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Show Page Eight THE Group Success Feeds on Self, Stress Zoning In Area Study ANN ARBOR, MICH. (ACCN) People who belong to successful - WASHINGTON (ACCN) Master groups tend to raise their develop pride in their plans for cities and counties are fine aspirations, success and look forward to groups on paper, but they should be .'uture goals. followed and kept updated. Leapfrog Members of a group exposed to and scalleration zoning should be repeated failure become less avoided, and orderly incremental zoning used in developing an area. These are two of some 35 recommendations made by the Build America Better team of the National Association of Real Estate Boards, which recently completed a study of the Moreno Valley area of Riverside County, Calif., a study whicn to an extent included the entire county. This is the most recent of more than 50 team visits to communities throughout the U.S., by Realtors who donate their time without charge to cities and counties with special problems, according to attractive. This contrast is typical of those drawn in Motives and Goals in Groups, a new book by Alvin Zander, director of the Research Center for Group Dynamics in The University of Michigans Institute for Social Research. The book reports the first program of studies into the origins of group goals. Investigations were conducted on Bellflower, Calif., chairman of the Build America Better Committee. As in other visits, a team of four Realtors went to Riverside County, at the invitation of the Riverside Board of Realtors and county officials, for nearly a week of intensive research, ending with a large public meeting at which team members presented their recommendations, Mr. Ibbetson said. The Riverside visiting team was chaired by F. Lawrence Dow .of Hartford, Conn. Dow pointed out that the project was one of the most unusual in the history of the program in that it involved planning for an expected huge population push into a county about the size of the state of New Jersey, but with a current population of about 450,000. , Team members praised county leaders for plans already on paper, but warned that other California counties, rich in resources and human ability, had partially failed because they did not envision what a suddenly expanded population can do to a county. W'arnings also were issued by the team on a variety of other subjects, e particularly zoning and for Since mobile homes. planning Riverside County is one of the nations heaviest manufacturers of mobile homes, and one of its greatest users, this was an issue of paramount importance. Thousands of mobile homes in the county are situated on single lots as well as in parks, and the team recommended that they be restricted to parks or subdivisions. The Realtors further made recommendations that lot sizes for the mobile homes be enlarged, and street widths in parks be widened. The team members urged the discontinuation of leapfrog and 'scatteration zoning, and of holding zoning where no evidence exists of supply, demand, or need. Among the many other recommendations were . included proposals on cluster housing, regional planning districts, a study of geologic soundings, the location of mobile home parks, an increased number of sanitary districts, and regional parks. Too often," the advisory team said, city and county governments have merely codified the results of pressures, economic and other- wise. Big Trench The Panama Canal is 50 miles long from deep water to deep water. Made up of locks and lakes, the depth varies, but is not less than 40 feet. On the average, it takes a vessel seven hours to go through from the Caribbean to the Pacific or vice- versa. (ACCN) - To Take Post At Vanderbilt - CHICAGO (ACCN) Junius L. Allison, executive director of the National Legal Aid and Defender Association (NLADA), will resign his post September 1 to accept an appointment as professor of law and director of clinical education at Vanderbilt University School of Law in Nashville, Tenn. His successor has not yet been named. Allison has been executive director of NLADA since 1962. con- cerned with future activity, lower their groups goals, see its activities as less important, the group as less Realtor E. Thornton Ibbetson, long-rang- RECORD DAILY Georgetown to Write Text on Women and Law WASHINGTON (ACCN) Georgetown University Law -Center The has received a $15,000 grant from the Carnegie Corp. of New York to develop a textbook on women and the law. The project will be directed by Mrs. Barbara Allen Bowman, director of the Public Defender Service of the District of Columbia. Mrs. Bowman taught a course on sex discrimination at Georgetown University Law Center dining the fall semester and is teaching a similar course at the Yale Law School this spring. At present there is no definitive text on the subject, Mrs. Bowman said. She described the course as one which "simultaneously explores discrimination by the legal system against women and the use of the law to change womens position. The text would give students a broad overview of womens legal, social and economic status, including an historical analysis of the movement and the between racism and parallels feminist sexism, Mrs. Bowman said. The 14th amendment, which guarantees all persons the equal protection of the laws, has been the consistent basis for outlawing all forms of racial discrimination, she said. But discrimination on the basis of sex has consistently been