, and advancing on Petrograd l.e-i.ine l.e-i.ine and Trotzky then announced that J'usslii was forood to accept the German Ger-man pence terms. On March the Russian, delegates at P.rcsf-Lilovsk v-gned Ihe peace Irealy Willi Germany. Germans Begin Great Drive. On March 21 Ihe long heralded offensive of-fensive of Ihe Germans was launi heil. A (o-rific blow was delivered against the British lines on a front of mere I I :;i ii 50 mib'S, extending from ihe River Riv-er Olsc, near La I' ere, to the Si usee river, about ( 'rolsolles. Wave after wave of the finest German Ironps were hurled at Ihe Hrllisli lines, and In a few days had advanced 15 miles. 'I he British Fifth army nt Ihe mini where tl lunched Ihe French lines was routed, rout-ed, mid for a time the allies faced dls-iiHler. dls-iiHler. The Germans continued to push :iulhwnrd, mid at the end of 15 days nation. The peoples of other smaller subject states asserted their independence. independ-ence. Civil war continued to threaten the new republic of China throughout the year. Hsu Shin Chang was elected president of the republic on Septera her 6 and during the next few months reports indicated a possibility of an agreement being reached between the northern and southern sections of the country. Peru and Chile were reported on the brink of war during the closing weeks of the year. The trouble between these countries was an outgrowth of the nitrate war of years ago in which Chile won Taona and Arlca. Dr. Sidouin Paes, president of Portugal, Por-tugal, was shot and killed nt Lisbon, December 15. The assassin was killed by the crowd that witnessed the crime. Two days later Admiral Canto Y. Cts-tro Cts-tro was elected president of Portugal. On December 16 the Finnish diet elected General Mannerheim regent of Finland. Teutons Move for Peace. Turkey moved for peace on October 4 and the German people were thrown into a panic as. they saw their allies crumbling. Prince Max. who had now become German chancellor, addressed a note to President Wilson, asking that steps be taken immediately to conclude an armistice and to open peace negotiations nego-tiations President Wilson answered by asking whether he spoke for the people or the then rulers of the empire and whether the proposal was based on an acceptance of tho presidents 11 peace points. Meanwhile the drive on the west front continued, and the Germans Ger-mans were driven from much ground that they had held since 1914. The Ilindenburg line was smashed at many points. Pershing's men broke the Toe's main line of defense west of the Meuse and after days of bitter fighting cleared clear-ed the Germans nut of Argonne forest. The Germans were forced to abandon the Chemin des Dares and to retreat on a long line from Laon as far east as Argonne. Germany sent another note to President Pres-ident Wilson on October 12. accepting the hitler's 14 peace principles and urging the president to transmit Its proposal for an armistice to the allies. Prince M;!x assured the president that by reason of constitutional changes the existing German government spoke for the people. President Wilson replied re-plied two days later, rejecting the Gorman Gor-man proposals, d"ol-irlng that any armistice arm-istice must be granted by the milllary commanders and must guarantee the conlinned supremacy of Ihe allied' a ruts. The answer of the el'led armies to Ihe Gorman peace proposals was to deliver slill harder blows at the retiring retir-ing en"inv. In the north Ihe Belgian Lit- f. Carrying out the terms of the armistice armis-tice the Germans surrendered 71 warships war-ships to the allies on November 21. Conditions were very unsettled in Germany during the closing weeks of the year, the socialist government apparently ap-parently sharing power with tho soldiers sol-diers and workmen's councils. Plans were under discussion for the summoning sum-moning of a constituent assembly to determine the future character of the government but activities of the radical rad-ical socialistic element under the leadership lead-ership of Ilerr Llehknecht threatened to disrupt the entire former empire. On November 29 President Wilson announced that he would head the American delegation to the peace conference and that the other delegates dele-gates would be Secretary of State