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Show V' V W V v 10A Mbwb Besemtdnsfl $Xjh WE MUST 10, 1903 i!Salt lolta Oty, Utah, Saturday, Avfla Frank Criticism JFe stdtid for the Constitution of the United Stales THE TESTBAN treaty now? or- -' "whom presumably will be pherietests in the future. mally before the Senate, accompanied WITH Ken- by a special message from President over this jjedy, the rising Rational debate urboth 'aSsumes historic step possibly . status. , fonnal and gency As the debate goes on, it is important to keep in perspective jdst what thetreaty attempts to do and what it will not do. And it is important to examine the im- plications behind the treaty Itself. In his message to the Senate, Presi- dent Kennedy did a good Job of laying to rest certain fears and of spelling out factyally and dispassionately what can be hoped from the treaty. . His recital that showed none of the critics have charged the administration " feels toward this agreement. for itself, he emThe treaty conditional is upon no other phasized, It It is not or agreement. Understanding part of a package witha non:aggression over-optimis- m gps pact that could be deeply offensive to citizens of captive nations. THE TREATY does not halt production or reduce stockpiles of nuclear weapons. It does not outlaw use of them. It does not stop- progress - in nuclear - development through underground testing.-- It does not necessarily keep other powers from de-veloping nuclear weapons. AIL the treaty does is prohibit nuclear testing in the atmosphere, in outer spacev -- " and underwater. And it binds, of course only these nations that sign it. That will not include, apparently, Red China or France, both of ' By GEORGE V. ALLEN - t trrmble-shoatm- iktn g atmos--- (As a cor ter foreign Service offwee for 27 Jiars, George V enable Alien bed s reputation at one of lb - countrys front diplomat when be became bted of ihf United Stales Information Agency in 917. V? bad- - previously f!948-'SO- f ran the Voice of America when serving as Aiststent Secretary of State foe Public Affairs. In 1 960 be retired from govern- ment sennet to enter private busmen. New be outlines bn ideal makings USIA more effective). well-earne-d Challenge Behind The Test Ban - What, then, recommends the treaty to the Senate and to Americans? First, as long is it is observed, it .will greatly" reduce the "contamination cf the atrnosphere with potentially dangerous radioactivity. - "Seeond it is n beginning from which further progress toward reducing world tensions and dangers might be made. Third, it is not in and of itself a threat to our security. Any violation would be detectable by existing means. The state of our existing nuclear stockpiles and the means to deliver them makes it clear that" no test that might be made in viola- " 0L Voice Of America Herald Tribune News Service . - as having been divinely inspired. BE BELIEVED' i YEARS after the of the United States Information Agency, and 20 years --after the creation of its chief pro-- ' genitor, the Office of War Informa--tion- , the US. governments effort to tell foreign peoples about our aims . and our aspirations i today and always has been. In my view, basically unsound. Credibility Is the first requisite' of any effective information pro- gram. As long as our programs are considered. or appear, to be prop- tion of thetreaty could materially change our ability to deter or surviveanuelear- - gapda, they Most of the news and commeattack and to counter it with an attack of our own. . ntary we send abroad, notably in the radio programs known collectively BUT THESE observations do not get at as,the Voice of America, are the real heart of the opposition that has dally prepared for listeners In the individual country toward which developed in the U.S. to the treaty. That, each program is beamed VGA main-plain- s opposition has to do more with psychologic 36- - special cal factors that are no less important be"language dess" (actually divisions, staffed by eight cause they are not concrete. 20 to people each) which, prepare Specifically, the fear is that the treaty and voice these daily programs, in of a euphoric period might begin as many different languages.