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Show An DESERET NEWS SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH Tour 80-Da- y ars & , We Stand For The Constitution Of The United States By BERATE BOOKBINDER Newsday Staff Writer As Having Been Divinely Inspired 12 A EDITORIAL PAGE SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1969 Hoy Not To Manage An Efficient Business Early next week Americana should find out whether or not one of this countrys most flagrant examples of how not to run a business stands much chance of getting streamlined. Exceeded only by General Motors in the amount of money it takes in each year and by American Telephone & Telegraph Co. in the number of its employes, this operation leaps more than $1 billion a year and has been in the red 114 of the past 131 years. Most of its equipment is from 30 to 100 years old, the head of the firm doesnt have to know anything about its operations to get the job, it lacks' the power to set rates for its services, branch managers cant be transferred, and employes go over managements head to bargain with another party on wages and benefits. Yet, because of resistance from the unions with which it deals, there seems to be little chance that this endeavor will be basis. put on a moe business-lik- e We are talking about the U S. Post Office Department, of course, and about the Nixon administrations plans for turning it into a government corporation operated according to sound business principles. On Tuesday the House Post Office Committee is scheduled to give the postal corporation plan its first vote test. But the proposal3 backers fear it also may be the last test because eight unions representing some 700,000 of the nations 750,000 postal employes oppose the change. The unions insist they wont accept the plan without the a condition they know neither Congress nor right to strike the administration will agree to. Although compulsory arbitration would be provided as a last resort, the unions say the postal corporation would try to break even by holding down wages and that without the right to strike employes would be at managements mercy. If this impasse isnt broken, Americans can forget about more efficient mail service and anticipate more of what already ails the Post Office Department namely, higher and higher rates together with worsening service. In 1947, the highly respected Hoover Commission concluded: It can be said, with no reflection on postal officials, that circumstances beyond their control have created a philosophy of management which is sluggish, irresolute, and wasteful Former Postmasters General John A. Gronouski and Lawrence OBrien have concurred that postal operations are plagued by lack of incentive for streamlined operation, lack of continuity in management, lack of ability to direct needed resources into rebuilding decaying and outmoded facilities, and lack of attention to research, the seedbed of future progress. The Keppel Commission, on whose findings and recommendations the postal corporation legislation is based, estimated that costs could be reduced as much as 20 per cent if modern practices of management were introduced. The public interest demands that the postal service be put on a more business-lik- e basis. To that end, members of the House Post Office Committee should put the best interests of all Americans ahead of the demands of the special interests. non-prof- it . ... i i No Rush To Mars What should be Americas next goals in outer space, and how much time should be set aside for reaching them? That i3 the question as the nation along with the White House weigh the alternatives recommended this week by a special task force that the U.S. strive to reach Mars either by 1982 or 1986 or that we put off any decision until after 1990. Theres no question that space exploration should go forward. It would be wasteful to abandon a program that involved spending $1 billion on ground facilities alone to put Americans on the moon. The g space station which the National Aeronautics and Space Administration envisions as part of getting to Mars could serve as an observation platform for weathermen, astronomers, and for military reconnaissance. Moreover, its mans nature to extend his reach and understanding as far as possible. But theres no real urgency about getting to Mars. Having beaten Russia to the moon, the U.S. need not worry aboit losing prestige should the Soviets happen to get to Mars first. Since we could orbit an observation platform without going to Mars, it seems doubtful that U.S. national security would suffer if we dont get to Mars right away or at all. That being the case, deadlines on reaching Mars seem artificial and competition pointless. So why shouldnt future effort to eliminate space exploration become a wasteful duplication and ease the expense by sharing it? earth-erbitin- multi-natio- n Listen To Youth Few challenges are more stimulating and demanding than