held reasonable. Such areas as employment law and aex discrimination, legal strategies for achieving remedies through litigation, and women and labor unions would be included, Mrs. Bowman said. The grant includes funds for a conference later this year designed to have scholars from across the country make suggestions as to what the text ought to cover. of the text materials will be Mrs. Eleanor Holmes Norton, chairman of the New York City Commission on Human Rights, who teaches Women and the Law at New York University; Mrs. Susan Dellar Ross, a staff attorney at the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission who teaches a similar rs course at George Washington University; and Ann Freedman, a Yale law graduate whose chief interest in law school was Women and the Law. The proposed textbook would also touch on the executive orders which forbid discrimination by federal contractors, including academic institutions. The manner in which criminal law reflects social attitudes toward a minority group would be covered under laws dealing with rape and abortion. Mrs. Bowman said the textbook team hopes to rationalize and organize the new subject area by approach. taking an We want to avoid the possibility of Women and the Law being treated as a passing fad, as some Black Studies programs are, by assuring a uniform high quality of course materials, she said. Besides at Georgetown, NYU, GWU, and Yale, courses in Women and the Law are now taught at the Chicago, Rutgers, Pennsylvania and Connecticut law schools. inter-universi- ty I t Study Finds a group of high school students engaged on group activity under controlled conditions. Results from laboratory ex- periments were checked in outside in classrooms, executive settings industrial crews, and boards, business departments. The investigations reveal that members can work for and be satisfied by the performance of their group independent of the gains they personally derive from the group's outcome. It confirms the thesis that motives are not merely to obtain personal dispositions of group members but are also satisfaction, in- clinations to achieve group success. Written for a broad spectrum of social scientists, therapists, and students, the book concludes with a practical evaluation of findings, influence on a group's aspiration as does the suitability of the suggestion in the light of members experience; social pressures from outsiders are apparently more influential if they emphasize the repulsiveness of failure than if they stress the attractiveness of success. Difficulty at task: A- harder group task is more attractive than an easier one. When members select a more challenging task, but not an unreasonably difficult one, certain events occur. The participants are more interested in what they are doing, they produce more, they have more favorable feelings about the group, - and they evaluate the groups performance better. A difficult task generates more failures than successes, but there is a greater sense of satisfaction following a success, and less sense of dissatisfaction after a failure. including: Feedback on performance of a group: When feedback is available, certain events are likely to occur. The quality of the groups productivity improves whether its activity little is simple, requiring collaboration among participants, or complex, demanding an external Mitchell Asks Congress for Bail Standards con- siderable interaction among them. The improvement in quality increases as the completeness of the feedback increases. . . It appears probable that the performance of individuals who have a stronger need to achieve success is more enhanced by this fuller feedback. . . members make a more accurate "evaluation of their group's performance. Influence on group from external sources: The level of per- formance THURSDAY, JUNE 3, 1971 Not Guilty Anyhow: agent ..suggests does not have as much Patrol Car Ride Finds Police Infractions - NEW YORK (UPI) A Yale University sociology professor says a report by college students who rode with patrolmen in Chicago, Boston and Washington shows that nearly one out of four policemen broke laws even though they knew they were being observed. Dr. Albert Reiss, speaking May 24 at a briefing on law enforcement and crime control sponsored by the Council for the Advancement of Science Writing, said the infractions ranged from neglect of duty to accepting bribes. Reiss said he showed the figures to the chiefs of all three departments and one chief, whom he did not name, exclaimed: They all ought to be fired. But Reiss said the chief said they should be fired not for having done the misdeeds, but for having done them in the presence of an outsider. Reiss said this illustrated a police subculture." In Reiss opinion, the ultimate answer to police corruption is outside police to police the local police, organized on a nationwide basis by the federal government. By and large, departmental internal policing fails because of personal loyalties and internal pressures, he said. WASHINGTON - (ACCN) - Hie Awaiting Jury Verdict, He Becomes Poet - NEW ORLEANS (UPI) Rep. Salvador Anzelmo of New Orleans and two of his business partners were found innocent May 19 of charges they conspired to defraud investors in the bankruptcy of a loan and thrift company. One of his business partners was the Louisiana attorney general and the other was a businessman from Arkansas. The case went to the jury a week earlier and during the time Anzelmo