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Show iwFnmf Mental Care: Wonder Drugs Turn The Tide Second - - Of Six Articles DESfc..u. OUR UAH JOKES A more complex neurosis called mixed depression often responds to a combination of tranquilizer and antidepressant. The former quiets the agitation which is usually part of this condition, while the latter lifts die patients spirit out of a despondency that can often lead By WILLIAM HINES The year of 1955 is regarded as a turning point in the annals of mental . health. 1 of that On Juiy year there were some 560,000 patients in mental hospitals Now , Let to suicide if unrelieved. of J per cent of all Americans. For years the number of inmates faster than the had been increasing national population increase, faster than the ability or willingness of taxpayers to build and support new hospitals. As A result, a situation that had always been bad grew steadily worse. Treatment of mental illness in the noisome, crowded and grossly understaffed snakepits that passed for hospitals became all but impossible. Most mental institutions were offering not therapy but custody, and the outlook for the patient was gloomy indeed. Then something happened. The population of mental institutions began to decline, slowly at first and then faster much faster than it had ever risen. The: downturn began in 1955 and has continued ever since. In the ensuing 12 years official reporting date for' each July 1 mental '' health statistics has seen fewer people in asylums than the year , before, i On July 1, 1967, the latest date for which reliable' figures are available,-therwere 426,000 patients in mental institutions. This represents a decline of 24 period when the per ceit over a national population was increasing by 12 Us All Resolve . . . one-thir- d per cent. It is no coincidence that the downturn 1955 when began in the same year the firet of the psychotropic drugs came into wide use for the treatment of the dif-- : ficult mental illness, schizophrenia. is, in the laymans Schizophrenia eyes, the classic madness. The Greek roots of the word describe the condition schizein, to part or split; aptly,' phren, mind; hence, split personality. It is marked by emotional instability, hallucinations and delusions, and hospitalizes more people than any other mental condition. It is also one of the hardest to treat. Drugs that attack conditions like schizbeophrenia are called psychotropic s cause, as the Greek psyche1 tropos (turn) suggest, (spirit) and (hey turn the mind. LSD, marijuana ' ;s root-word- :A e psychosis and schizophrenia are the hard conditions, but as was discovered in the 50s, even these can be brought under control with a properly supervised regimen of drugs and TLC (tender, loving care). Unfortunately, in most mental hospitals the former is easier come by than the latter. Probably no single compilation exists that lists all the drugs available for treatment of every form of mental illness. In August, 1967, the widely read Medical World magazine for doctors, News, published a Physicians Guide to Psychotropic Agents listing 32 trannot quilizers and 15 individual brand names, but distinct chemical formulations. Manic-depressiv- qnd STP , are psychotropic drugs too, but turning on is drug abuse and not a part of this story. Properly used for medical purposes, the psychotropic drugs turn, the aberrant mind back into more ' normal, productive path's! Development of psychotropic drugs, starting with the major gave rise to a whole new science a specialized branch of chemistry called psychopharmacology. As Dr. Daniel H. Efron of the University of Maryland Medical School explains it, psychopharmacology is the limiting of tranquilizer,-chlorpromazine- , . . Prize winner. Some of the drugs now in use are understood a little better than others, but in general the way they work on the researcher at the National mind is as great a mystery as the mind Institute of Mental Health on the out- itself. Nevertheless, a large number of skirts of Washington. Like many work- drugs have been developed for treatment ers in the field, Efron believes there is a of a wide variety of conditions. biochemical aspect to mental illness Anxiety reaction, probably the comwhich is not understood at present. monest neurosis, can be helped by tranIf I could answer directly your ques- quilizers of the diazcpuxlde type; tion (about how psychotropic drugs Librium is an example. Various antideEfron told an interviewer pressants are used in another common work), recently, youd be speaking to a Nobel condition called simple depression. havie In delivering a few weeks ago the annual John Findley Green lecture at Westminster Col-- local famines will spread into a sea of hunger. The usual date predicted for the of the local famines is beginning 1975-8And then unless the rich nation rush in to help many millions of people in the poor countries are going to - Mo. lege iht Fulton, The New York considered Times his pessimism , so that it important printed.. practically the. full text of his. lecure jn eight col- umns. The nightmare that haunts Lord Snow Is an impending collision between a soaring world