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Show NES ARTH HefRygus Wy (Fuarof CARDINALMERRYDE VAL THE PAPAL SECRETARY OF STATE Et USING AN AMERICAN TYPE WRITER rican PoL IC In & iL ιἔρῶρμ HEreports from Rome show that recent antlclerical demonstrations are leading to more and more vigilant caution on the part of the pope's household. The 1ith of February, the fifteenth hundre anniversary of St io John Chrysostom, should naturally have been the occasion of splendid ceremonies in St. Peter's, but, as that largest Christian church on earth easily holds ] } some 90,000 people at once, and a crowd of tnat size would be practically uncontrollable in case of any sud den act of violence, the services were not held there at all, but inside the Vatican palace, wh« attendanee was necessarily limited, so that cards of admission could be given out with much more strict ki ledge as to who would use them The precautions seemed to optin people quite needless; but events reported witl I week seemed to show that they were merely pruder The anniver sary of the execution of Giorando Bru he was put to death in Rome in 1600 for teaching thodox views), yas made the occasion of im peeches by so cialist and revolutionary orat« in juare where the execution took place It is a mile ¢ » from the Vatican, but Italians know Italians pretty we so the government took no chances of letting any excited throng move over towards the papal palac troops were sta tioned at various points to head off a ittempt at in ecendiary demonstrations in that line, and at the Vatican itseif extra guards were detailed for dut The Vatican itself, the gre | e in the world, has seen, in times past, its sha exciting experiences, but it is net actually likely it will see any more of the same tragic sort American tourists in Rome have had pointed out to them a certain long, covered passage way, a sort of walled bridge, leading crookedly down from the papal palace to the ancient fortress by the Tiber known as the Castle of St. Angelo, In the middle ages, when the popes took a hand in European politics, more than one of St. Peter's vicars found that long, protected passage-way a useful path to the safe shelter of the citadel. But to-dayall is different. Nobody (outside halfcivilized Russia) dreams of killing off heretics. And, on the other hand, the pope no longer controls European politics. It would be only a stupid piece of brutality for any fanatic to attempt personal violence against the present head of the Catholic church, All the same, since one good way to avoid trouble ls to be prepared for trouble, the papal household in the Vatican is admirably organized for the security of the great palace and its treasures and its occupants And, as at least one in ten of all the people of the United States sends money every year to the Vatican (not directly, but through church offerings), it is of interest to know something about the maintenance of the vast establishment out there near the western limits of the historic city of Rome As most people know, the palace is actually not one building but a huge, rambling group of buildings. The adjoining park is surrounded by a high wall which once upon a time formed part of a system of fortifications, but which at present merely looks imposing. It could in fact be demolished without the slightest difficulty if a body of men wanted to maketrouble Outside the main entrance to the palace on St. Peter's square one sees a few Italian policemen—ordinarily no great display of protection, but just enough to remind the passerby that the spot has special importance. And curiously enough, those Roman policemen are practically frontier guards; for the Vatican itself and its grounds are not a part of the kingdom of Italy at all, but under the separate sovereignty of the pope. Inside the Vatican doorway, the king of Italy has technically no more au thority than Kaiser Wilhelm or the president of the United States, i. e., no authority at all. On the threshold and in a spacious corridor beyond are always stationed certain defenders of the palace household, the fa us Swiss guards. They are gayly clad—indeed their appearance suggests a pageant rather than a battlefield, but it would not be safe to infer that they are mere stage supernumeraries ‘hey have stern traditions of heroism to live up to. In 1527 a band of just such guards wearing just such gorgeous toggery held their ground for six voutly intent policy depend at present, to a great extent world Just how far his strong personality and the pl strong though very different personality of the pope pull together in these matters, nobody knows. Or, Many if any haa does know, he is most unlikely to tell people are inclined, with or without reason, to believe that His Excellency Merry del Val is personally responsible in great measure for the tragic doings in France THE PoPE wire s@NFIDENTIAL J *MASTER OF THE CHAMBER.” last year, when the conflict of church and state reminded of the old problem, “What would happen if tible force should meet an immovable object?” outsiders ali irre The answer was “Concussion.” Of course it is not to be expected that