Show TIIE GARLAND TIMES GARLAND UTAH Italy Feels the Pinch of Sanctions A Texas Front HOUSTON TEX the piecemeal presentations of Senator Borah Idaho Republican Presidential prospect or to the ideas advanced by Senator Dickinson Iowa Republican or Relief Law meant A parallel any of the others Since It seems established that the question Is what will It dot And among the cold and nonsubsidy Idea will and must be kept as a part of any farm policy the problem partisan analysts of the Washington Held one also hears a third question Is narrowed down to the question of of any of how It will be administered Each plan namely Is the sponsorship the numerous farm plans Ilepubllcan provides machinery— political Jobs— for or Democratic sincere? That fact however administration would aeem to guarantee inefficiency for the sake of Its political Congress rather than efficiency in’ administrahide Is anxious to do right by agriculture It Is attempting to supplant the tion Each of the plans obviously must reach Into nearly every county Invalidated Agricultural Adjustment w In the United States and the experience ct wlthFa-laabout which Its Indigained from AAA administration forces vidual campaigning members can talk the conclusion regretful as It Is that to which they can point with pride no efficient means for administration But there are other and unofficial has been suggested ' farm plans bobbing up here there and An unbiased Investigation of the It seems to be the open everywhere as far as I have been whole situation season for proposals to aid agriculture me to say able to make it prompts Few If any of them are grounded Each of that until partisan politics is elimcompletely In sound practice them ought to be conceded commenda- - inated from farm relief considerations farm aid Is going to continue in tlon for Rome of the provisions they lnQhple JKoiie 'it them including tbai ffiesst Perhaps It Is a character of onr which Is backed by the New Uealers 'system ‘of gov'errunent'1 thdt' the com the reason Is going to completely solve the farm dltlon exists but whatever that there may be I am convinced problem because we are going to have between the the farm problem with us for next year ought to be a distinction as a and the of such and the next and a good many years subsidy giving thereafter whether we like It or not giving of a subsidy to accomplish other I mean by that If we are purposes The tragedy of the current situation to have a subsidy let us not get It all Is that the farm relief plans taken constitute — mangled tp with a lot of prescribed individually or collectively I was going to say a mess and onsee-on- conditions which bind the farmer hand and foot I am one of those who bethought I believe that Is the most lieve that the average farmer Is better appropriate word that can be used to solve his own problem equipped the administration’s proThroughout than are his professional leaders who posal for aid to agriculture and perheads of farm organthemselves call meating every other proposal that has isations or the politicians who prat been put forward whether by statesabout the farmer and think only In the men or panacea promoters one can find terms of his voting number So I aay splendid collection of objectives that be sepcan the farm until problem cancel each other I mean exactly that arated from politics 'and nntll It can Recognizing the breadth of the statebe separated from theories of regimenment I have Just made evidence seems and binding the tation and to be necessary Let us look at these farmer by a lot of conditions there various plans or certainly at the one wolutlon for that Is scheduled to take the place of will not be any effective the farm problem AAA Washington — We have a new farm The natural relief law on the way and logical question New Farm Is what doee It First the administration proposes to like five hundred million dollars each year In from Purpose taxpayers on form or soother la O K to use for benefit to farmers It proposes to payments nse these funds to save the soil to prevent further carrying away of proIn our soil by conductive elements New Dealers describe tinued cropping of erosion the purpose as prevention It seems to me With that purpose there can be no quarrel Ever since the successive portions of our country were settled and the forest coverings removed" to boll has been subject erosion hy rain by flood and by wind The Department of Agriculture says that the top soil of probably fifty million acres has been destroyed In that manner It would seem then that It was was high time our government finding ways to stop It of this the soundness Admitting phase of tberprogram one tljen must turn to another pbnso that Is not written lnte law but results from It If f mil Is Improved Is It the fertility not natural tlon that there should be In And If an Increase production? Is It there Is an Inereise In production not logical further that we may find iKv coping a huge surplus ourselves s from the farm — and of eomnud The answer with no fort go market? ' es obviously So we fad these two circumstances In the administration farm bill probv that group of posed even driven New Dealers who until a few months lierp there and ago were (’“flaring that to maintain price we everywhere !'v of pro lection That must have theory was hedc In the AAA and was carried nut to the furthest hv SecreChestory Wallace and Adm ter Davis I know of no one wl'h n superlnfelll-gencsuflieion’ to enable him to picof this combination ture the that nor have I heard nnv argument to me reconciling the was convincing previous poller under AAA with that now projected In the new farm relief take something plan seems to be no doubt among or the farm prob'ern that s whether by subsidy Must Pay tint name or some trick Phrase for ag Benefits riculture cannot be Some way somehow money voided la going to he taken out of the federal treasury to pay henfits subsidies I do not know to the farm population whether