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Show WEEKLY REFLEX-DAV- IS NEWS JOURNAL, FEBRUARY 19, 1976 The Liberty Bell Fired ByLES ANDERSON ITS sonorous tones were distinctive and unmistakable in the community as it announced important events, summoned the citizens to meetings, and called them to worship. In Europe and the American colonies every town, village and hamlet had its bell. BY THE middle of the 18th century Philadelphia, as the headquarters of the Pennsylvania Assembly and the most rapidly growing city in the colonies, was in need of a new bell, one with a more powerful tone and wider range. In a letter dated November 1, 1751, Isaac Norris, Speak-othe Assembly, requested Robert Charles, the colonial agent in London, to procure a bell of about 2,000 pounds. f BELL foundries were scarce in the colonies, and England had been producing bells of the highest quality and workmanship for about 800 years. To be inscribed along the top of the waist, near the crown, were to be words Proclaim Liberty thro all the Land to all the Inhabitants thereof - Levit XXV 10 and underneath By Order of the Assembly of the Province of Pennyslvania for the State-hous- e in the City of Philadelphia 1752. JUST why the top inscription was desired, or who requested it, is not known. There is some reason to believe it was suggested by Benjamin Franklin. The bell was cast in the Whitechapel foundry in Lon- - yfe Sim) at a cost of 170 pounds sterling. Metal was shaved don The origin of the bell as an instrument of communication is lost in antiquity, but from the earliest times it had been an indispensable part of the centers of civilization. I . from the inside of the waist, the main concave body of the bell, until the tone of E flat was achieved. It was a work of perfection. AFTER AN unusually rough ocean voyage the huge bell arrived in die Quaker city in September of 1752. In order to test it, before raising it to the top of the bell tower, it was rigged to a temporary stand a few feet above the surface of the ground. To everyones consternation the lip of the bell cracked with the very first stroke of the clapper. The Philadelphians blamed this on faulty casting by the Whitechapel foundry. The foundry blamed it on mishandling by the crew at the test stand. In later years both sides finally agreed that the bell had very likely suffered undetectable damage during its turbulent trip across the Atlantic. IT WAS broken up and recast by the Pass and Stow foundry which had recently been established right there in Philadelphia. The original bell had contained 77 percent copper and 23 percent tin, but Pass and Stow decided it should have a greater amount of copper, which they added. In March of 1753 this bell was installed in the belfry of the Statehouse tower. It had been tested and approved in the factory, but in the tower it was an abortive failure.' Its tone was far from melodious. ONE witness described it best Like the sound of two coal scuttles being banged together. It was taken down and broken up for recasting. Pass and Stow, in their embarrassment, worked around the clock and by June 3rd a new bell was hanging in the Statehouse bell tower. a WAS IT great By CONGRESSMAN ALLAN T. HOWE American forces were in 2,080 pounds. In circumference it is 12 feet at the lip and 7 feet, 6 inches at the crown. The clapper is 3 feet, 2 inches in length. The height from lip to crown is 3 feet. Some alterations had been made in the inscriptions, thro was changed to Throughout and to became unto. levit was shortened to lev and VS was added. . IN THE lower line the words ia also disappeared. Melted down, it would have yielded about 33,000 rounds of shot for British army muskets. It had been taken down, in secrecy and under cover of darkness, and hauled to Allentown where it was hidden in the basement of a church. British AFTER the evacuated Philadelphia in June of 1778 it was brought back, and by the middle of August it was again hanging in the Statehouse bell tower. By 1781 the tower had deteriorated to the point of being considered unsafe. The bell was lowered to the brick portion of the structure and tower. THE REASON for it not replacing the Great bell altogether is not known. The cost of the new English bell was 198 pounds sterling. It became known as the New Bell and the Great Bell was referred to thereafter as the roofed over. THE NEW location had a muffling effect and reduced its range, but it stayed there until the Statehouse building was renovated 47 years later. In October when the news of the surrender of Cornwallis reached Philadelphia it rang wildly through the night, and no one complained. Old Bell. In 1828, for another unknown reason, the New Bell was taken down and donated to the St. Augustine church. The Old Bell remained and to serve the Legislative vassembly and the public. continued FINALLY, the residents in the vicinity of the Statehouse issued a petition to have the IN 1800 the Federal Government moved to Washington, D.C. and the Old Bell ceased to serve the legislative body. In 1816 a decision was made to sell the Statehouse and the grounds into private ownership and the Old Bell was included among the incidental scrap items.. The city eventually acquired the property and Old Bell was saved from, an ignoble fate. 11 