Show from plough flon gli L loom oam and anvil BUILDING MATERIALS among the richest and most valuable of jhb lands land of this or any other country those which contain i on and coal have been found rexcel dai others though their surfaces are a cherle mere cabar barrec barrer rock andi and the possibility of cultivation not a q q es tian even for tion they area are worth more per pe acre than an any other description of pro perty 1 I 1 i but next perhaps to estate of this description lands land which contain building material may be clig classed sed provided they bey aarein are in t the he vicinity of a i 1 l or if their can b transported to market at reasonable cost we pre apse to des cr cribe some of these products products of our ur own country ibid state alie their ir becu peculiar i I 1 merits the most va valuable ia of all these rocks is as I 1 I 1 1 I 1 V r I 1 1 I 1 2 I 1 saable 1 I 1 jaa Majr bleis le is ty algie e I 1 1 4 I q limpf stone thap though g aften of en 1 mingled d wibb foreign matter but ut all c 0 of 11 lim e are not Wm marble arble the distinction i isahia isA s this his lame stone that will ta kea polish is m hattte ar b ake he I 1 f ahe li me signa s a good 1 Mig material terA and ana may nia y rqn ev n pa e ical a aspect s pe y burthe but buiey y are put suited ted only to those ge st structures 1 which whick candisa candi cari dispense sp ense with the finer kinds of or ornament hament like lik granite canite ra nite ftp to be described hereafter it is suited to every kind of 1 structure ture iri which tile the gigantic js antic the strong or the involved rather than the m the beamut beautiful if ul ju all that perly limestone may be converted into quick lime under beat of at moderate 1 and abd will offer effer cheh acids arz are poured upon them ia sin gip drop of atty any strong acid is is a ii test that will never fal fail I 1 lime stones run into marls at one extreme and at the other terminate in the purest marble the older 1 lime stones contain som ganv of the oxides of iron tap pulp buret oferd or of ot zinc manganese manga manxi pese mese OF etc the more recent olten often contain fossils of various kindi kinda various i I 1 qt of marbles there are many varieties one obvious disO distinction fitio n i is is into i wl whiter pite i dark and of the mottled marble different colors ors ire deuced by different mixtures mixture i of foreign subi substances with ita it 1 and nathe the purest marbles are those which are perfectly white 1 I the various tints of marble are generally produced byi the presence of certain oxides of iron I 1 and the green are the effect sometimes I 1 I 1 of the Ore presence sence of hornblende the black is produced by r barchal char coah sometimes sulphur and bitumen are mixed with the marble but their pre sence is readily detected by its odor ithe ake verd antique of the ancients is a kind of of f breccia or conglomerate the paste of which consists of a mixture of talc talc and ana limestone lime stone while I 1 the green fragments held together by the paste are serpentine in the verd antique found in england the white is limestone lime stone and the green serpentine and asbestos I 1 fragmentary marbles are divided into two kinds when the fragments are angular the specimen eimen is called breccia marble when they are rounded it is called pudding stone storre marble arble ro shells i are of often ten found in marble such specimens are called cit lied shell marble the lu machella marble marl is composed entirely of shells animal remains remains are sometimes seen in marble which is then called marbles have been imported into this country in very great quantities and have brought very big high h prices the opinion used to pi prevail ezil extensively siv ely perhaps universally that th atthe the native marble maible was almost almast worthless it certainly sold in the markets ts for a mere fraction of the cost of the ini ported imported nor was this because no han handsome csome in marbles arbles were quarried the following anecdote was related to lo us a few years ago by a large owner of marble aar quarries he had given n his attention iop chiefly to the white vi variety rieti tat but determined to try ry a specimen oi the variegated A single slab was finished an and d sep sent tto to his ais boston dealer who placed it among amon his other native specimens no purchaser was pound found for it after a while he directed that this should be placed among hs italian stabs slabs A eu customer stomer called and was shown shown into the foreign 1 1 i department after af ter surveying the assortment he selected the vermont slab as an italian ni marble arble su surface marble maible which of course is the only maible to be f furnished u from most new quarries is is apt apao to be imperfect abounding in seams or nat natural uril divi divisions sidn s and also may aby have been broken by violence olen the earlier workmen or kmen used to blast wi with th pl powder w and this was enough perhaps P to ruin a all I 1 th the marble arble in intimate c connection with the blast the presence of iron iran Is is a also I 1 so injurious u mus by the action of the air it i is s made soluble and the rains dissolve it it is then seen on the sui pur face face highly disfiguring ivring dif its beauty beatify we