anyonecanrpredIct where such naa policy will Iea'd as a Political figures seem tional program soluto be content with a temporary In tion something to get farm votes that has moved all of the debate through the ventilators of the house of discussion the and senate chambers basis has farm problem on a been noticeably absent This fact Is Just as true when Deal farm programs are subjectas is the ed to a searching analysis administration’s plan Itself It applies of an export bounty to the proposal offered by Senator McNary senate Republican leader to the plan of George Teck fonuer - AAA administrator to There students Several ago when the present policy was young a reader wrote me a rather years CraftersTake critical letter beTheir Toll cause I made the statement that crookedness was bound to crop Into administration of the relief program! was predicated not Mg prediction or ability as upon any clairvoyance a soothsayer but upon a knowof the that neceledge difficulty ssarily harasses the management of It was predorganization icated as well on an understanding that there was no way on earth to keep povisionaries liticians and out of these I had no apology to make organizations to that reader then but I do hM tlje privilege of boasting Just n bit kinds heads of these organadministrative izations In Washington have been put of cleaning np one to the necessity dirty problem after another It has happened In countless places not with the consent of the ruling authorities that petty grafters have crept in have taken their tolL evidence Now however Is seeping through to the top In record form of another danger In the attempted management of so many different groups from a central office in Washington The best illustration of this that I have seen comes from New York where the local relief organization has a "writers’ project” In operation Just at this time the local New York authorities with the assistance of Washington headquarters are trying to find out whether radicals manjr of them of foreign birth have taken chaige of the New York “writers’ project” assistant One man Samuel McCoy been has dismissed He directorhas charged that reds are in control are and that they taking up their time and seeking new members proselyting of a Communistic organization his charges those he atAgainst tacked countered with accusations that McCoy has continuously sought to promote Fascism among the writers It Is an unhappy thing to occur Here we have a paternalistic federal seeking to provide people government with work and some measure of comfor that work and we aee pensation a political problem Injected into It do not know what the end will be nor Is It pertinent to this discussion1 The point Is after all that it represents Indeed it proves the futility of to run all of these things attempting Those who favor from Washington the old Idea of state’ rights certainly cannot want for ammunition in defense of their beliefs C Was tarn Wawapspw Putoa “Hero’ Criminals Interest in criminals long Popular before the present day has gone to the extent of making heroes of murderer In 1754 Rev Mr and thieves a sermon of London described be had heard by a street preacher the remarkable skill with praising a notorloui Sheppard which Jack thief had escaped from Jail and “manfully burst his fetter aunder" Shep pard as well as Dick Turpin dlad lr his neatest attire and the executloi of both was Just the theatrical show ' the crowd expected”———”-''—-- Yard — Because rangers merged with a prosaic highway patrol thereby losing their entity as perhaps the finest fighting force for law enforcement that America ever knew they’re saying ro- mance has Suffered a death blow But I wouldn’t go so far as to say that — not about Texas There’s romance in her scope raw drama in her business Superlatives grow on trees out here and distance lives up to Its name We may not always fall In love with the fat lady in the sideshow but her size commands respectAnd sometimes as in this case there’s beauty along with bulk Take the famous King ranch — the mightiest domain In the hands of a single family in all the world probably There la a saying— and a true one — that It’s ninety miles from the front gate to the front yard Think of trying to shoo the chickens out of that front yard Praiiinf 'Charles Cortis Ms aetfve life there DURING was-- to Journalistic tendency Chafles Curtis’ larger deprecate achievements and laugh at his little vanities Now that he’s gone the newspapers without regard to their politics are printing tributes to the distinguished career and fine citizenship of this man who went from an Indian lodge to the second highest elective office In our gift Since to criticize our leaders Is an almost nniversa! Instinct wouldn't it be fine If we reversed the rule about speaking no Hi of the dead and praised while he a deserving could hear what we said — but saved up the scoldings until he'd passed on? I could elaborate on this text but must stop to try to think up some small gibe at the expense of some prominent man Yellow Peril taken the Japanese war the old cedar and shaken the mothballs out of it and are waving It In the breeze as a signal to the citizens of Los Angeles to remove the women and children to a place of safety and a warning to the folks in Seattle to start building street barricades Thns we have the annual revival of a time honored custom v To be sure there’s a racial difference to be reckoned with We’re a the Japanese breed of opportunists are a breed of fatalists The American soldier wants to go home when the mess is over and see if he can get his Job back from the lad that smuggled front the Into It while be was Japanese craves to rejoin his ancestors Instead of his family So naturala who'd to fellow go on living ly prefer is at a handicap fighting a gentleman who thinks you're doing him a personal favor by killing blm But no matter how aente the peril I decline to retreat to the Ozark mountains until they prove to me that Japanese