IV 11 IV THE cost of new homes and better neighborhoods move out of financial possibility, young people are going to begin to look toward inner city. But trying to buy a home ' ) an older neighborhood can turn into ar unpleasant surprise for prospective Layers and sellers both. This surprise !s called redlining. In effect, lending institutions decide, for many reasons, that particular neighborhoods are poor risks for lending money, and in such neighborhoods, no matter how qualified the prospective buyer, many lending institutions will not lend mortgage money on houses in these areas. AS NATIONWIDE this practice of redlining is coming under fire and has spawned one bill in congress which President Ford signed on the last day of 1975 which requires financial lending institutions to disclose how many loans are made in the various geographical areas. 1 ne lending institutions state they must look twenty and thirty years into the future to decide what the value of that piece of property will be by the time the mortgage is paid off. They say, and rightly so, that their first responsibility is to the investors whose savings are being invested in mortgages. PEOPLE WHO live in older neighborhoods, however, are saying they have money saved in these institutions and have, a right for a percentage of the loans to be made in their neighborhoods. The problem probably started after hous- world war II when the boom in new Americans to ing construction brought meant buying a home ownership believe new in a development in the new home suburb. THE RESULT of this policy was that middle class moved en masse from the, older areas of the city into the outlying areas. Frequently they did not sell the old house, but kept it for investment property, which made them absentee landlords. Thus began the downward spiral of inner which has become a nationwide city headache. There are indications, however, that this trend is beginning to reverse itself. pressure from are neighborhood organizations who and bringing attention to the problem, PARTLY BECAUSE of such as partly as a result of natural forces com which makes of the cost gasoline muting from suburbs too costly, partly the incredibly high cost of new housing and partly the national trend toward nostalgia which makes older home renovation attractive. In Salt Lake City, for example, in many in the lower avenues which a few years ago could only be sold to people interested in dividing the house into apartments, now are sold immediately to young couples or sometimes to mature people who want to spend time and money to restore the house which will then be more of a show place and status symbol than a new house in a bedroom community. instances older homes BEFORE THIS redlining policy can be d resolved, however, there must be and effective effort on the part of local government to upgrade schools, police protection, upgrading of streets, curbs and gutters, and other community efforts to being these neighborhoods back to the kind of communities where young families want to live and rear children. In some areas, this is an extremely difficult job. There are, however, many borderline communities in the city wherewith active community support, with citizen participation, with pride of ownership which brings homeowners to paint and care for their property, the deterioration of aging neighborhoods can be halted and (he trend reversed. coor-.dinate- THERE IS no reason for a neighborhood to decay if the people will it otherwise. Older nations know this. They live in their homes for centuries and the character of their neighborhoods does not change frqm generation to generation. In these places, however, property is valued and cared for. There is no simple, easy, automatic solution to neighborhood preservation. It will require work and cooperation between individuals and officials agencies. It will require reassessment of policy on the part of lending institutions. It will require clear thinking and realistic appraisal of situations. Neighborhoods age imperceptivly as do people. One day we are a young community faced with growth problems, and then while we have been concerned about adequate schooling for the children, they have all grown up and gone off to college and to their own homes and we are living in an aging community edging into the first signs of decay. Its time to look around and decide how to begin to give our neighborhoods their first middle aged face lift. Perhaps the best way to cope with the practice of redlining is to keep the neighborhood in condition to prevent its decay. Dunmore Governor in December, 1775, and losing it to the British in January, 1776. THE BATTLE for Norfolk began on Dec. 9, 1775, when American forces led by Colonel William Woodford faced British forces led by Dunmore from opposite ends of a causeway nine miles from Norfolk. Dunmore had tried to suppress Patriot activity and impose Torie rule, and the WHEN BRITISH General William Howe with his Redcoat army marched into the city of Philadelphia on September 27, 1777, they were not surprised to find that the Continental Congress had fled. They were not happy about the fact that the Old Bell had in the city of preceding Philadelphia were deleted. Just why the mispelled was not corrected is still a mystery. It became