population and a limited world food supply. At best, this will mean local famines to begin with. At worst, the starve to death before our eyes. But Lord Snows fears happen to be misplaced It Is true that the worlds population is now growing at a rate of 2 per cent or 3 per cent annually. It would certainly be more reassuring if this could be brought down to about 1 per cent But Lord Snow is mistaken both In his overall factual assumptions and in his proposed remedies. Prof. Dudley Kirk of the Food it Only Seems ' , during 19691. ; -- In classical music, cause the excla- It seems mation, like only 1968 was a year to yester-day- ! It seems like yesterday when anyone who would have sugThe gested that only ' Nutcracker Bal- could be without presented Mr. Condie stars imported front New York would have been considered Unfriendly to the Utah Civic Ballet. But there were three company ballerinas Janice James, Barbara Hamlin, and and three company Carolyn Anderson Tomm Ruud, John Hiatt, cavaliers and Ben Lokey equal to the task. it seems like only yesterday when pianist Dave Brubeck led a respected jazz quartet for 16 years,, yet in 1968 his first clasMcial composition, was given Its world premiere by the Cincinnati Symo-Jnonlet y. . ' It seems like only yesterday when Grant Johannesen was serving as the accompanist for a local choral group that was conducted by former Deseret News sports editor, Les Goates, yet in the closing days of 1968 Grant was busy preparing his 25th anniversary debut concert in New Yorks Carnegie Hall. Like Yesterday Cym-phon- y. ... the small society by Brickman ! ; MAPS IT Till &V6W AMOTHEF? yea- k- fi us KA i year apy usually has underlying causes that need psychiatric attention. Simply prescribing pills for a person suffering from mental distress is a case of treating the symptom and not the disease. Things, seeming to get better, can actually be getting much worse. Psychotropic drug are not In themBut they are wonder selves a cure-al- l. drugs nonetheless, because they have rescued thousands from the living death of a locked ward and saved countless others from ever experiencing that hopeless feeling of being lost to the world. So psychopharmacology has brought back into productive society many who would otherwise have been shut away forever. This was a big step forward, but a new problem as often happens was created, at least as great as the old one that was solved. The release of a cured schizophrenic from a mental Institution does not discharge society's obligation to him or her. Imbued with the institutional frame of mind, a released mental patient Is often poorly equipped to cope with the rat race that contributed to his crackup in the first place. So when the number Of Inpatients began to dedint with the use of psychotropic drugs in mental hospitals in the mid-5Git was inevitable that the numwould Increase. of ber How this challenge was met by an imaginative program sponsored by the federal government is the subject of the next chapter in this series. ones. week. And heres a list of resolutions for the are too busy to make them So ; for themselves: A resolution for radio newscasters to atop trying to get the news before the other rival newscasters . . . until they get the facts. What do you think it does to every mother in the valley to hear that two teenagers have been killed In an names being withheld until accident . r next of kin. dies deaths mother thousand a Every until her children arrive home! A resolution for parking terrace attendants to put the sorry filled sign out where the driver can see It before he is halfway into the entrance . . . then has to back out into the traffic. A resolution' for delivery trade drivers to double park only in the mornings . . : and closer to the curb, A resolution for the movie Industry to tell the story in 90 minutes to two hours . . . knock out the intermissions . . $3 tickets. . A resolution to the fellow who make:; the postage stamps to be a little more careful with the faces of George Wash-- s ington, FDR, and others who rate a pic-- ! ture on a postage stamp. A resolution for Howard Hughes. If he t cant buy the Air West . . buy the Salt ,, Palace. A resolution far Warden John Turner. i . run a tight ship! A resolution for Postmaster Trevithick . . . keep those letters coining! A resolution for Gov. Cal Hampton The Republicans outnumber you .. dont tight! A resolution for Howard Pearson. Take the bus and leave the driving to us." A resolution for sheepherders. Have fun but not a gas! A resolution for all of you. Make It big this year! ..... - Canters. Old Warrior Challenged of them people who ts NMlth thats better than most do! . f Community no new Mr. Jones but Bob to be Welti. He promises right on the weather forecast at least once each a, fevwm ... All : uninterrupted piano recital in television history from Carnegie Hall. It only seems like yesterday since a had to be chartered during the train , And the Japanese-bornand months of reparations summertime music director named was Ozawa Seiji and conductor of the San Francisco had to be made to take the Tabernacle ' ' Choir to the San Francisco or the San It only seems