Show I II I Fo CF oaf r t None Should Blame Thanks r r JIVin- JIVin Bird for lor Mental t e b for All of Efforts Go Toward the th 4 Development of Flavor 1 f k i j jJ J f J KiX 3 i is I I t tENOR t- t 4 EXOR ENOR DON TURKEY played a brilliant part In history ev even n before re reth th thc tho Spaniards discovered hint along blong with M Mexico In 1518 J JLong c. c Long before that he had been bee worshiped by Aztecs Later Latet Later When his religious vogue was past he hew honorable men mention m tion as aR a bird of honor at the marriage banquet of a king So superior U a viand was he considered when first firt Introduced t to Europe that in Ina a constitution set forth by Cranmer in 1541 turkey Is named as one of the greater fowls of t an ecclesiastic eccles- eccles antic was to have but one onA in a But he speedily multiplied to such an extent that no later than 55 two turkeys and and four four turkey chicks' chicks w re feast of at the sergeants at arms London ln-London- I I Turkeys at nt that period were mentioned in connection connection with cranes and swans as important and rich items of i ja n a banquet A little later in 1573 turkeys were used on the tables table of En English fish husbandmen for the Christmas feast In the meantime they were more than pl plentiful fn In their home land where turkeys s 's continued to sell for six cents apiece as late as the nineteenth century en ury For Ix cents in th Re good td ays' ays about h t could be he e bought by Iby aj d good shopper shopper family needed of it was necessary to a turkey weighing twenty-five twenty o thirty pounds pay as ali much as n a a quarter But it must mUt be remembered that six sir cents in those hose days counted a good deal more than it does in this I The turk turkey y that the Aztecs worshiped was probably either the Mexican lId turkey which Is known by the white t touches on Its tall taU covers and quills quills' pr r 1 more appropriately the turkeyS turkey of or Honduras and parts other of South America whose brilliant plumage spotted almost as gloriously with colors ns asa n peacock somehow om ow allies particularly It particularly that arl early people which turkey The turkey which strolled out of the forests of New England and furnished so marvellous so-marvellous banquet a for our bur Purl Puritan tan forefathers for fathers was a Ii handsomer handsom r bird than that of Mexico l In the opinion of some of-some some beauty but not so 50 one a oneas S the Honduras turkey i aThe a- a I t. t iThe i The American wild turkey really r belongs to Thanksgiving was the North American wild turkey found found throughout the the eastern United States United States States and Ca Canada uda Scientifically lt Js known as the Americana l' l r Its plumage is black shaded h d d with with bronze Jn it the rays of the sun t the eb bird rd gleams in ill a beautiful harmony of j lack hick copper gold and bronz bronze And the turkey tikes Ikes the rays of or of tp the s sun p n He hates damp amp w weather il er n not t alone Because beca it t lt is I bad ad for his health but bu be because ause It ob obscures res ty I It Is generally b believed d at at present that that all the tle he turkeys of f the ii f have vei descended from front the three three forms for s known as the North American I J 4 bird If which YN t h has lust just been described the Mexican bird and the bird j The turkey which Introduced In into Q Europe may have b been en car car- carried carrIed car car- ried th there rc by the Sp Spaniards from Me Mexico or t p Jesuits may have t taken ke l it s sack Nick ack across th the one of their t s scattered stations In the g great eat woods odds of bf In any any vent one one of ot its representatives figur figured at atthe the i marriage banquet of Charles of-Charles Charles and IX-and IX and vas regarded as of sufficient nt importance i fo o be mentioned In the reports of that festivity The Mexican turkey is the bird of l I i cd which also came over over the over the line lito into the southern part of the United States the name that is generally employed to describe this turkey It is somewhat f Jn the shank than thun th the northern northern- species Its bo body r. r a lon i lp metallic bl black shaded 1 d with bronze This This is thought ought t to be the t navigators rs first bore back t to Spain and d En England land The white ti so tP Its plumage c also o have hav suggested tl that at It isto Is to this bird Ird rather than to tot e. e turkey of North America thin most o the domestic fowls owe their origin The tl key M O which Is smaller than th the others rs has a I hare Inre head n neck Its body bodi Is bronz bronze and green Banded with gold bronze blonze n d varied with spots or eyeS of brilliant colors colors- colors blue Ted red t- t at- at n hn and brilliant black Why the turkey Is called the tur y when its origin Is occidental Is a subject that that has man f There are Several reasons reasons reasons' given by th those e who have delved deeply into this problem and one is privileged egE d tofake ke his his choie chol choice e In the tM first place e it Is sti the t turkey was was as originally supposed t to Have nave come come- from from Asia Thus at a time when when a great of territory on the We Asiatic was called T the bird derived its name from