Lansing, Col. E. M. House, Henry White, former ambassador to France, and Gen. Tusker H. Bliss, United Stales military representative on the supreme war council. The president, accompanied by the other peace dele-gales dele-gales and a large party of assistants, sailed for France December 4. President Wilson arrived at Brest December 13 and proceeded to Paris, v here he was given an enthusiastic reception. re-ception. He at once entered Into conference con-ference Willi the allied leaders, in preparation prep-aration for the opening of the peace conference in January. British, French, American and Belgian Bel-gian armies of occupation advanced inlo Germany as the Germans retired In accordance with the armistice, the allied armies reaching the Rhine during dur-ing the early days of December. NECROLOGY Death took a heavy toll among men and women prominent in public life during the year 1918. The list includes in-cludes the following: January 13, United States Senator James II. Brady of Idaho; January 14, Maj. A. P. Gardner, former congressman congress-man from Massachusetts, who resigned re-signed to enter the army ; January 30, United States Senator William Hughes of New Jersey. February 2, John L. Sullivan, former heavyweight champion, at West Ablng ton, Mass.; February 10, Abdul Hamid, former sultan of Turkey; February 14, Sir Cecil Spring-Rice, former British Brit-ish ambassador to America. March 6, John Redmond, Irish Nationalist Na-tionalist leader, at London; March 9, George von L. Meyer, former cabinet member and diplomat, at Boston. ' April 12, United States Senator R. F. Broussard of Louisiana; April 14, United States Senator William Joel Stone of Missouri. May 14. James Gordon Bennett, proprietor pro-prietor of the New York Herald, at Paris. June 3, Ramon M. Valdez, president of Panama ; June 4, Charles Warren LABOR AND INDUSTRY Labor unrest, resulting In many strikes, threatened to seriously hamper ham-per the government's war preparations early In the year hut through a spirit of co-operation shown by both labor and capital Ihe danger was averted and there was little labor trouble during the greater part of the year. During the early days of the yeat disaffection appeared among tiie workers work-ers in the shipyards and by February 12 the situation had assumed a serious aspect with strikes In effect In five yards. By February 10 the strike had spread still further in spite of an advance ad-vance In wages announced by the labor la-bor adjustment hoard. On February 17, President Wilson. In a letter to William L. llntcheson, head of the United Brolherhood of Carpenters Car-penters and Joiners, concerning the ship carpenters' strike, denied the right of labor to strike at that critical Juncture. Junc-ture. "Will you' co-operate or will you obstruct?" the president asked. The workmen responded lo (he president's appeal and the strike was declared on". At the same lime Secretary of Labor Wilson announced the personnel of a iiallonal board of labor, to he coin-posed coin-posed .of representatives of both labor and capital. On February 21 this hoard opened a conference for the purpose of establishing a basis for the settlement of disputes during the war. Former President William II. Tuft, chosen by the employers, and Frank P. Walsh, selected by the labor organizations, alternated al-ternated as chairman. This conference, confer-ence, on March 29, reached an agreement agree-ment providing that all labor disputes arising during the war should be .sub-milled .sub-milled to a board of medial Ion. This agreement was adhered to by both employers em-ployers and employees and comparu- i Americans who opposed tle-m were forced to fall back temporarily. Then in a brilliant counter-attack, the Americans Amer-icans drove the Germans back across the Marne, taking 1,500 prisoners, including in-cluding a complete brigade stall'. Allied Offensive Opens. On July 18 General Foch assumed the offensive. He struck the crown prince's right flank a vital blow and on the first day Ihe French and Americans fought their way for six miles along the Aisne. reaching the outskirts of Soissons. For two weeks (he great counter-offensive conlinned. (In Julv 20 the Americans met the crack divisions divi-sions of German guards and defi'iiled lliein In a stubborn ballle til Sergy