would here insert seat an extract from a 4 recent paper boer on bai this imp important sub jept by ma Step stephen lien P leeds a prof professed bessea g geologist e ao gist residing in in alrook I 1 lyn Y I 1 having sad occasion dill dining Dg the past year to visit many of the marble districts ot 0 new york and of bf the new nelv england states I 1 would beg leave to call your attention att antion to that portion of the tire mineral wealth of our country comprised in this valuable material for building and ornamental purposes and I 1 do so the more cheerfully at this particular time for t alie I 1 ie marbles of this country are destined at no distant day to form a highly important impo ilant feature in its vast le ic sources for among the many mining interests that are now man festing themselves that of marble cannot fail to hold a high rank not only on account of its real practical utility but because judicious investments it in this branch of operative labor are aie certain er to produce large returns etu riis for the capital employed A violent prejudice has long been held by dealers and workers in marble against the marbles of america and that too without withof stopping to examine examine into the reasons upon which thee prejudices existed to see if they really were possessed of a moderately fair fail foundation they have maintained that american marbles were not sufficiently solid they were full of flaws and shakes the lie texture was not uniform being sometimes in the same block full of soft spots spot intermixed w with ith nodules of almost flint like hardness bardness that I 1 the lie color was not equal throughout the same mas and that the aan J quantity t 1 tv woo not susceptible or a 11 in ja sirons polish list 1 or posse possessed saS if of that compact compoi composition tion which would allow it to be worked woi keel wen well under miner tue itie imis ot or alj lluc evils which it was asserted did not appertain to the imported article and they were right light but only so f far ar as their observation extended all marbles of american quarrying have been as yet but surface specimens Throw throughout I 1 holat all the quarries that I 1 have visited I 1 have ha e not seen see i anywhere the excavation exceed seventy five to inq on hundred feet in d depth and it is from samples usually taken from the immediate diate wat that their examinations have been conducted ano anc drawn from samples where the action of atmospheric and other influences tending to decomposition have for lon long 1 ages been in full operation acting to the deterioration of the stone while the finer marbles marble s that are ith imported ported from europe are taken from quarries that have been worked for many years years and are taken from a great depth below the surface sui face 1 z the extensive operations that are now taking I 1 place in the limestone lime stone di districts tracts of our country tarje are destined soon to show that these objections objection to I 1 american marbles are to be fully removed moved le in instead of surface specimens wie we shall have blocks from several hundred feet below the surface compact I 1 clear and susceptible of the most exquisite 1 and elaborate finish and embracing every variety of style from the plain block and unclouded white to the delicately veined and richly shaded tint so profuse profuse of beauty and so f ully fully adapted to adorn t the e halls of luxury and elegance elp gance then the i are beauty of bf the marbles of italy spain and portugal hitherto unequalled unequal led will meet in this country with a successful rival in the products of the great basin lying between therold the bold and rugged adirondack mountains on the west and the high sweep of the green mountains of vermont an on the fist east crossing that rich and fertile tile valley in which like Champ champlain lalli reposes extending j north to confines confine i of canada and south I 1 with some through the wester part of massachusetts and connecticut 4 an and d the eastern part of new york to the shores of long I 1 island so sound ind here in this v widely videly extended tract a noi new I 1 source of national wealth e I 1 inert n ert and dormant wilt will i ere long be called into existence for men of 0 capital ind and efterpi ise with that farseeing faculty which 1 characterizes the shrewd aa arid successful operator have investigated the abole hole of the lime beai ing district and haveko have secured as the fieldor field ot thear the anos most choice ano and dej pai points ti situated situate within its limits adding not pal to the pros prosperity perit y of the chukr country but creating P a new demand for I 1 labor I 1 I 1 Th eVermont quarries are worked to the extent of between two and three milf millions ions of dollars peran per annum nuni the new york quarries afford nearly two millions of dollars a year and the massachusetts chu du and connecticut quarries to together 11 e ther yield i nearly the latter amount forming an aggregate of 1 seven millions of dollars per for fw the four I 1 states and this too under circumstances circumstance ciro urns i taw OT feam prcy Wova an 11 ile die ml full development qt of the marble sections to alie utmost of their capacity and such esthe ds the demand for marble for building and other