its supposed origin Another speculative chron r Cord th that Indians J Indians called called th the tiit bird d and that fr from m this Its common name was was created rented created Then again it it 1 is g Yb d that the bird named Itself by its peculiar utterances s which translated as turk turk e Again Again- still more subtle philosophers have bave trac traced the naming of the of-the the bird to Its kinship In ma matter f poJ h habits the Turks over the water Certainly no turbaned subject of the sult nr en in j the days das when harems were considered an art article le leof of r was ever more mote tenacious of his privileges In this regard re regard ltd than the turkey cAck of of J barnyard or forest Turkeys were also at one tm time supposed to hav 1 ome I II from front Africa and md th they Y were confused contused with guineas The errors in th r len I naming are due to lo this confusion contusion r W When n In 1621 after making their first harv harvest arv st r the pilgrims dec decreed that lt festival which which vas was really the first Thanks Thanks- Thanksgiving there should be a a. a three days' days giving WIld lr f ah had become known as a delicious food fur furnished the he ma mainstay n tar of of ot tJ the p. p f feast The theold The old old p pioneers Ve weren't en so so ba Jr ft i iI is I seems In ways some as we have been lieen led t for they were deprived o of ot the jo Joys s of tinned mea meats eats s and vegetables and cold storage 30 and similar laJ blessings turkeys were were so so Jt recorded It Jt was customary to refer reter to them as bread An Another ther chronicler chronicle er sets forth fort the fact fl that the the breast breast of the wild turkey when cooked cooked in d Jn n butter was wase teem by even the epicures among the explorers But nut In 1 Spite of their anc i r- r ke keys s 's were wre regarded with favor even by lh the file red men If one Is to to Judge by the ilie fo following following prayer which they uttered V 0 Gr Great Being 1 C thank Jhee thee that have I Obtained the s of oI 01 my my legs a J t tIt I u again aln so so that I Ivain Itam I vain tam m able to walkabout and kill turkeys It w was not alone in e early New England Eng that the he bird was regarded with fth such luch favor r as ns an edible I Isaac an De In 1627 writes s a d description of the the turkey nukey and details the method pf hunting them in the New Netherlands There are at also so very large larg tur turkeys eys running wild They have very long longlegs legs and run sa s f y arl fast task that generally we take savages when wego wego we wego go td to hunt them for when one lias has deprived them of the power of flying they yet run so 0 fast that we cannot catch them unless their legs arc are hurt also Turkeys have hirTe been called the greatest game bird of this country and th the methods of taking them have been bee beer many any John Hunter who was c captured by y the Indians and pent time some some time in In captivity In 10 his memoirs written n In 1824 tells how the Indians made a decoy decoy bird from the skin of a turkey turkey followed followed fol fol- fol- fol ve Io lowed the turkey tracks until they came upon a flock and then partially displacing their heIr decoy decoy and anA Imitating imitating the gobbling noise made by the cock drew off all fi first one fUd and 1 th then then another of the flock who being socially Inclined cime came along along to investigate the newcomers Among the Indians the children were expected to kill turkeys' turkeys with their thel k blowguns Ira tn e w weird ivero r liol 1 hollow w eels eeds In which arrows arrow were placed and tout lout with such force that that being b ng directed at the eye of the e creature ture they oft him down Children as young as eight years years were successful at this this Sort sort ort of shooting Adrian Van der Donck says say s that turkeys were som sometimes sometimes' s' s caught by dogs In the snow during th the these P se seventeenths t ent 1 century c. c but generally they were shot at night from trees They Jn the e tr trees e I in large flocks and often otten selected the same spot many nights In fa sU esso At other times the Indians would lay roots of which the turkeys were were fond In small streams and take the birds as they were in the act of getting g. g th the these e roots roots In Virginia the trap or OJ or pea vas was was much used This trap was b built In the forest and leading to It it was a a long train of ot corn The trap wa was a simple affair built o of of logs i laid 4 one one n upon another and having rough rails laid across cross the top There was it dug under the lowest logs which fenced in the pen In this thlE french ren n rn was vas scattered and the turkey following the trail trag of this e ed distance d off oft off j would finally come to the trench which seem seemed to be quite providentially strewn w with h an unusually rich supply He followed ed the th- path of f rich food to his destruction The turkeys turkey's lack pf of Intelligence when it penning him up Is one of the reasons reason why a great grent many Americans have not Dot b been en In accord with Benjamin Frank Frank Frank- fins fin's idea den that the turkey and not the the eagle should be th the bird of our country K describing the Sil turkeys In