Soissons fell to Ihe French on August 2 and by the following day the entire Solssons-Relms salient had been wiped out. The Indignation of the British people, peo-ple, aroused by Ihe U-boal outrages perpetrated by the Germans, was in-lenslfied in-lenslfied early In July when news was received of the shilling by a submarine subma-rine of (he hospital ship Llandovery Castle, oanylng wounded men and nurses between Canada and 5-Jnglainl, causing a loss of 258 persons, Including Includ-ing 12 nurses. The United Slales continued con-tinued to speed up lis war activities during July, and early In the month It army, led by King Albert, co-operating will: Ihe British, began to sweep the Germans from the Belgian coast. (In October 17 the Germans were driven driv-en from Oslcnd and Bruges and the British occupied i.ille. The whole west fronl was In motion. The allies sv "pt eastward through Belgium and through Ihe Industrial regions of France,. 1'hancellor Max. on October 21, sent another ponce note lo President Wilson, Wil-son, denying Ihe charges that Ihe Germans Ger-mans had been gu'lly of atrocities on land and sea. anil again giving assurances assur-ances thai the new government represented repre-sented Ihe people of Germany. President Presi-dent Wilson replied two days inter, agreeing to transmit the request for a n a rmlsl ice to I he a II ies. Italians Rout Austrians. As this note was delivered Ihe allies were smashing Ihe Germans at all polnls on the western fronl. and on October 2 1 the Ilallans launched a great offensive agalnsl the Austrians on the I'lave front, who within a few days were In headlong lllght with the Ilallans In pursuit. The Americans continued to smash Ihe Germans In vicious vi-cious attacks west of Ihe Mouse. The month of November opened wllh Ihe German armies facing niter rout, the armies of her utiles completely DOMESTIC AFFAIRS Practically every phase of American life fell the dominating influence of war throughout the year 191,8. In Ihe Held of national legislation woman's suffrage and nalion-wlde prohibition pro-hibition were urged as war measures. The woman's suffrage amendment was defeated In the senate October 1, after having passed the house. A. inillon-wlde prohibition measure, to become effective June 30, 1019, was enacted by congress and .approved by the president November 22. On September Sep-tember 6 President Wilson had ordered or-dered the manufacture of mall liquor slopped on December 1, as a food-conservation food-conservation measure. The government, early In the year, began lo lighten lis control over Industry Indus-try and business for Ihe purpose of furthering war elTorls and protecting the public. On January 10, to relieve a serious coal shortage which Ihrealeiicil to delay Ihe shipment of war supplies lo France, Fuel Administrator Garfield onion d a general shutdown of Industry Indus-try and business In all slates east of Ihe Mississippi river for a period of live days and (en succeeding Mondays. On February 13 tho order for licatlcss .Mondays was rescinded. Fairbanks, former vice president, at Indianapolis. July 3, Mohammed V, sultan of Turkey Tur-key : Viscount Rhonddn, British food controller, and United States Senator Benjamin R. Tillman of South Carolina; Caro-lina; July 27, Gnstav Kobbe, American author and critic. August 8, Max Rosenthal, famous artist, at Philadelphia; August 12, Anna Held, famous actress, at New York ; August 17, United States Senator Sena-tor Jacob 11. Gallinger of New Hampshire; Hamp-shire; August 2S, United States Senator Sena-tor Ollle M. James of Kentucky. September 17, Cardinal John M. Farley, Far-ley, archbishop of New York; September Septem-ber 25, John Ireland, Catholic archbishop arch-bishop of St. Paul. October 25, Charles Lecocq, French composer. November 4, Mrs. Russell Sage, widow wid-ow of famous financier, at New York; Dr. Andrew White, noted educator and diplomat ; November 8, Robert .1. Collier, Col-lier, editor and publisher; November 15, Gen. 11. ('. King, soldier and author. au-thor. In New York; November 10, Dr. O. U. Van I Use, president of University of Wisconsin; Joseph F. Smith, j. resident resi-dent of Mormon church. December 2, Fdmond Rostand, fatuous fa-tuous French playwright and poet. t VnyrlMlit, wis. tty Medina N nwaptipttr SymtlciUd.) |