a household of such a size should be quite free from dom »stic wire in a position to tell interesting tales ip their scandal up to this ne are too discreet to date, but it does no harm to repeat gossip of Pius X.’s \s gossip goes, the majordome imperious predeces of the Vatican, in office at the time Leo XIII. was elected had never been a friend to the great man during his it was, however, the majordomo’s duty to »; cardinal I to the new pope the papal skull-cap of white 8 which replaced the cardinal’s cap of red. It had long been the custom for a new pope, at this point in the cere mony, to give the acting majordomo the discard ed red cap, as a hint that he would soon be promoted t a cardinalship. But Pope Leo, on accepting the new cap of white, calmly pecketed the old red one, saying, “The Those pulling pope forgives but does not forget.” If the story be true, es to show that, as Artemas Ward used to sav: it only “Must folks are human.” The officer of the household with whom ordinarytravelers and pilgrims have to do, at least through correspondence, is Monsignor Bisleti, the “master of the chambers,’ who receives and passes upon all requests for audiences and interviews with the pope himself. He, of course, has to have 8 ΠΕ X BESTOWINGTHE PAPAL BLESS UPON A GROUP OF KNEELING HUMBLE PILGRIMo. secretary of his own, for the work of his department is not only hours against invading enemies, fighting till the very last man of their gallant number lay helpless or dead on the palace floor : Still another organized body for the armed defense of the precinct is that of the Palatine (i. e., ‘“Palace”) guards, a small regiment of special militia living in the barracks on the premises. Ordinarily their functions are nothing more serious than those of police, ready to keep a crowd in decorous stillness or decorous movement when any large number of outsiders attend a service like that in honor of St. John Chrysostom, already referred to. But political enmity and religio-political mob-violence are not the only dangers against which the Vatican must needs be guarded. Commonplace, vulgar thievery has to be considered, for, besides being the strategic center of the greatest organization on earth—the Catholic church— it is the repository of art treasures of immense importance and practically incalculable value. We have heard much within the last few years about thefts of superb canvases, embroidered vestments and the like from other Italian palaces. The Vatican library and its galleries of sevlpture, paintings, tapestries and other valuables would be a mine of wealth almost beyond a vandal's dreams, were it not for the fact that the most valuable things of all are likewise so famous that they could by no possibility be sold to any appreciative purchaser withont instant detection. To offer for sale the Codex Vaticanus (the oldest existing MS. of the Bible), or Raphael’s Transfiguration, or the Apollo Belvedere, would be a good deal like negotiating the sale,of London bridge But any of these priceless things might be damaged beyond repair by a malicious fanatic or a madman. It is partly to prevent such a possibility as this that the palace maintains a body of police known as carabineers or gendarmes. They are likewise splendid to behold, especially on a full-dress occasion, when they appear with white buckskin trousers and towering helmets of black bearskin, like the drum-major in an American street parade One enemy there is who absolutely cannot be kept off the premises, but who must be perpetually followed scholarship, shrewd knowledge of human nature and de- perplexing in its delicate responsibility, but oftentimes enormous in amount. most modern part of all, “new wing” of the and someof the palace, has charge of the immense pile of builc lingss as re remodeling that, fighting the uniman’s handiwork His responsibilities part of the Vatican to which an outsider access is kept in excellent order, proved in point of medern convenience. Like all Italian palaces of mediaeval was originally built with no provision for winter heating except an occasional > apartments used for residence by the his household system of pipes and radiators and lighted byelectricity, with speaking tubes and telephones galore. place clean areall s, the chambermaids, 5 women enter the palace except as guests attend someservice, r, As devout pilgrims, the papal blessing. The pope's sisters, call to see him livé in apartments some distance away. In the days of Pius ΙΧ 2,000 peoplelived in the less work of one sort and an- long, and a schedule of the functions of the various individuals be impracticably The most important member of the whole household, regards the causing of enmity or the maintenance of peace with the rest of the world, is the papal secretaryof state, Cardinal Merry He is one of the most brilliant young diplomats its exceedingly delicate relations fateful problems in nearly in the civilized On the whole, though individuals are bound to be disappointed now and then, he manages to give an enormous numberof people from every part of the earth, non-Catholics as well as Catholics, the desired opportunity