like yesterday that Vir- Diego or the Seattle Worlds Fair, Yet in ginia Tanner had a small group of little 1968, the Tabernacle Choir flew in a matgirls in her studio on the top floor of the ter of short hours to Dallas, then on to HemisFair in San Antonio and on to old McCune School of Music on North Main Street, yet during 1968 she took a Mexico City and Its Olympiad of the Perlarge contingent of her dancers to forming Arts. And in the closing days of December the Choir and Richard Condie, Hawaii for a long series of highly Its conductor, were getting ready to fly popular concerts. to D.C., where it will appear It only seems like yesterday that in Washington, its first Constitution Hall concert with Leonard Bernstein was a boy genius, yet the National Symphony and In the inauin 1968 he celebrated his 50th birthday of President-elec- t ceremonies gural and began his final season conducting Nixon on January 20. Richard the New York Philharmonic before retirIt only seems like yesterday that ing to compose and be a silver-haire- d Prof. Jesse Perry resigned as president elder statesman of music. of the Salt Lake Civic Music Association, It seems like only yesterday when but in 1968 she came bade as presiMaurice Abravane! took the Utah Syrup-non- y dentyet to build it up again . , . And it was to tours on first its Orchestra only yesterday when Milton Cutler was Ogden and Logan, and yet in 1968 he conon hand as the manager of Kingsbury ducted it in concerts in Idaho, and for to see that everything musical Hall the first time In Oregon and Montana. He was stage given everything it needed, yet in also directed a special tour that included, 19S he retired, and he has been sorely for the first time, Seattle, the Hollywood missed (though his successors are carryBowl, Santa Barbara, San Francisco, and It ing on his fine tradition of service) were 1968 in concerts And Portland. was only yesterday when Mrs. Adrian booked for the first time in Colorado, (Camille) Pembroke was organizing the New Mexico, and Texas, which will be Salt Lake Chapter of Young Audiences, played in the coming weeks. yet in 1968 its current president, Mrs. ' It only seems like yesterday when Paul (Loma) Clayton was trying desp to find enough competent musicians Vladimir Horowitz played in the Tabernacle with ihe Utah Symphony and Mr. to play 268 concerts for our fortunate Abravanel, yet in 1968 he gave the first school children . , , ro u$'" Also, mental health practitioners warn supervision psychotropic drugs should not be used in a vacuum. A condition requiring drug ther- NIXT-- Th ... No wonder it was reported that little 1969 had diaper rash! With mart of the resolutions of last year not yet realized, most people are carrying them over for this MERRY-GO - ROUND MUSICAL WHIRL By HAROLD LUNSTROM Deseret News Music Editor " Happy New Year r-- and good listening i Research Institute at Stanford University recently pointed out that far from facing starvation, the world has the best food outlook in a generation. He attributed this to a new green revolution, based on new seed grains and wider fertilizer use. A similar report was made two years ago by Prof. Karl Brandt, retired director of Stanford Universitys Food Research Institute, and one of the worlds greatest agricultural authorities Brandt even then pointed out that the emphasis on birth control to counteract famine was diverting attention from the enormous potential increase in food production that has now been made technically possible. The recent famines in the world, as Brandt added, have been brought about mainly by soclalWic governmental planning. This applies to the famines in Russia, Red China and India, In Its mania for industrialization," the Indian government squeezed the major part of the capital for that industrialization out of farm income. It set unprofitably low price on food and farm products. On top of this, mismanagement and neglect have led to a situation in which mice, rats, birds and locusts are permitted to devour Indias home grown food faster than American Food for Peace can be shipped in at very high expense. So Lord Snows implication that the poor countries can be saved from starvation only by more aid from die rich he suggests this might even countries be as high as 20 per cent of their gross is entirely wrong. national product been quite of ... that even under medical . ... 365 tottering a year a year. But now that old 1968 has gone to that big history book in the sky, let us hope for better tilings. Just 12 months ago when people were making out a list of resolutions, they were faced with the war in Vietnam. There was rioting in the streets on the campus in the ghettos. There were strikes in the factories. And after a year of planning, talking, debating, discussing, we have war in Vietnam, rioting in the streets, the ghettos, and on the campuses. And we have strikes. ous. high-ranki- HENRY HAZLITT been neared to despair this . 