Show C II i t l s II IrWI I t f LUIS t Tt I ILL t. t I L' L T 5 r. r LL Pi r r 7 x- x 4 i T i 4 i 1 r in 18 print 0 t li 7 AI I III rr I II 1 A 1 1 I c 4 i r I I I i I II fI n. n c v v r L' L S 'S I I a h S' S x i io YI YV t w 4 r 6 5 4 x o 1832 From anold print s bK I t r fJ I Mi 4 ht t i sit t 3 ii u. u I k in 1603 r ft sY c f hI IJ f I R Z rn r r Ar TA x o The Second Tort Dearborn A r I 1 R 5 W pSt 5 By ELMO SCOTT WATSON dE city of Chicago is planning to o celebrate celebrate celebrate cele cele- brate its one hundredth birthday and mid when it does it will Invite the whole world to join in the c le ra- ra tion Lion Recently ground was broken o othe on the site where in 1933 will b be heldt held heldA eld eldA t Exposition A Century of ot Progress and work on the erection of buildings buildings build bull lIngs l- l ings already dy has begun Although that event is two two years hence Chicago Chicago Chi CM- cago this year began begun to look back upon I its s century century cen cen- tury of existence For it was on August 4 4 1830 that the town was platted the streets and lots laid out and the first map made In 1830 the total area of Chicago was three- three eights eights' of a square mile It had a population of less Jess than persons In 1930 Chicago covers an expanse of 2105 square miles and It has a population population lation of more than people And that tells tens the story in brief of the most amazing growth of ot a city in ill all history Chicago ago i Is t the fourth lar largest largest larg larg- est city in th the world With Its years of history It bows S only to London with its 2000 years to New York with its years and to Berlin with its BOO years Although this child of a swamp swamp for for the greater great great- er part of ot its present area was yas once nothing but buta a coos ridden mosquito tract of ot sodden ground ground can can count back only years as an organized community community community com com- and only 97 years it was incorporated in 1833 hence the celebration In 1 1933 33 as a a municipality municipality In reality Its recorded history goes back nearly years Its name was first spoken by an Indian some time far tar back In the unrecorded years before the white man came to the Middle West A party of Indian fox tox hunters so runs the legend pursued a large sk skunk which made its home along the southern shore of ot Lake Michigan into the lake and killed It From that time on the southern part of Lake Michigan was known to the Sauk Fox and tribes as meaning skunk or meaning the place of the skunk That is the version erslon of th the orIgin origin ori orl- gin of the name Chicago as given In the publications publications of the American Bureau of ot Ethnology Another version is givon in fa the journal of a certain companion of La Sal Salle e until the death of th that t fated ill explorer in Texas In 1687 1657 Leading the survivors sun of La Salles Salle's Texan expedition expedition expedition tion back to to Canada arrived at the present site Bite of Chicago on OD March 29 1688 Bad weather compelled them to remain there re ten miserable days during which time they almost starved to death They had only a small amount of t corn cornmeal cornmeal cornmeal meal but they supplemented this with edible plants among them woods garlic or the wild onion And records the fact tact that the Indians Indians In In- called this place U meaning wild onion a slight v variation of the word Is said Bald to have been the Indian adjective e for tor strong powerful mighty or strong however was not the first white man to visit the site of the present Chicago for countrymen country country- men of his were were there nearly 20 years years years' earlier It is believed by some that La Salle visited the place In 1670 but the first authentically recorded visit by white men was that of Jollet JoUet and MarQuette Marquette Mar- Mar Quette queUe who passed that way on their return trip from the expedition down the U Mississippi In the autumn of 1673 Marquette returned there again in December l 1074 14 on his way to establish a mission among the Illinois Indians and because of illness was forced to spend the winter there The next French visitor to Chicago was Father Claude Allouez successor successor ot of arquette who reached there in the spring of ot 1677 on his way to establish the mission promised to the Illinois Indians La Salle was the next visitor In 1678 and no doubt o others hers passed that way for the Chicago portage the short connecting link between the two great waterways of or the continent the Great Lakes St alLes- alLes t. t Lawrence and the Mississippi made It the natural path of the ex explorers Just as us in later years It was to become t the e n natural tural path of or commerce commerce com