affectionately known as the Great Bell. Pass and Stow submitted a bill in the amount of 60 pounds sterling, 13 shillings and 2 pence. In November Norris dispatched an order to London for another large bell from the firm of Whitechapel. It arrived in the spring of 1754 and was hung in a new cupola jutting from the Statehouse roof just in front of the bell . Jesse Richard Dredge III, 13, of 87 North 300 West, is one of RICHARD received the award during a special court of honor held last week at the Kaysville Tabernacle with scouting officials Arthur Johnson, district leader of the Francis Peak District of the Lake Bonneville Council; Blake Arnell, scoutmaster and Greg Schomberg, assistant scoutmaster; Bishop Max Hirschi and bishops counselor Dee Hyde, scout representative of the bishopric, all in at- BEGINNING in 1852 the Liberty Bell grew restless. It was removed from the bell tower and placed in the Assembly Room of the Old State-hous- e, by now, was called Independence Hall. After 26 years in the Assembly Room it was moved to the hallway, then later into the Supreme Court Chamber. It was next suspended by a chain from the ceiling of the bell tower, then taken down and returned to the Assembly Room and covered with a glass case. Finally, the glass which day evening, Feb. 8. Mr. and Mrs. Hod Sanders spent 10 days at Bloomington, Tories. For 50 hours flames swept through Norfolk. Finally, Dunmore landed and the town. Three were killed and seven wounded in the bombardment and fire. completely routed the British, killing Dunmores chief officer, Captain Fordyce, and 12 other Redcoats in the process. Dunmore and his remaining men were forced to take refuge aboard ship in the harbor, and the rebels marched on to Norfolk and occupied it five days later. re-to- Dunmores bombardment through. and the fires set by the British and tbe rebels had essentially leveled Norfolk. But when American forces again forced Dunmore to flee the town in February, 1776, the destruction of Norfolk was Norfolk, and when they refused he launched a naval bombardment of the town on cupied Norfolk, though there was little to occupy but rubble But Dunmore wasnt He demanded provisions from the rebels in Jan. completed. THE REBELS again 1776. and burned-ou- oc- ruins. t HIS HOBBIES include Ive been getting a steady number of requests for information on red, white and blue flowers from people getting HIS grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Richard Dredge, and Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence B. Wade, all of Malad, Ida., came to attend the ceremony and presentation, np ready for the Bicentennial celebration. Some have in mind creating the American flag or the Bicentennial symbol in a floral design in their front yards. Pruning Your Grapes Do you have grape vines in your yard and are wondering how to prune them? There is no easy way to tell how to prune grape vines, S. Melvin says USU Area Generally, however, grapes should be pruned in late winter or in the of Most February. grapes in this area are pruned or trained to the four arm of Kniffen system. This consists of a central trunk with two new canes (one on each side) running out from the main trunk at about 3 feet above ground and another set 42 feet high. These arms or canes are tied to wires that are stretched out about that distance from the ground. The canes are cut off annually so there are from ten to fifteen buds per arm. This will leave from 50 to 60 buds per trunk. All of the rest of the canes are cut back to the main trunk by leaving only a bud or two at each arm. These buds will grow out for next years crop. Then next year the canes that bore this year will be cut back to buds close to the trunk for the next ITS EASY to list a lot of different red, white and blue flowers but the task becomes more difficult when people tell me they want the colors as close to the true flag colors as possible and that they also want all three colors in the same flower variety. What often happens is that you can find two of the three colors in a single variety not the third. Added to this is the necessity of using low growing plants of the type needed for floral designs. crop. If you prune late in the spring many of the cuts will bleed. This does not hurt the grape vines because it is mostly water that is flowing through the vine. If you would like to have a good publication on pruning your home orchard, come to our office, or your County Agents Office for your copy or send 20 cents and the copy Burn-ingha- case was removed and the bel put back into the tower to repose in silent splendor. I IN 1885 it began traveling, by railroad flatcar, around the country. In that year it was taken to New Orleans for display at the World Industrial and Cotton Exposition. In 1893 it went to Chicago for the Columbia Exposition. In 1895 it journeyed to Atlanta for the Cotton States and Atlantic Exhibition where it remained for four months. 