- - Each in which the, West would lower is tailor-madfor a particular ks its defenses, relax its determined .unity, tenlng audience. st On first thought, this seems and become easy prey ta Communist quite natural:. People in Bulgaria orCuba or'Subversie: are primarily interested in hearing This could happen. It need not, how-eve- r, In about Bulgaria or Cuba, or in events and will -- not if -- the following parawhich "directly affect their own Plrbpaganda-Rememb- er graph from the Presidents messagels country. reand American heeded by the people Moreover, most people Rriow only news broadcast by the BBC in Eng-- - practically forbidden, m fact, to membered and acted upon by the admintheir own language. broadcast at all in English, Rep. lish. Ije accepted what he heard as These : are powerful arguments reliable news for the istration reason Rooney was particularly insistent very for special area programs .and-fo- r. That ft was' nnT selected or intended that w address nothing whatever to This treaty if not a" substitute for, in foreign languages. broadcasting the American public. and does not diminish the need for, specially for him. However, I am convinced after Western and American military twoTours of of close concern with the ques- Throughout my duty THE FAULt here lies ln tJinklng of 111 strength to meet all contingencies. It will of 0UIr oversea inform . tien, that our broadcastsih chare -USIA aS a propaganda agency. If foreign "all the not prevent us from building tion programs, I w9s envious of the languages and our programs spefunetions ol USia were properly- strength that we need; and It is not a BBC because of the high credibility cially prepared for a particular forand executed, members of conceived our for unilaterally cutting justification eign audience are largely a waste of which its world-wid- e programs enCongress would nq more think, of defensive strength at this time. Our . ... time and effort, ,, , joyed. calling on that agency to throw the choice ts pot between a limited treaty arid DURING AND FOLLOWING the THE BBC AND THE Voice of Amer-ic- a book at Castro than it would of effective strategic strength we need and Cuban crisis of last October, a -- can have both. were originally established for ing on the Associated Press or the Rockefeller Foundation to do so. As hue and cry spread throughout quite different purposes. The British great This is our challenge to provide for "the U.S. as USlA carries on campaigns that long demanding overseas system was created during something ourselves and the world the limited benebe done about Castro. The able diagainst Castro, or De Gaulle, or any-on- e to broadcast! the British the 30s, rector of USIA, Ed Murrow, and his Empire and fits of an end to atmospheric, space, or .else,, in programs., obviously in- - -"who under- tended energetic and imaginative broadfor the people of one coununderwater nuclear tests without at the stood English around the world. we are largely wasting the milcasting chief, Henry Loomis, and all try, same time weakening our determination The news transmitted was unvarsections of USIA, promptly underlions we spend on the Voice of Ameror our ability to preserve freedom against nished. Its transmitters and relay took emergency measures. A moica. all enemies. bile transmitter was Installed in stations were located so as to cover An Israeli friend of mine com" . record time at Key West Regular the globe.- TO ARGUE that we cannot do it, that ' on the VOA programs hr menting The U.S. - VO A broadcasts- - were rescheduled begair broadcastitw Tn the American people a're not that into "provide time for additional pro- - war tune, chiefly to Germany, Italy heard in Israel, said He always wontelligent or that determined, is, we feel, to grams beamed towards Cuba. Press and Japan, in the languages of those dered what we were telling the Arabs. sell short the kind of people developed statements from USIA regularly recountries, and in ' an emotion-chargeunder k free society. atmosphere,, It was openly - and It cannot be repeated too often ported the number of extra-hou- rs, and extra transmitters, being used in avowedly a propaganda effort. that credibility should be the most After the war Lm any members of Important object of any governmentthe campaign. Cobimercall stations patriotically donated time to relay Congress and much of the press al Information service. If our pro- these VOASpanlxh-languag- e and- all its works-- : pro- thought he-OWI grams are not beileved.weare bet- should be discontinued. Chiefly begrams. ter off to close shop and let our Government Organization Manual, the DeTechnically and physically,' these cause of the realization that we had transmitters rust. adwith is of Labor charged measures were highly proficient partment another war ori our hands a cold When I returned to direct the indestatutes and was Cuba blanketed with our sigenforcing ministering war with a new enemy. Congress formation program in 1957, the pubnals. President Kennedy called the signed to advance th,e public interest by agreed, in 1947, to the Smith-Munlic and congressional "concept of of these earnstations to the operators of the welfare wage Act, establishing oversea? informapromoting the UAIA was much the same