to look directly into the kindly face of the spiritual father of 230.000,000 souls. Pius X. himself is singularly free from any sort of cheap desire to glorify his own personal dignity. As most Catholics, and some Protestants, know, his recent issuance and insistence on autocratic edicts in the field of theology are strictly in his official and technical capacity as head of the Catholic church. Any great emphasis on his personal greatness bores or even pains him. Once in a great while, on special occasions of ecclesjastical state, the pope puts aside his own preference for plain simplicity by allowing himself to be carried into St. Peter's in a splendid chair of red velvet and gold, borne on the shoulders of ten stalwart chair-bearers (Sedarii), likewise superb in red and gold. A swarm of obsequious body-servants he would frankly regard 848 8 nuisance. But, naturally, an old man with an immense amount of work to do ought to save his time and strength for what-is most important, so he does have a personal attendant (a valet) to do little things for his personal convenience—such things as a wife or daughter might do if he were just a nice old gentleman in a modest American me, In any case, even if he walks with democratic matterof-factness on his own feet, his appearance before any large gathering of people is always accompanied by that of a number of the noble guards. These are some of the most distinguished figures to be seen at any papal {απςtion; there are 60 or 70 enrolled, though not all are on duty at once. Every man is the son of a noble Italian family, a man of independent fortune, who pays all his own expenses and lives in his own home, but gives volunteer service as a matter of personal devotion to the church. The men present a fine, soldierly appearance and, in their stunning uniforms, with helmets of steel and gold bands across their breasts, they form one of the most picturesque parts of a papal pageant E. 8. MERRIAM. — Wherein Modern Marriage Is Usually a Matter of Barter (Copyright.) still the male who ed the result with who acce} female of cus-| out Even the superficial student demur. th idea of matrithe that toms knows mony as a two-sided affair in which | woman has as much interest as man with her individual tastes as much to be regarded, tions old. exclusively is scarcely two genera-| Even now, the marry s not tion of ] man to womar Marrying former the man as it yet does ent women Probably man to man. ) Ὰ among dependwhen the pri-| the head and | meval man rapped over earried off the woman who attracted him, he was showing as much senti ment as was needful, and her opinion was not s The ϱ who escaped | an barter became th έ t wa the twentieth cen Had Sole turythe form tering has changed somewhat, for dx “we not see our rich girls becoming ἱ yers of dukes, and other titled men not too proud 6014 in as open a arket as if put up to auction? d, throughout the uncivilized world, in « lands, marriage ter of sale t reaction has st day make possible iins career but Π respect was that she sho ma a ] 1 en to w ν πὶ ο By DORA MAY to him for any other reason than that is the complement of her nature, gz who —_ her glad she is a) rself as truly as if he who no and scorn, for by was proved lacking attributes which attracted men—she had not been true to her sex, so to speak Thus old maid” became a stigma to avoid at any cost of one feelings if one possessed more than heart; and many a woman did and many & woman has married, not real-; for love or even for a home, but that entering upon it|on her tombstone might be written It was equal Wife of It searcely seems that woman who did/such a motive could t not! so vital a ster Yet it d 1g That many women formerly entered the marriage state without any real sanction of the drawing toward it is shown by the eagerness with which women : have turned to other means of support as these have opened up to them. Noth- do not marry arry without | em is the true | las ever been seen in social economics ce the welcome given by women to ways of self support, and t igh the in-rush of the sex into various lines has brougt some evils iage relation. such women| they had to| Ik alone, and it has >» mately ¢ face he e a woman and so, t, arry ν e nD her ne it βρε ¢ free good, and ultiwas never 16st, to he yness xWw € distur- which are her lex 1OCE 1 the ion in wine ' as to-day while iin 1@ world ; ; business wW r ] life and Woman tinctive to iTe clears ar ) as/|low thha others, is 16 g ag truert nan u Tl more | x healed bance is like the fern that makes the mas had nad é was is she re that she ecause tion of a man’s proposal, or if she goes! mat sentiment, but the d which will some is entirely m- When there ot more Voice in the Marriage Compact— Women Now Have Hand in Bargaining and Multitude Sell Themselves. te ee inWAS ttenti by her companions portunity, al that she was al-|ized so littl and by herself, too, what matrimony lowed to walk in safety th y nat out of styl After clubbing went such mas¢ fortunate, dest selected, and \b¢ | Whether by Clubbing or Purchase Man Until Recent Times } tural ng her wits against dis al- and and out her |