explosives will explode when desired or at all Tl THEY’VE athe White Folk’ Melodies I said: “I’m LEAVING California the kinds of singing that up you hear so much of out here No matMexican a ter what song starts out with it winds up with something about a dove And the trouble with Hawaiian singers is that they’re always telling but they never go Thank you good-bgoodness I’ll soon be listening to the stuff I was raised on — spirituals pouring gloriously forth from velvety Afrlc throats” But I hear now the distressing news that even here In the deep South some of the black people are getting so or something they want to sing the white folks comparatively thin and pithless hymns Instead of their own rich glowing melodies Think of the race that mnde “Swing Low Sweet Chariot” not wanting to chant It! Think of a day when "Deep River” is forgotten by Its very creators! Think of “Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho” no longer ringing out whefe fhe field hands pick the cotton or cut the cane! Think of Little David not being entreated to play on his harp! Think of that and bust out crying! Glasses of Eternal Spring PRETTY much all over the country to be general complaint about the weather People are saying the trouble with this winter Is that there's so much winter to IL But there’s a philosophical way of regarding climatic unpleasantness My friend Ed Boreln the western painter knew an aged chief on the Crow reservation up In the Northwest who when the first freeze came went to the agency and bonght a pair of green goggles There didn't seem to be anything wrong with the old Indian’s sight — he had an eye like captive hawk— so Borein asked questions “Fm no longer young” answered the ancient “and I don’t like the snow and Ice see only wbprever I look and it makes springtime Now green things in my heart” Maybe w once In awhile we could learn from the lowly Red man fRVfM s COBB”“ ‘ — WNU frarvlc something — Olll The precious fuel shown gushing forth from solini shown In Inset How young Italians take pride In emment to help It beat the pressure of sanction may children of the dictator turning over their By WILLIAM C UTLEY AN oil sanctions stop the war? to be The answer seen “yes” If the league can in cutting off all oil shipments to Italy Estimates of the expert recently assigned by the League of Nations to make a survey of the situation Indicate that six or seven months of a complete oil embargo would bring U Duce to cease hi operations In Ethiopia factors may alMany qualifying matter of ter the situation As fact the longer the League of Nations ponders the advisability of applying oil sanctions— the longer the delay — the longer Italy will be able to hold ont after sanctions begin to be enforced For she Is reported to be storing oil at a rapidly Increasing rate the way In which American oil shipments to Italy have more than doubled normal proporof what Is tions is an Indication happening between Italy and other nations Even Rumania one of the staunchest supporters of the sancher petrol tions Idea is Increasing to Italy shipments Normally Italy uses 1500000 tons of oil annually With the war now going forward In operations she now Is burning It up Ethiopia at the rate of 2500000 tons Of of her normal Importations furRumania tons annually nishes about 35 per cent Russia 22 Persian sources (conper cent 12 trolled by Great Britain) per sources (also cent to i controlled by Great Britain large extent) 14 per cent the United States 10 per cent and all othef sources 7 per cent During the past year when Italy tons Rumanian Imported 2500000 leuped to 41 per cent of shipments the total Russia shipped 10 per cent Persia 15 per cent 15 per cent the United States 6 per cent and other source 7 per cent Because of the delay In the apIt Is beplication of oil sanctions lieved that Italy can go along through the rainy season and pick In auoperations np her military tumn Freah Supplies Are Problem In lightThe temporary ing will make possible the saving of and oil will thus considerable stretch out the period of Italy’s “reHow prieve” a few more months long after that time Mussolini can keep going depends upon bis success In securing fresh supplies The answer to this lies largely with the nations who are not memThe United bers of the league States has not yet made up Its mind whether Its new neutrality act will contain the provision that exports to belligerent nations must not exceed their normal proportions One of the things bolding np the league embargo of course Is the fact that member nations are waiting until It can be determined what kind of action will be taken by the nations If Italy can kebp baying oil from nations the members will face the possibility of losing a good share of their oil business for a long time to come if not permaSome of them are trying to nently console themselvee Into thinking that Immediate losses will not be a settlebecause very Important within the ment may be effected next few months Italy Is attempting to ameliorate its own situation through the adoption of substitutes for oil and the Installabuilding of new factories tion of transformers and slmllur preparations are well under way The process even when It gets moving well Is costly one however and It Is doubtful whether Italy’s tha earth at the right Is the biggest need today of Musturning ever their valued private poeeeeeiona to the gov ba seen at the upper left Lower left are Romano and personal jewele to tha government solntlon to the problem of oil sanctions lies In that direction Some estimates place the total annual saving In oil by that means could be only about 110000 tons Limit U 8 f Export If the United States does adopt the kind of neutrality law adv- ocated hy President Roosevelt and Secretary of State Hull the League could then be assured that Italy would not receive more' than tons of oil annually from American producers American shipments are unthe League has another card which It could play however