that of working with and for young Americans. Their idealism is infectious. So is their willingness to entertain new ideas and their fresh outlook on life. But, while no generation of Americans is better educated than todays young people, no era seems more complicated or difficult to grw up in than the current age of strife and uncertainty. And just as youth adapts more easily to change, so is it more impressionable when unhealthy influences come along. It is to an exacting responsibility that W. Jay Eldredge comes, then, with his assignment this week as general superintendent of the Young Mens Mutual Improvement Association together with George R. Hill and George I. Cannon as his assistants. While the Deseret News congratulates them on their new duties, appreciation also is in order for former superintendent G. Carlos Smith and his assistants, Marvin J. Ashton and Elder Hill, for the accomplishments of the YMMIA under their leadership. More than half the U.S. population is under 30 and the percentage is increasing. Young Americans in their early 20s have grown up without knowing what its like to live without advanced technology, including electronic communications that bring events from all over the world into their living rooms. No wonder, then, that youth is seeking a greater voice in society. While young people should not always have their way, certainty they should be heard and their views taken into serious consideration. Editor's Note A four-me- n space task troop headed bv Vtca President Spiro Atnew hat recommended Mart landing mission by about 198 How this might be accomplished is explained m detail in a plan suggested by noted space expert Wernher von Braun.) Although its first moon visitors are oare-l- y out of quarantine, the space agency already ha; put together a detailed timetable for what was once an even more outlandish dream than a lunar voyage: an expedition to Mars. While officials of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration insist that a landing is only a conmanned Ma Wern-he- r cept, not a plan, it was learned that von 3raun, the rocket expert and director of the Marshall Space Flight Center in Ala., testified secretly last Huntsville, month about details of a flight plan before the Senate Space Cominiiiee. In his testimony, which is expected to be made public shortly, von Braun reportedly gave intricate details of a explorathat would include an three-ma- n tion of the Martian surface by two 12 within ns astronaut teams perh round-tri- p y years. As contemplated by NASA, the voyage spacewould involve two nuclear-powere-d craft, each capable of sustaining crews for two years. Use of the two ships would provide a rescue capability e voyage that during the multimillion-milwould be Americas first manned, interplanetary mission. the Whether plans or concepts, been mission has Martian of the scheduling Von developed with amazing precision. Braun is reported to have told the committee that the two spaceships could leave earth orbit, where they will have been assembled from components, Nov. 12, 1381, and reach Mars nine months later, Aug. 9, Wernher von Braun has proposed an y exploration trip of Mars the return voyage. Diagram shows various phases of the 80-da- in th benefits would be enhanced by sending two unmanned probes to the surface of Venus from each spaceship, as well as by observing tl.e surface of the planet cloud-shroude- d with radar. Because of the potential danger of contaminating the earth with Martian germs, the returning spaceship would go into orbit around the earth and rendezvous with a The crew space base or receiving station. would be able to transfer to the station, where they would go into quarantine and receive medical examinations until they are cleared to return to earth on a space shuttle. The space shuttle, yet to be developed, Is one of the keys to the Martian mission. Powered by nuclear engines that are now being tested and are expected to become operational by 1977, the shuttles would transport the astronauts into earth orbit, d would boost the spacecraft toward its destination and would then return to earth orbit and continued service. 1982. Following a technique similar to the one used on the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission, the mother ship would go into orbit around Mars while three astronauts descended to the surface in a Mars Excursion Module. The surface exploration, carried out with the aid of a wheeled roving vehicle, would take about six weeks, from until late October. At some point astronaut-exploreduring this period, the three would be relieved by a counterteam from the second part three-ma- n would be persubstitution The spacecraft formed using a second module. As a saiety precaution, as well as for scientific purposes, the astronauts might find it desirable to examine the Martian surface before actually setting foot on it, despite plans for the landing of unmanned satellites on