1968, than ever in my life. So said C. P. Snow, the British author, I year, Its days Even this list was not complete when and in the ensuing months more drugs have become available, either experimentally or on a prescription basis. As doctors see it, psychopharmacology is a valuable tool, but it can also be a dangerous weapon if improperly used. Take a single example: the amphetamines. These are widely used by physicians to control borderline cases that might otherwise require lengthy and costly hospitalization. But amphetamines irresponsibly taken for kicks (typically, bennies, a nickname for Benzedrine) can be extremely danger- pharmacology to the central nervous system and its pyschologic problems." Efron, in addition to being a professor of this new science at Maryland, is a Snow's Needless Nightmare Of Famine ", By HARRY JONES published, Before 1955 the number of mental hospital patients were increasing faster than hospitals could be financed. Man institutions offered custody, not therapy, as shown in ibis scene. A19 Wednesday, January 1, 1969 , By DREW PEARSON and JACK ANDERSON Twice in the past 10 WASHINGTON years Republican members of Congress have demoted their top leader in the - House of Representatives. The Dem- ocrats closed-doo- meet r in caucus Thursday to decide whether they will do likewise. The leaders whom the Republicans demoted were Joe Martin of Massachusetts, a lovable figure in the party who held the distinction of being both speaker and minority leader. However, he had grown old. Rep. Charlie Halleck of Indiana organized the rebellion which kicked him out. Halleck, who succeeded him, was a party warrior of distinction and longstanding. However, the time came when the GOP Young Turks decided Charlie also was too old. They demoted him in favor of Jerry Ford of Michigan. ' Democrats in the House of Representatives, however, have never done this. Perhaps its sentiment, perhaps its friendship. Perhaps its the pain of seeing an old leader falL Speaker John McCormack, now 77, who is being challenged Thursday, has pioneered some great causes. His voting record is 99 per cent for the underdog, for human rights, .civil rights. He was among the very first to see the danger of Nazism when other Congressmen were either blind or ignorant; and he conducted a crusading probe of Nazi propaganda in the United States. This was long before Hitler invaded Austria or Czechoslovakia, long before another Bostonian, Joseph P. Kennedy, as U.S. ambassador to England, was sending Washington favorable reports about the Hitler regime. However, theres a youth revolt stirring among House Democrats, not against Speaker McCormack personally, but against him as a symbol. Those who are sparking the revolt are relatively Brock Adams, Wash.; Andy young Jacobs, Lid.; Bull Hathaway, Maine; Tom Rees, Calif.; Pttsy Mink, Hawaii; Jim Scheuer, New York. Most important opponent Is Rep. Morris K. Udall, of Arizona. All of them like John McCcrmack; It Isnt personal. Its just efficiency and the changing times. The odds are against cauthem. But the fight in th edosed-doo- r cus Thursday will decide the fate of the Democratic Party in the House of Representatives for the next two years and could influence the next election. CASTROS ANNIVERSARY This is the tenth anniversary of Fidel Castros coming into power in Cuba. On Jan. 6, six days after Castros triumphal entry into Havana, this column described him as surrounded by Communists, and named Che Guevara as Cag stros closest confidant, a Communist who will bear watching when the new order takes shape in Cuba. Subsequent columns revealed Castro's attempt to stir up revolution, kill Secretary of State George Marshall during the in Bogota; Conference also described him as the embryo Nasser of the Caribbean with an ambition to take over the Panama Canal and cement this strategic area into a sort of United Carib Republic. Ten years have seen Castro become a permanent fixture in Cuba. Significantly, he has made speeches both in Moscow and Havana stating publicly that In i .e long run Cuba cannot remain divorced from the United States; geographical, cultural and economic ties, he said, are Wit's End Theres a lot of sickness in the Union ranks . . . cant get rid of the bug! wUuw!innmtnmramiuiimnaiiiiRinniimRinnmnuui card-carryin- BIG TALK Pan-Amtric- too close. State Department policy understandably is that Castro is too mercurial to be trusted, that there can be no resumption of relations until Castro bows out. However, Castro is not going to bow out in the foreseeable future. It was under a Republican administration that Castro came Into power. It was under a Democratic administration that we suffered an ignominious defeat in the poorly conceived, poorly executed Bay of Pigs fiasco. Perhaps the new Republican administration should take a good, second look at Cuba. The Russians have thrown out Note broad hints that they would like nothing better than to have the United States resume relations with Cuba and be relieved of their responsibilities. s A''4 I. ) Sfir M mi "This '68. f .s' 'j. MM v A4':-- 3 year's got to be better than has one day less for my wife to run up bills!" - It Prem photo taktn fey Lionel V. MtNooly for th OoiirM Now- - popwnr mniy Biey tirmoiy twtur. iiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiuiiitiiiiiminmi!tiiimimiiiiiii!iiiniittiiiii:iiittiiu t; |