purposes that were the yield four times the above amount it would not overstock the th market arket in fact the demand is almost unlimited nor is the marble maible the only source of profit from these qua quarries iries 1 the chips of marble broken from we the masses impasses in quarry quarrying ipg a and ad trimming the I 1 blocks a are e used for burning J gumto into lime and the quality of oe lime thus foisted foi is unsurpassed to so gome aie idea of the quantity of chips thus used the lime made in this ibis manner is in duchess courty in thi state amounts to over two ni millions illions ot of briw bushels i pa per annum 1 11 matheo Mathe arft geology of new i to rk p opa 11 I 1 the v alae baue 01 a aime limestone lime sto stone n e deposit may be better te K shown in figures and I 1 would quote again a fec from iiii professor mather each cubic yard ar of rock will make four barrels of lime incle including in the necessary waste this would give about barrels to ahe the acre it if we allow a profit of only 25 cents per barrel an acre of this inne stone 21 feet thick is capable of yielding a clear profit of 5 1 As a building material marble has ever been considered the first ari in durability and elegance I 1 poets have sung its praises praised and orators have I 1 descanted des canted upon its charms it has been used in I 1 I 1 t i the erection of national buildings and worked it i aiuto ito monuments ments to perpetuate the fame fame of heroes statesmen and men of eminence emilien ce I 1 temples cd I 1 to the holiest hollest sensations of the human mind I 1 and dedicated to the highest attributes of art embodiments of the true t proportions of the faultless pictures of beauty and loveliness wrought in solid and massive masonry these have arisen from the marble maible quarries ries of ancient and modern times and with the wide field fieW before beford us still to be explored pio promising 9 as it does suh such rich and ample returns for investigation we cannot dolbt that the time is near at band when the marbles les of this country shall claim and maintain their proud pre pie eminency over those these of all other portions of the world marble occurs in in almost all garts parts of this country tr and many quarries have bave been een opened we have already seen to what extent some of them are wrought in maine a quarry has been wrought for many years in connection with the thomaston limestone in western massachusetts they have been opened for many years in west most of the marb marble I 1 e is is white of this in 1839 two hundred thousand dollars worth was sold in north adams it occurs of snowy whiteness and free from magnesia the sheffield quarries produced the marble from which the pillars of guard girard college were wrought great barrington barington furnishes a very beautiful clouded marble hut but it contains 40 per cent of magnesia magnesia lee produces handsome marble in vermont white marbles are found through almost the entire range of mountains from bennington to vergennes vei genres jes and it is is found also and quarried in in various places through the entire northern section of the state the finest grained marbles we have ever seen we selected from a quarry in in middlebury mr crawford Craw foid has pronounced ed these marbles equal to the finest carrara more recently we learn that some very fine grained marbles are found in in west rutland at plymouth windsor county is is a very elegant f fawn awn chloi ed marble and also varieties rie ties which are perfectly beautiful but they are very hard and brittle and therefore wrought with difficulty and hence they have been neglected for the white which is moie profitable rutland has for many years sent immense qua quantities of white marbles to market A quarry in danby produces a flexible white marble of most excel excellent I 1 lr it quality A slab freshly quarried of the ordinary size fo for gravestones grave stones when supported by its ends will bend at its centre to the extent of an inch or two it soon loses this feature on e exposure to the air air there is also a rock which has been quarried in cavendish near proctorsville Proctors ville vt and which is is found also in in lowell and in in troy orleans county and also in in s awaa me parts of orange county vt w which bich goes awis by the name of ivera antique mar me ble 12 this is is a misnomer misnomer it is is not properly pr perly marble but is is quite a different thing it I 1 is se serpentine min aed perhaps with some lime ume stone sandwith and with certain metallic oxides which give it a veined or mottled appearance unlike the true gre green greenoe enof of the pure or precious serpentine our awo city fathers we believe are discussing its merits as a marble and specimen i on exhibition is is described by its owners as destitute of some of th the i imperfections in f f ra of UL binary nary mar marbles bies 7 it is is a beattee 1 io rock 1 well adapted tor for handsome fire frames frame tables etc it receives receives a high polish ami nd h acia an unc unctuous couo s touch it is is also a beautiful material for pillars and plasters pilasters pi asters lasters and all inside ornaments om amenti it is is quite as competent to endure violence as most mat mai bles but we should as soon think of covering covering our |