1902 found it in Charleston, South Carolina for the Interstate and West Indian Exposition, and the following year it visited Boston in honor of their Bunker's Hill celebration. Stake Presidency and ward bishoprics and their wives enjoyed their annual dinner party Tuesday evening at the Lion House in Salt Lake City. Bishop Victor L. Brown of the Presiding Bishopric of the LDS Church in Salt Lake City was the guest speaker for the evening. evening in Kaysville given by her friend, Cindy Criddle, and by Janet Miners for 15 guests. Mr. and Mrs. Dick Beens from home returned Sacramento, Calif, where they visited two weeks with their son and family, Captain and Mrs. Lynn Beens and family who are stationed at Mather Air Force Base. Carl Galbraith who is a Mrs. George Sheffield and daughter, Kim Sheffield, were guests at a bridal kitchen shower in Sandy last week in honor of Kim who will University ran the two mile in the track meet Saturday in Provo between Utah State and Brigham Young University. Mr. and Mrs. Ray L. Davis attended the funeral services on Monday at the LDS Stake Chapel in Tremonton, for their brother-in-law- , Milton Summers. He was the husband of the former Edith ANOTHER white in this low group of plants would be . Davis. Also attending with Mr. and Mrs. Davis was their son and , sweet alyssum. another easy-to-gro- or summer-flowerin- g For a red in our This is annual plant! conbination I would select one of the new begonias. They grow but eight inches tall and if started indoors very early as early as Feb. - they will flower all summer . The new red wonder is the variety I would select. -- in a Visit In Hyrum Mr. and Mrs. Dean Simmons have spent several days this past week in Hyrum, Utah, where they have been getting acquainted with their new little granddaughter, that arrived at a Logan hospital on Tuesday February 10th. The new little miss weighed in at 10 pounds and one ounce and her parents have decided to name her Shaney Jean. She was welcomed home by two brothers, Cody and Case and her parents are Rudy and LeeAnn Simmons Puzey, formerly of Layton. The other grandparents are Mr. and Mrs. Nad Puzey of Murray, Utah, vsb TELL-TAL- E SIGN You can tell youre getting old when you want your new calendar to have big numerals instead of pictures of pretty girls. Wall Street Journal. -- Greatest Killer The American Heart sociation continues its daughter-in-law- . Bishop and Mrs. Glen R. Davis of Salt Lake City. Heart Attack: Ageratum has been the standby for blue edging Layton Partyline plants for years. There are several new shades of blue that I am sure would give you that color. There are also some new white varieties. Both will flower all summer and are six inches or under in height. WHEN GROWING flowers design bed, you certainly will want to keep them growOF COURSE, there is the ing as vigorously as possible and free from weeds. Plant morning glory which has good them in good soil and keep the vivid red, white and blue varieties. But these are vines bugs away by spraying with an aerosol like Raid House & and not suited to a bed. Garden. One choice for all colors in Another tip: plant a dozen a single type of plant would be the petunia. In both single ' or more plants of each flower in another spot in the and double petunias it is posgarden. Then if one should happen to sible to find varieties with our die in your design bed, you can flag colors. These also fulfill the requirements of having replace it with a plant of the same size. the flowers blooming PERHAPS YOU have other throughout the entire season. These plants have to be kept suggestions for flowers to use in a flag design. Drop me a neat and trimmed during the line with your choices: Bill year because they can become Meachem, care of Johnson stragglers in some situations. Wax, p.o. Box 3788 , Grand Central Station, New York, FOR NEAT sharp edges in N.Y. 10017. a design, however, a combination of different kinds of flowers would be the best bet. Also, plants that would only grow up to six inches tall. years will be sent to you, Mr. concludes. be married Feb. 27 to Gary Merrill of Kaysville. Mrs. Jerri Oborn, aunt of the future bridegroom hosted the shower for 25 guests. Kim was also honored at a grocery shower Wednesday Flowers Also Fit Into Bicentennial work and farming. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Jesse R. Dredge II of Kaysville. , Utah and have now returned home. The Kaysville Utah LDS track star at Utah State camping, swimming, leather abruptly changed to a discordant clang. A large, jagged the change. through Texas, Arizona and New Mexico before returning home Sun- . THEN, IN 1846 while being England states. The antislavery movement, and the were largely inpoem, strumental in bringing about toured tendance. Richard has served as senior patrol leader of troop 407 of the First Ward. He has also been president of the Deacons quorum of his priesthood quorum in the ward. He is an eighth grade student at Kaysville Junior H;gh School rung in celebration of Washingtons birthday its resonant reverberations A Boston Abolitionist group was gaining recognition for their stand against slavery, and in 1847 a poem on the slavery question titled The Liberty Bell was published and widely read in the New where they were guests of their daughter and Mr. and Mrs. Robert Thomock and family. Mrs. Bennett left earlier for Dallas to be with the family for the new arrival of a granddaughter born Jan. 23, to the Thomocks. Mr. Bennett joined her later and they son-in-la- 1841. Bell. Mr. and Mrs. Waynard Bennett have returned home from a trip to Dallas, Texas obtain. ON JULY 