as it alWhite House a few months ago, ers of the United States, Improving their tion and cultural exchange as perma. had been. There was a very ways with Messrs. Murrow and along nent parts of the conduct of our forworking conditions, and advancing their small English-languagprogram, but Loomis, to give them eign relations. opportunities for profitable employment. little time or significance was given citations. It was set up, wisely at that time to it. We decided to Increase its imNotice that the key words regarding I say because their I believe, in the Department of State. motives were the best, and the sacportance substantially, not primarily the departments statutory functions are Perhaps not so wisely, and certainly to reach the million or so Americans rifices in effort and program time administering and enforcing.!' It says not by any choice of my own, I was who now live abroad, but chiefly to by the commercial broadcasters were nothing about taking sides officially in a considerable. named assistant secretary of state in increase our Within their of terms credibility among fortwo-sidthe pub..affecting controversy charge of operations under the new reference, they performed magnifiaudiences. eign lic interest. Tt says nothing about making law. These operations were in fact cently. I am not convinced, howExperience soon showed that the of the department the official mouthpiece very much the same as those previ-ousl- y all that , of ever, this. effort .aQcorn.-was easier to make than to decision ; . . .dlrected by William Benton, the union movement. ' " plished anything whatsoever of a carry out Our plans-t- o increase the and before in various constructive him, nature. parts, by Rather, this department is supposed English language programs promptArchibald MacLeish, Nelson RockeIn fact, I think it actually did not to serve all of American labor ly became known outside the agency. more harm than good. It furnished feller, Col. William S, Donovan, Eld Four of our marginal foreign lanof it that belongs to mer Davis and others. merely the Castro with precisely the platform guage programs had to be disconunions. he wanted. It enabled him to pose, My first contact with Congress tinued. on this matter was with the House with taras evidence, the convincing k TWENTY STATES have enacted the for Subcommittee headget largest concentration of Appropriations TWO OF THE PROGRAMS dropped laws, and campaigns in their beed by Rep. John Taber propaganda effort unleashed against Iranian and Thai. Protests states. Its an individual since Stalin tried to The ranking minority member was werewere half are under way in other registered by the promptly time the Labor Department realized that purge Tito by radio m 1948. The Rep. John Rooney who is ernments of Iran and Thailand. In both cases was result to strengthen when it lashes out At such laws it also is The members of Con-- " . our reports showed that we rather than who passed the Smith-Mund- t grass lashing out at a very substantial segment . ouster was weaken the man whose had had a few listeners in either being sought. Adt'and who voted" our appropria-tion- s country, their governments conof the public that Is paying Its bills and But what can we do- - the reader made it abundantly clear that strued our action as that it is supposed to be serving. that may ask. the Voice of America or other infor-- - we did not consider implying their nations MY ANSWER IS that we should nation activity was to be directed very important solely-towa- rd broadcast primarily in our own foreigners. We were By far the most important objec- language, English, ln ' world-wid- e programs not specially tailored for In the Mountain West and his counsel this country or that. Programs to THE VOICE OF AMERICA: busiwas sought frequently by private every area of the world obviously Such cannot interests. be church civic and and ness, exactly alike, but when' we design a program solely for one services were given gratis.. As chairman 38-Languagcountry the USSR for example of the board of directors of Prudential In and it voice Russian, listeners in Federal Savings & Loan Co., he gave the that country promptly discount it as around Munich, are" recorded at. overseas El ROADCASTING final word in the transfer of millions of , globe. 