awaited its verdict, he wrote the following poem: Armed with instructions, 12 leave the room, Their footsepts muted by the defendant's gloom, The minutes at waiting have now begun, Hours will pass before its work will be done, Inside their room opinions will be shared, But no one yet knows how anyone fared, With each tick of the dock, the agony mounts, Wondering anew if their innocence counts, Aware that the evidence is now in review, They prayerfully hope that they will know what is true, Upon their judgment which the 12 will state, Rest each defendants life, each defendant's fate, Anguished is he after a life of good deeds, To see these acts buried like seeds, What will the 12 decide to do, How would you decide if it were up Department of Justice has asked Congress for new legislation to improve the administration of the bail system in federal courts. The legislation includes a proposal to permit federal judges to deny pretrial release for 60 days in cases where it has been determined in a due process hearing that a defendant will jeopardize the safety of the community. This provision applies only in cases where a defendant is charged with a dangerous or organized crime act. The legislation defines these acts as limited to loan to you, Would you condemn if the doubt sharking, racketeering, illegal sale of narcotic drugs, bombing, kid- were slight, napping, robbery and assault Frightening is the possibility that related to aircraft hijacking. the 12 just might, In announcing the legislative Painful is the thought that they N. Gen. John 14, Atty. can request, May state, Mitchell said the measure is Lets reach agreement because directed toward protecting the the hour is late, And walk back to the court with a public. He noted that members of are in crime particular verdict organized found, bond To face the defendants standing frequently able to post pre-tritheir ground, regardless of the amount. The legislative package also What is your verdict the judge will federal judges ask, proposes granting As emotion rises each face a authority to consider danger to the community in setting mask, release. conditions for pre-triThe unknown will soon be would have the pronounced, Additionally, they Some there hope that the verdict is authority to revoke a defendants release if he violates its conditions, guilty, intimidates or threatens a witness or While others pray that it will be juror, or commits another felony. not guilty, Release on bail pending appeal What will it be. would be tightened under this Soon we will see, Is it guilty, legislation and a specific statutory to Government of Or not guilty, the appeal right Not knowing the sin, release orders would be created. In addition, penalties for persons Even if you are to win. convicted for jumping bail, or of committing offenses while on First Aborigine In release, would be strengthened. The package goes to Congress as Australian Parliament amendments to the Bail Reform Act An Australian BRISBANE of 1966 and the provision for a denial a member of become has aborigine of pretrial release is proposed as a the Australian federal parliament separate bill. for the first time in this nations history. Neville Bonner, 58, won election, in Need Intent May 23, in Brisbane to fill a vacancy in the Senate, Australias upper Kidnap-Robberal non-financ- ial al y, Value Added Tax in 72 DUBLIN - A value-adde- d (ACCN) tax will be introduced in this country next January 1, replacing existing turnover and wholesale taxes. There will be three different value added rates, according to present schedules 5.26, 16.37, and 30.28 per cent all broadly in line with current tax levels. All export transactions will be exempted from the new tax. This means that no tax will be charged on delivery abroad, and that there will be a right to recovery of the full prior-stag- e tax, including the tax relating to any investment goods purchased by the exporter. The Republics adoption of the value added tax brings it in line with the countries of the European Common Market it hopes to join. Court Holds house. - SAN FRANCISCO (ACCN) In a decision unanimous the California Supreme Court has ruled that specific intent to rob must be present at the time the victim is first moved to support a conviction of kidnapping for the purpose of robbery under the States Penal Code Section 209. Pointing out that the statute was amended in 1951, the Court disapproved of earlier inconsistent decisions holding it was sufficient if the robbery took dace at any time during the course of the abduction, whatever may have been the original motive of the kidnapping. Defendant Willie Lee Tribble was convicted of several crimes including violation of Penal Code Section 209. Holding the trial court instruction in error the Supreme Court said Tribble was entitled to have the jury determine whether he intended to commit robbery. 'Hot Line for Ecology in Use - More TRENTON, N.J. (ACCN) week each New than 50 Jerseyans to to dial take the time of the environment. report abuses k Thats the number of the round-the-cloc- telephone service recently begun by the state Department of Environmental Protection to make easier and more effective the investigation and correction of complaints from the public. The Environmental Action Line bypasses of time-consumi- ng public complaints processing since the citizen channels through reports directly to the Commissioners office in Trenton, which promptly contacts the proper bureau for follow-throug- h. |