the latter half of the nineteenth nine- nine century in Michigan n speaks speaks of the use use of the hollow bone of the thew w- w turkeys turkey's s wing Ing which in the mouth n ili of Ian an an expert can be made to reproduce perfectly per- per I. I featly the piping sound of the turkey turey hen Sometimes also turkeys were c l hunt hunted d on horseback In Virginia to an old writer this was not 1 lV uncommon He says says lr t 1 f a I Though h u h w we wg g galloped 11 h hh houses houses' l we c could uld not pot overtake them th turkeys turkey's although they run nearl nearly j two hundred and twenty yards before the they took flight flight The Tiie constant practice practice of our fo forefathers fathers In shooting game gamo am developed a great many fine turkey shots and audit vit is re recorded th that t In the he l. l latter half of the seventeenth century 1 a man was thought a bad abad bad shot if he hg h missed th the v very ry head of a n wild turk turkey y on top top of the hIgh highest st tree tree with with a a single ball ban To o pot hunting Pl and to to the practice of luring the turkeys by imitating the c call 11 of t den n I In th the spring Sylvester D. D Judd of pf the biological survey i of t th felte lJJ United L C States department agriculture largely attributes the ex eXi termination of of the wild h turkey In many many parts of the United States wh where re formerly it was especially abundant Trapping the turkeys In p pens pens ns also helped along the extermination the the turi turkey ei speaking not a particularly particularly hardy bird being s Subject bj cf to v various rl us f r x s of r I indigestion etc he is v varied ried in his diet and usually Las has n a g od appetite t Some of bf the things which th the wild turkey likes best est and find which the domesticated domesticate bird will will by no means scorn are fre g grass ass hoppe hopp s crickets locusts locust tadpoles small small lizards garden seeds and snails One Ope tu turkey key which was was examined examined by a a scientist was found to have partaken pf f a meal eal In including the the following viands viands k Op One harvest arve t spider er one centipede ede one thousand-legs thousand one y I fly two two to yen w c et one ole one gras grasshopper hopper three katydids wild cherries grap grapes grapes grapes' s berI berries AP ol dogwood dOg an arid anth th the sorghum m two chestnuts twenty five whole acorns j a few al alder er calkins and ve seeds of tick trefoil The domestic turkeys turkey's tur turkeys keys key's habit of hunting grasshoppers and worming tobacco shows that his delight elight in the primitive pleasures of of the th table tabie has h s no altered In his more carefully J y provided for existence existence r Th The chicks both of the wild lId and anil the domestic turkey are delicate ate and nd especially must musi protected during luring the damp weather Audubon says that that the ilie mother bird among among- the among tile the wild turkeys thoroughly understands the thet t delicacy y of her offspring and and that hat when It is wet she feeds the chicks buds I. I rome the spice bush bush bUh with medicinal n al Intent exactly as as the m mother ther of a br brood od of of youngsters pres prescribes loses of quinine when Influenza a has taken the family ii In Its clutches chit dies As soon S the young birds well enough to take their t place lacen nce the the roost with their thelt mothers he s th the most delicate period of childhood hood what wh what t night mIght be railed called the teething stage e is s thought to be over Brit Bilt according g Wn T s successful ces turkey farm farmer r the are three old old Before they can cnn bej anything They are are then taught faught that thae they sh should roost high so as hs to cp out out of of the way of night prowlerS Turkeys retain so much of their wild thet do not like roosting g Inside e a Indeed d they hey do not care even for artificial perches When Then pos pos- i gible Ible t they y greatly prefer trill hill trees as ns s a n roosting place to any ny roost that hat has been especially constructed for them Tills This characteristic lc renders them especially espe ens easy victims for night raiders In Yn addition to the ills h human desp desperadoes desperadoes' of this description there ar are lie Hie coyotes and hawks always to be guarded In n some parts of the country cOl x In addition to illnesses winch VY l come from d digestive s i disorders colds the terrible scourge of ot etc tc and the d depredations of the night raider the tie turkey farmer always r has also a o-h o the feuds ds among a ng the members of at his dock I rage rage high Nevertheless ss t the e careful turkey rancher ns found il f p possible to conserve conserve his birds and arid inake make a large j from thern Jl A A v omah an t turkey rancher a cher who has hris' has had had good experience In the r Business lost lostin id on one season only twelve birds out of a flock fiock of 1500 r f- f At first the young turkeys are are fed on bread brend and milk hard-boiled hard yolk of f egg and perhaps ps s some me chopped hopped alfalfa La Later er they are are fed cracked grain 0 but as ns soon tire able abe to take to the range It is is no longer necessary 1 to feed t them em The range supplies all |