Most of the oil tankers In nse are owned by British and Scandinavian Interests American shipments might be materially cut by denying the United States the use of these tank- - If limited ers Italy has been adding of tankers Accortransport subItaly now hag 82 ships which total approximately 350000 tons There pre tankers in the Italian navy which might be Included and which wopld add another 70000 tons It has been estimated that Italy might herself be able to transport some 2000000 ton annually from ports oo the Gulf of MeMeanwhile to her own Beet ding to the League committee’s estimate ' xico’ If sanctions on oil Undoubtedly re declared the League would declare a prohibition on the sale of tankers to Italy thus preventing her from building up her tanker fleet any more than she has already Also It la done probable that the League would forbid the movement of tankers sailing to Italian ports To accomplish this and to prevent the shipment of oil la containers carried brother types of vessels It would probably be necessary to declare naval blockades This la too much like war and the League Is about Invoking exceedingly wary the blockade There Is little likelihood that new tankers would be purchased by American Interests to carry on s wartime trade with Italy The polthe too is of administration icy clear against aiding a nation at war at any time The usual amount of regimentation of dictatopeople under has multiplied rship many times since the 53 nations declared economic sanctions on Italy The government haa declared Import monopolies on hundreds of Items from meat and fish to things like moving picture films To protect the gold reserve the National Institute for Foreign Exchange was authorized to control all transactions Involving the precious metal Citizens or corporations may not sell or exchange gold nntll they It to the government have offered which agrees to return It In the same amount and quality within a with Interest at 5 per cent" year Royalty Sets Example Italy's king and queen set an example by sending their wedding rings to Mussolini anittke populace quickly took up the Idea thousands upon thousands of persons turning over their own gold rings' and receiving Iron rings Jn exchange In colorful and indeed pitiful ceremonies throughout the country After the depletion of the gold to point somewhat nnder 14000001X10 the Treasury department hat Insisted that It ha maintained most of that reserve through Increased taxation the floating of bond Issues the wedding rings new of goverloans the conversion nment credits and the realization of foreign credits held by private citizens I’rlces of foods and other Items In common "use skyrocketed after had felt the pinch of sancfor a little while Gasoline rose 85 cents to $120 a gallon wheat went np 20 lires a quintal Coal soap and textiles followed Factories shut down because there were no raw materials to manufacture or because of the prohibitive prices on raw materials Appeals were made to the emotions of the people Boycotts were declared on goods coming from countries Great engines of economy and conservation of sanctioned articles were set In motion There were — and are—plenty of the meatless days and wheatless days that we Americans knew during the war except that the Italians probably observe them more rigidly and more frequently The populace was to eat more fish and encouraged poultry that beef pork and mutton could be conserved or aent to the boys In the African trenchea Newspaper and periodical even refused to accept any'' more contributions from authors of the sanctlonlst and textbooks from those countries were removed countries from the schools To meet the needs of the poorer people who were hardest hit by the rising prices which followed the application of sanctions commissions of doctors an) dieticians Issued pamphlets on the maintenance of proper diet and living conditions under the difficulties The people were not to be denied bread for the fine wheat harvest of 1035 was 21 per cent greater than that of 1034 In the last five years the total area sown' In wheat has been Increased by about 400000 acres Another 150000 acre' wers added during 1038 ' Italy tions from Policy of Secrecy The Treasury department eventbegan a policy of eecWCy aa exact status and It was be- Ileved that this status was none too good In the face of the fagLthat publication of all statement of the"—’ ually to Its Treasury department and the Bank of Italy were suspended The Italian deficit last year was about with nearly half of this accounted for by the campaign In Africa It Is not In foodstuffs buf In raw materials thnt Italy faces the most threats of sanctions dangerous Italy Imports nearly 2000000 quintals of cotton annually — of It from the United States— as against a production of She only 9000 quintals at home alao Imports five times as much wool as she produces but much of this Import can be canceled by the substitution of silk rayon and other materials The nation Imports practically all of Its requirements In seeds rubber and of course oIL The home production of oil probably does not exceed 1 per cent of her normal needs needs In timber are not Italy' facing any serious threats for she can still Import practically all she needs from Austria Austria is also helping In fortifying Italy against the pressure of sanctions on minerals Needs of scrap Iron are diminishing as the result of national drives to corral all the old Iron In the nation Italy's own production of Iron ore can be Increased about Its normal needs With other minerals It Is not the same Italy must Import all of her tin and nearly all of her copper from sanctlonlst countries Aluminum may be for some of these prodsubstituted ucts The nation la fairly rich In aluminum She Imports about half of ter lead She must Import about ten times as mnch coal as she produces aliont half of the total import coming from sanctlonlst countries 'Her own coal la of poor qual- Ity fi Wwtm NtvfOAMf Dalf |