Mars in 1973 with Project Viking, which has already been funded. And space officials, concerned that the earlier tests may not have revealed possibla disease-causin- g organisms, believe that it might be important to obtain surface samples that could be studied thoroughly before crew members are exposed to any hostile elements. To accomplish this, they would send sterile, unmanned probes to Mars from the orbiting spacecraft, land the probe on the surface, direct it to gather samples and bring them back to the mother ship for analysis in the ships sterile biological laboratory. Each spacecraft would carry six probes for this purpose. To accommodate its three-ma- n crew, at least one of whom would funcon as an interpretive scientist, and carry out its research assignments, the module would be equipped with a laboratory and living quarters adequate for a 30 to stay. Like the famous lunar module used in the Apollo 11 landing, the Mars module would consist of both ascent and descent stages. The control center, ascent engine and propellant tanks would be housed in the ascent stage; the living quarters, laboratory, descent engine and propellant tanks, landing gear and outer heat shield would be housed in the descent stage. mid-Augu- st rs Mars-boun- As described to the Senate Space Committee, headed by Sen. Clinton P. Anderson two-ma- Martian the expedition would spacecraft, each atnuclear-powere-d shuttles. The two complete vehicles would be assembled in earth orbit The two outer nuclear shuttles in each vehicle would speed tiie vehicle free of the earths gravity and then separate from the vehicle and return to earth orbit The remaining shuttle would be used to brake the spacecraft to put it into orbit around Mars, to blast free of Mars' gravity for the return trip to earth and to brake the spacecraft into orbit around the earth at the conclusion of the journey. h voyages to and During the from Mars, the six crew members in each spacecraft would move about on four decks housing their living quarters, experimental laboratories and recreational facilities. The spaceship would also contain a sterilized biological laboratory for the analysis of Martian samples. The Mars module and the eight probes (six Mars probes and two Venus probes) complete the vehicles contents. consist eff two tached to three six-ma- n nine-mont- Compartmentalized space ship would provide living, working crew during long journey.quarters for six-m- an 50-d- Unlike the lunar module, which had no atmosphere to contend with in the nearvacuum environment of the moon and thus required no streamlining, the Mars module would have to cope with the friction of the thin Martian atmosphere. As a consequence, it would be conical: flat at one end to absorb' heat during the descent and aerodynamically shaped at the other to help it pierce the atmosphere on its return from the surface. The Mar module would also be much n lunar larger than the spidery, module. Its diameter at the base would be 1982, with a swing by Venus on interplanetary round trip. feet, more than twice that of the lunar module, and its weight when leaving the mother ship, 95,000 pounds, would be about triple. As with the lunar module, the Mars modules descent stage would serve as its launch pad on the surface and would be left 30 behind. The primary justification for the Martian venture would presumably be scientific, leaning heavily on the assumption that the origin and development Qf the Red Planet and the earth were closely parallel and that evidence of life present or past might be found. have pointed out that the single . Officials most consuming scientific question of the space program is whether life exists elsewhere in the solar system. Data obtained from unmanned explorations indicate that some lower forms of life can survive in the ed areas, higher forms could exist. With men present on Mars, NASA maintains, life indigenous to that planet as well as transplanted earth forms could be studied. As with Apollo 11 and future lunar missions, the astronaut scientists would also observe geological and geophysical features on Mars and make extensive collections of samples of rocks, soil and atmosphere. An unusual bonus to be derived from a visit to Mars during the 1981-8period, NASA says, is the chance for a close encounter with the planet Venus. This would occur Feo. 28, 1983, about four months after the departure from Mars, and would present opportunities both to reduce the speed of the earthbound spaceship and observe and analyze the Venusian environment The speed reduction would be caused by the gravitational pull of Venus and would facilitate the return to earth. The scientific 3 Space Agency officials have consistently ducked the question of costs, but estimates have placed the price for a roundtrip to Mars between $24'billion and $40 billion. NASA, as might be expected is pressing for an early commitment from the Nixon Administration, hopefully in the 