com- merce coerce and settlement and to be one of or the main factors In building up the mighty city o of the pres pres- ent As previously stated J was there in 1688 and he was followed In 1089 1639 by La explorer extraordinary according to his own account account ac ac- count and maker of ot Inaccurate maps Chicago has been the butt of or many Jokes and one of the earliest ones was the product of ot Indian humor For For it was the red man who said that The first white settler of ot Chicago was a n negro ills His name was Jean Baptisto Baptiste Point du There is much dispute about this man One account account ac ac- ac- ac count represents him as a native nathe of San Domingo while another states that he wan watt a runaway slav from the vicinity of Lexington Ky It is known that he was at at- Chicago as ai early as 1779 1770 although ugh A. A A. A 1 1 y r t Wy I Jt o f. f J. J 3 i I W i Ei wY S 'S J JF f 4 l Tte lr Elm c J the base of or his trading operations was on the present site of ot Michigan l City Ind The year 1790 1700 found him established at Chicago near the mouth of or the river but how long he remained there is unknown Certainly he seems to be more entitled to the honor of ot being the he first settler non Indian than does John KInzIe the reputed father tather of ot Chicago That That title might mighty be applied to one of several men depending on on what your definition of father father fa ther might be For George Washington Father of ot His Country might also be called the father of Chicago In 1795 President Washington ordered ordered ordered or or- dered Gen Anthony Wayne who had Just concluded concluded concluded con con- his successful campaign against the Indians Indians Indians In In- of ot the Northwest and was vas preparing to make a treaty of peace with th them m. m to purchase from the Indians a piece of land six miles square at the mouth of ot the Chicago river emptying g into th the southwest end of Lake Michigan where a fort formerly stood And this was Included In the Treaty of ot Greenville which was vas signed on August 7 1795 Washington clearly saw that this site was the key to possession of ot the Old Northwest and no doubt decided that if it the United States government held it they could hold that vast empire against the British and the Indians That title also might be applied to Capt John Whistler who arrived there in 1803 with a n body of t. t troops to build u a fort for when he erected the first Fort Dearborn named in honor of Secretary tary of ot War Henry Dearborn It marked the real beginning beginning be be- ginning of ot the present metropolis Around that fort was to cluster the settlement which eventually eventually eventually even even- was to become a town of Inhabitants and a hundred years later a city of ot more than When Whistler and his men came to Chicago they found four tour huts or cabins there belonging to some French C Canadian traders One was occupied h by Le Mal Mai who had bought out Du one by Antoine whose na name e eIs Is preserved In the present Chicago suburb of WIlmette Wilmette WIl- WIl mette and a n third by Louis Fettle and his Indian wife wite The fourth belonged to John Kinzle Kinzie a a trader and silversmith who apparently had his headquarters elsewhere at nt that time probably at St. St Joseph Josep Mich Ditch Kinzie Kinzle did fd not come to Chicago to make it his home until early In 1804 1801 He then occupied the hut but In which Du and Le Mal Mai had in tn turn lived continued his his' trading business which prospered and made him the leading member mem mem- her ber of the civilian population around F Fort rt Dear Dear- born The story of ot the first Fort Dearborn Is so familiar r as to need no repetition repetition how how on-how how for tor nl nine e years ears a small hod body of American tr troops ops commanded fir first t by Captain Whistler and later by Capt Nathan Nathan Nathan Na Na- than Heald endured the privations of ot this lonely outpost on the frontier how the threat of ot an Indian uprising became more ominous as the certainty certainty of war with Great Britain Increased and hew that threat culminated In the tragedy of ot August 15 1812 popularly known as ns the Fort Dearborn massacre For Por on that day day Captain 1 Heald In ht obedience to orders ordel's from a n superior officer ot of- of officer which left him no alternative but to obey evacuated the post and marched south along the sand dunes there to be attacked by the fierce In an n or orgy y of bloodshed which will forever remain one of ot the tragic memories In the history of Chicago That night the Indians burned the fort and the next five live years marks a n hiatus In the story of Chicago On Ol July 4 1817 1817 another body of troops arrived and began the construction