7 days ajweek, propaganda, repeated over short, ' :rJ dollars. . Even though relatively few peo-pl- e a day, the Voice of America speaks and long wave. Many of medium. corin Russia understand English, Numerous small firms and large In 38 languages, presenting more the programs .are repeated several those who do give more credence Jhait 75 programs dally from, its times a day, on various wave porations benefited by Mr. Mulcock's to the news and comment they hear studios In Washington, as well as lengths at peak listening period?. business acumen. Among many other on our- - world wide programs than other programs from Munich,. Ger-- , ' distinctions, he was one of the incorporaLetters from behind tbe Curtains they- do to the same new and com- many. Voice broadKSL. now of Radio tors KFPT, and reports from escapees and defecment if they think we have specially casts consist priv tors attest that Voice programs do get was chairselected In civic affairs for them. Moreover, in marily of factual through despue Red jamming. all countries under dictatorship, the man of a special board of adjustment set news and commenis most the grapevine effective OTHER VOICE LANGUAGE proup by the Salt Lake County Commission tary. They are demeans of news dissemination. If as a contingrams, totaling 8 hours a day, for planning the over-a- ll county drainage signed " one person in a town or village Salt-Lak- e are beamed to Free World counof the reliable was uing, and foreman system ' knows English, he is likely to be held source of truth to tries. In addition, English-speakinin special regard and his words carry County Grand Jury in 1959, among other " peoples overseas. Lforeigners' are served through six commuhityappointments. particular weight world wide English More than daily half-houWhile 1 was in Greece-durin- g A generous man, he gave away most of programs. the program dally 1956 and 1957, the Greek people wefe Voice facilities include 14 modof his ample means, particularly to his schedule of the Voice Is directed highly incensed over the Cyprus ern broadcasting studios in Washover the Iron and Bamboo Curtains family and a few close associate?. He was question. Their animosity against ington, a radio center in Munich, to the USSR, the satellite countries friendly and sympathetic, especially with Britain was bitter. ' The BBC Great Germany, and Station RIAS in of Eastern Europe, and Red China. those who had 'need, of his advice and transmitted two half hour programs Berlin. Million-wat- t West transmitof 15 More hours than programs tutelege. to Greece daily, in the Greek lanare located at Munich, the Philters Soviet the to hre directed daily guage. It was obviously intended Union and the Communist areas ippines and Okinawa. SIDNEY MULCOCK .left behind, many for Greece. Not one Greek of solely of Eastern Europe. The Agencys floating transmitter, monuments to his faith and foresight,' my acquaintance listened to these' installed On the - Coast Cuard Cut-te- r FIVE HOURS DAILY, programs "A lot of propaganda, but more important, the memory of an en. broadcasts. Conner now anchored tn the are transmuted to peoples be- . Meduerrunean--relayg they said. "The British are sending . man and fine t programs to tbe terprising, hind the Bamboo Curtain in three us .gnly ilie news they want us to Soviet Unmn and tbe Near East. " .News Deseret The ristian gentleman. Chinese dialects, and in Korean ahd hear!! To overcome Commu-- . . PUBLIC TOURS Of the Voice of tends to his outstanding family Its ap But the Greek Foreign Minister, f Vietnamese. America studios are conducted these programs,' nist contributions to Jamming, told me for his he that many Evangelos- Averoff, predation and Mondays transmitted through Fridays. sin-our abundant community life and its "' never left home In the morning untiT 8 worldwide oclock heard ln condolences he .the cere bis passing. TEN com-placen- cy e con-tjue- Our Broadcasts Foreign Languages Deemed Waste Of Time ; Lord Haw-Haw- ? Quickly Tabbed As L 12-ye- - ars -- le -- d If This An Historic Turning Point? Labor Dept. Is Com-- , THE NATIONAL Right-to-Wor- k mittee is up in arms these days over what the tLS. Department of Labor is laws. It doing in regard to right-to-wor- k has every right to be. Since the first of the year, top officials' of the department from Secretary Willard Wirtz to Utahs own Assistant Secretary Esther Peterson have been speakk laws on ing out against various public occasions. What particularly arouses the Right-to-WoCommittee, though, is a recent letter from John W. Leslie, director of the Labor Departments. Office of Information, Publications, and Reports; As the official voice of thedepart- ment; Mr. Leslie presumably speaks with considerable authority when he says It is the policy of this department k laws are unwise . . . that i laws. Now its one thing to hold this view however right- - or wrong it may be as a personal opinion. Its quite another thing, however, to elevate it to the status of official departmental pblicy. Thats where tbe line needs to be drawn. By law, according to the official U.S. right-to-wor- rk right-to-wor- Out Of Line -- e d d ' one-thir- right-to-wor- JR-N.Y.