8, 1835, 59 years their beginning back in 1839 were responsible for the Old Bell becoming the Liberty IN THE Battle of Great Bridge, Woodfords men Kays-vill- the latest recipients of the Eagle Scout award. This is the highest award a boy in scouting can from the day it proclaimed Independence, it suddenly cracked while tolling the death of John Marshall, the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. But, this was not the last time it was rung. With the clapper muffled and wrapped in the hope of preventing further damage, it softly tolled at the death of President William Henry Harrison in remainder of the waist all the way up to the crown. After 92 years the Old Bell was mute. Any sound after that would have to be coaxed from it with a soft, specially designed rubber hammer. All attempts to halt further traveling of the crack by filing were abandoned, and by 1907 the hairline fracture extended into the crown. A SERIES of events that had DUNMORE ordered dock-sid- e warehouses burned, and the rebels retaliated by burnring the homes of prominent Kaiswom Eagle citizens. the Virginia Assembly had sent Woodford to defend the citizens of Norfolk against him. JESSE R. DREDGE III IN 1828 plans were made t(f renovate the building and a bell twice the size was to be installed to work in conjunction with the tower clock. The contract stipuiated that the firm to do the work would receive, as scrap, the Old Bell appraised at $400. The cost of removing it, however, was considered prohibitive by the contractor and once again it was saved. Not only did it seem to bear a charmed existence, but it was beginning to find a sentimental premise in the hearts of the crack had' fractured Virginia British-appointe- d announced until four days later. It was on July 8 that the Old Bell honored its prophetic inscription by ringing loudly and long. Editorial People are beginning to ask what young people are going to do for a home. The exploding cost of real estate and new construction is rapidly removing home ownership from the financial realm of most young families. possession of Norfolk, Va. in February of 1776, after having captured the town in from rebooming voice of Old Bell stricted from tolling except when calling the Legislative body together. There is no record of the petition having any effect. The Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776, but it was not publicly improvement, but far from perfect and still unacceptable by many, including Speaker Isaac Norris. However, this is the bell that remained to become a national symbol of freedom. It weighs Years M(o)(0) Asna- tional educational campaign to create public awareness and recognition of the early warning signs of heart attack. SINCE heart attack is the greatest killer in the United States (more than 660,000 annually), all should be interested in telltale signs which give the first indication of its approach. The AHA says the most common warnings are: (1) Prolonged, oppressive pain or discomfort in the center of the chest; (2) Pain radiation to the shoulder, arm, neck or jaw; (3) Sweating accompan-inthe pain, perhaps nausea, vomiting or shortness of community. Ken and Marion Brailsford and daughter Mary recently returned from San Francisco where they attended a gift show for the store. They were greeted at the airport by their Mr. daughter and and Mrs Tom Allen, who are now living in San Jose, California. Marge said they combined business with pleasure and really had a good visit and a good time. Mr. and Mrs Roger Bean and Rogers mother Mrs Joseph Bean recently returned from an eight-datrip to Hawaii. The reports were that they had a real good time. Our best wishes are extended to Clair Smedley who is now home from the hospital and hopes to return to school in the near future. Clair was in an automobile accident on son-in-la- y December 3 1st. Mr. and Mrs. Dale Whitesides returned home this week from a short vacation trip to Death Valley. California. They were met there by their daughter and her husband, Mr. and Mrs. Forrest Day and their three children from Ventura, California. Mr. and Mrs. Bill Schaap and family spent a week in Yellowstone where they spent many hours exploring and enjoying the winter wonders bv snowmobile. Mr. and Mrs. Roger Norman entertained wiih a dinner at their home some members of the Tabernacle Choir, of which Mr. Norman is a member. Our get well wishes are extended to Ross Folkman and Max Holbrixik who are now at home recouperatmg from a problem in their lungs. jrTTTTTTTTTT STOKER S NURSERY g breath. 2050 So. 1000 W Those experiencing the symptoms should call a doctor at once, because the first hours of a heart attack are often the most critical, and the time in which the most can be done to limit damage. THE AHA campaign is set for February but awareness of warning signs of heart at- tack i Mr. and Mrs. Summers have been great visitors at the Davis home here, and have become very well acquainted with many people in this should be stressed twelve months a year; execu- tives between the ages of 35 and 64 are most vulnerable, but all in that age bracket are highly vulnerable. Syracuse Boston Ferns House Plants Garden & Flower Seeds FRH t t 4 Fern With $3.00 purchase PHONE 825-76- 76 1ft KJr'l1 1' 'I1 11 a 'f 'i' V i 7 1 I Wr |