of another F Fort rt Dearborn Dearborn Dear Dear- born which was occupied for tor four years when the government gO ordered Its Its' evacuation In 1827 occurred occurred oc oc- oc- oc the WInnebago war which for tor a time furnished plenty of ot excitement for Chicago and led eventually t to the reoccupation of ot the fort But this war was a short lived one and in the tile spring of ot 1831 the fort was again abandoned Less than a 0 year later however it was again gar gar- 1 t Sa Sauganash ganash Hotel T Tablet blet U U an and the outbreak of the war warsaw warsaw warsaw saw Fort Dearborn and and the re recently platted village vil vII village lage Jage of Chicago crowded with stricken panic set set- The next few months were filled with suffering suffering suf sut- fering both from fear of the red man and troman from froman an epidemic of cholera But the plague and the war ended almost simultaneously and with the Inrush inrush In iu rush of white settlers which followed the smashing smashing smashIng smash- smash Ing of Blackhawk's power Blackhawk's power the rise of the future gre great t city began Fort Dearborn had not only been an Important military post but it was also the center of the tb governments government's relations with the Indians The outcome out out- com come of ot the Blackhawk war was the handwriting on the wall won for the red man and as the tide of Immigration into the rich Illinois country set in it became evident that the Indian must move on Visitors to the exposition in 1933 will be abl able t tsee to see a landmark which symbolizes the passing of ot the red man and the final conquest of the Old Northwest by the whites It is a giant elm curiously curl curi bent by the Indians Indians' while still a sapling which stands in a part of Chicago known as Sauganash because it tt includes the reservation of 1600 1000 acres grunted granted Chief Sauganash Billy Caldwell Caldwell Caldwell Cald- Cald well leader of ot the and one of the heroes of the Fort Dearborn massacre Under this elm here were ere held the negotiations for the treaty made in 1835 after Chief S Sauganash ug ash had pe persuaded per per- I his tribesmen to accept the governments government's terms and leave their ancestral home forever Another such landmark is In the heart of ot the famous Chicago Loop It is a bronze tablet marking markIng marking mark- mark Ing the site sHe of the Sauganash hotel established by Mark Beaubien In 1 1829 1529 29 as Chicago's first hos hos- Here on August G li 1833 a public meeting was held to decide upon the Incorporation of Chicago Chi Chi- cago as a town A total of 12 votes votee was cast t for fer rl Incorporation and on one against It Five days 1 later er the first town election was held In the Sauganash Six I men men who afterwards were voters l arrived ed Just before the election was held and In oil nIl 28 votes oteS we were e cast electing four trustees and a president of ot the to town ton n board It is this event which fur fur- the motif for tor the celebration two year year- he hen hence ce Dut n. n ii la hi i. i n v l a. a i- i L J luc u 5 u ginning ul or the events the e ev ears which are oreto areto to be celebrated d. d For as the title of ot The the exposition Indicates It will be held in honor of or the he progress of ot from Chicago-from town a 0 with a It p population u t tIon on of ot less than In 1833 to than a city ot of mor more 4 In 1837 and ond of f more than 30 by by the time of the Civil Ci war Then came Chicago's disaster the fire of ot 1871 to wipe o out t grea great nearly all ali a that 5 had so f far r been b en accomplished But Instead ot of m killing the city th the conflagration on seemed to the only ashes spur the YO young giant en Chicago ro rose e from to build and grow on an even cven scale and nd GO 60 greater years after Its organization municipality found It ns as a playing h host st to the World In ht one of the greatest celebrations ever the held Worlds World's Columbian exposition ot of 1893 It was about this time th that t one of Chicago's leading citizens Daniel H. H Burnham n. n father ot of the city Improvement i plan is now nosy making Chicago Chi CM- cago not only one of the greatest but most beautiful one or of the cIties ot of the world words Make ul uttered these no little plans they have to stir sUr no magIc mens men's blood and probably not be realized l Ial Mahe e l big ig plans pians themselves wilt Remember ber i that our fur sons and grandsons are goIng to do things that would stagger us Let word be your our watchword watchword watch watch- order Older and your our beacon n beauty it Is to sl show ow how wen well this Arid has heeded child of n a swamp those words that the world Chicago Is to come to the i party in 1933 1033 IS D by W No I |