- ). Sidney L Mulcock -- 75 Broadcasts In' es - In Other Words ... k If, we wonder why the Chinese masses are so cool toward the American way, comconsider Peari Bucks ment of 30 years ago: We send arics to China so the, Chinese can get to" heaven, but we wont let them into our country. little-heede- d until we frankly accept the fact e walker in order that we watch a to see him fall can we achieve the self-- , honesty that wilTpermit us to acknowledge and finally master our hostile emohigh-wir- tions. r T'i I . When we are younger, we think marriages are divided into two kind? bad and good; as we grow older, we learn that fnarriages are indeed divided into two kinds bad and difficult; for even the good marriages are difficult, as young people are never told until' too - i ( late. g ''"' r, three-quarter- s -- hard-workin- - ' from-Washing- ton he - ' . ' r. - THIS PROBLEM IS even more acute staffs among the foreign-languagof Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty, which were established in part to give jobs to political refugees, many of whom still hope- to return to their countries of origin someday. We may sympathize with their desire, but 1 do not believe we help their cause or ours by putting them on the air. During the last war, a good many people listened to Lord Haw Haw, a renegade Britisher who broadcast from Berlin. Listeners were curious to hear his Oxford accent, but I never knew anyone who thought his . broadcasts- lessened the British war effort in the least. On the contrary, most Britishers who heard him denounced him as a "dirty traitor. I suspect that most people in eastern Europe today, including those who are strongly resent being lectured to by refugee's sitting comfortably in America. To the limited extent to which we must broadcast in foreign languages, we should use Americans who have learned foreign languages "hr school. Their very American accents are a plus value. When we Americans hear an announcer m Moscow speaking English, we are less inclined to be resentful If he has a Russian accent than if he sounds as if he were born and bred In the e ed -- UTAH AND THE GREATER Salt Lake community lost a strong booster and devoted benefactor when Sidney E. Mulcock died in his sleeps Friday at age 75. - Mr. Mulcock was an investor, director, chairman, or president of numerous business enterprises, successful in all. MrrMulcock directed much of his time and means to the development-o- f business and industry in this area. He was one of the foremost property appraisers tions, however, came from members of our own Congress. An unusual facet of the pressure to satisfy local constituents was expressed to me by Rep. Michael Teighan, Democrat, of Cleveland, in whose district there are many Lithuanians, Poles and Ukrainians, but few Russians! Mr. Feighan wanted us to p'ut little if any Russian on the air. The Russians are imperialist, he exclaimed. Pay no attention to them. Broadcast in Ukrainian, Georgian and the minority languages of the USSR. These groups hate the Russians and wil rise against them at the first opportunity. I do not propose that USIA become a milquetoast outfit. When names need calling, we must call them. The trouble with USLA.how-eve- r, is 'its tendency to satisfy American demands, not to win friends and influence people abroad. VOA language desks are necessarily staffedrm view of language requirements, by people who came to the U.S. from the countries to which they broadcast By and large "these people. intelligent and experienced, are nevertheless emotionally tied up with the problems of those countries. Too many of them tacitly incline towards the Peking thesis that the East-Wes- t conflict must ultimately be decided by war. Their thinking and their Interest are basicrather than ally American. - . -- U.S. r A suggestion has been ' - ' made that 'ho country should broadcast in a language other than its own. The proposal has certain attractions, to the U.S. and the U.K., since English is already the most widely understood international language and is continuing to spread. Agreement on this proposal however, would be difficult to achieve, and if has "not been pressed very seriously, A more Important point concerns the content of our broadcasts. They should be, to the maximum extent in scope, should feasible, World-Widbe applicable to American as well as foreign ears, and should be as unemotionally objective as the finest news agency dispatch intended for publication in any newspaper, anywhere. Then, and only then, will USIA. gain maximum credibility. , v ly e let there by no more crusades. Nothing has served to- label USIA more Indelibly than the campaign, and nothing ' could have helped Castro more. ABOVE ALL, anti-Castr- |