1971 budget. So far, their most encouraging signal has come from Vice President Agnew, vvho called for the designation of a Martian Presilanding as a national goal, similar to an to land 1961 dent Kennedys pledge American on the moon and return him by the end of the decade. Congress has not shown any great enthusiasm for such a venture. (Cl 19W, Newsday, I Football: The Essence Of Stylized Warfare In the thud of bodies and the grandstand loar, the greatest athletic game ever invented American football begins its second century. It is not the world's most popular field game. Soccer is, for from Jamaica to Singapore all soccer requires is a couple of goal posts and one round balL It is not the g fastest-growin- Basketball is game. sweeping the world. For basketball, invented 78 years ago at the Spring-fielMass., YMCA, is an indoor, sport that requires small squads. That first American intercollegiate football game between Rutgers and Princeton on Nov. 6, 1869, was still pretty much soccer. But when Harvard got interested in 1873, it wanted to grab the ball and run with it in the Rugby manner. It found no takers. Finally, in 1874, Harvard scheduled a game in Cambridge with McGill of Montreal under a Canadian version of Rugby rules to which each side was to bring 15 players. Only 11 McGill players showed up and spies from Yale were impressed that that was the right number. But it was 1879 before the Eastern teams agreed on team and reduced the field the length from 140 yards to 110. The scoring was all wrong. A kicked goal was worth four touchdowns, although touchdowns were harder. Not until 1912 touchdown arrive and the did the field shrink to 100 yards. At first the offense had It all. It could hog the ball for an entire half, whether or not it got anywhere with it. In 1882 Walter Camp of Yale solved this by a rule that look the ball away from any team that didnt advance it five yards or lose 10 in three plays. Defense, en, was king, for no offensive , only But American football is the finest combination of strength and skill for the same reason that chess is the greatest table game. Both have achieved that essence of gamemanship, the stylized warfare in which defense and offense are most perfectly balanced by the rules. This balance was a long time coming. It was achieved by years of experimentation and dispute. Eut that is its fascination. Evety tune defense or offense began to dominate, a rule change was invented to redress the balance. And the rules are still changing. r 9 and 14, 1899, the Sewanee team traveled around in a day coach and beat Texas, Texas A&M, Tulane, LSU and Mississippi. JENKIN LLOYD JONES n six-poi- 1 player could take part in a play if he were ahead of the ball. Defensive tacklers had a field day and scoring nearly stopped while fans howled. Then in 1884, Princeton and Lehigh disthat the kickoff covered simultaneously Fule didnt say how far the ball had to be kicked. So, after the kicker merely touched the ball with his foot, all the linemen converged in a running V and the bonecrushing flying wedge was bom. Offense was king again, but after 12 years of scattered tibias and fibulas, the wedge was outlawed in a national uproar. So, defense ruled once more and offense settled down to three yards and a cloud The game was getting boring. of dust. In 1912, however, shackles were taken off the forward pass. Only Notre Dame grasped its possibilities. Cn the electric afternoon of Nov. 1, 1913, Gus Dorais completed 13 of 17 passes, most of them to Knute Rockne, and mighty Army fell The modem game a magnificent balance of lunge and parry was bom. There were giants in the past Walter Camp was on the rules committee for nearly a half century. Alonzo Stagg, the games inventive genius, coached for 70 years and died at 102. In the five days beta n Nov. 35-1- I There was that first 12 minutes of the game of 1924, when Red Grange made touchdown runs of 95, 67, Four 56 and 44 yards. And Notre Dames and Bud Wilkinsons Horsemen winning streak. And Georgia Tech 222, Cumberland 0. Hlinois-Michiga- n e Gradually the pros arose, starting back in 1895 when one John Brallfer accepted $10 to quarterback a scratch team in Pa. For a long time pros were of regarded as not very nice imitators and represented they dean college men, towns like Canton, Massillon, Muncie and, of course, Green Bay. Today, pro football is to collpge bail about what college ball is to high school ball. And a nation hangs on the instant replay. But. even with pro competition, college football attendance goes up nearly a million a year. e. Only America plays American football Even the Canadians have gone for 12 men, three downs and the rouge. But where else is there a game like this, so bewildering to the uninitiated, so satisfying to the aficionado? Where, in a balance of deception, option, grinding stalemate and breakaway victory, has mans most ancient sport war been so perfectly imitated? Happy 100th birthday! ! |