Show finances brances of progress PL 14 ogress iza se bv by alb albert ert payson on terhune F 7 all IL HENRY BESSEMER the man whose Fail failure tire won success inventor omer ya oae one morning in althe the 1114 ing ai halt ot of tile t nineteenth century ec pit gad J h itself the laughingstock of ault HI ills name was on con all lips story the tory 0 of f bis his latest folly was tid retold told amid the derision of a mc ile 11 as pointed out as a fore ned fall failure ure in life here in brief arld ae a jet effle tb t of if his odd dd fit luck tl vil 6 system la in the lir tish AT fo c offices was carried on in to th and old fashioned fashion ed vay ray bull 93 lener lemer tho though ugh litle m more ore thin 11 a ely d 1 invented an impi improved aved oved stamping ida aylce watch which was eo so excellent that eal IB 4 violte of the increased money out involved the government govern men decided a aella bar adopt it in payment hassemer t W 3 m to receive a life position as super pr 11 mii laten delat of stamps at a salary ot of r tl vii iao aw a year it was unheard 4 ct f good ig e th for or I 0 0 young a man Beast beasimer mer I 1 ita became overzealous nd ad 41 i W hi delight i alwa 11 polled bla his prospects ts by in tt I 1 naib it tle III another system whereby a tell t k old time arrangements for stamp bual 11 be bo continued at no fiyod li teea tp ea or special alteration fee in 1 otter words he be improved away feu to remits Bece salty ity or of hie his own promised po dl adol there was no longer any need creti r big the government IM aptel his big second system thereby ri bries blah rauch varae money Des bessemer re floii tirol cot got one penny f fi X the anven I 1 i and 0 and ni wae was moreover out of 0 a rth i it a year job all england 1 tn lillig iii ged hed for there la 13 scant sympathy fral fool and fool was the e mildest par d t do many terms applied to the lea hd III H tood ridicule bravely and by eus of several lesser inventions cot tori tl led paint velvet 1 mactag and im 1 movements rove ments in type casting he man or tl to support himself soon the erti i 14 i misfortune crimean war broke 2 out England alii that th t braht was luck k III 1 prepared desmer devised a tout long eole ile for use in si bora lors fafa iab government would not mhd durei tion so he carried it to france where a test was made it aal aol nf vas proven that such cast iron can toa out as a were then in use were not astmos enough to fere the new oblong lot it was declared useless ue eless and almer more people laughed at besse I 1 but bat inadvertently these two fall we well formed the foundation of hia his fu lilt tre fame and fortune had he re to calved hed the easy government job prom wd him years b before he would 1 11 I ably ly have rested content and done lit st tie for progress had hia his projectile in B he might have remained 11 mere amere cannon ball inventor when however ever the french emperor t injected his new shot on the aroun ground 4 tat oat no 00 cannon was sufficiently strong A little french boy lay sick in his bedroom one summer day in 1775 outside was a glare of sun ight but heavy shutters abutters rendered the olk Ick room gloomy and dark the white ceiling alone reflected patches dight light from holes and cracks in the moden wooden blinds tte the little invalid was joseph nice ae A e As he lay glaring staring up iril very lonely and vry eick sick be he UT a cart and horses drive slowly across cros the ceiling then a drove of 0 atie attle and after a while hia his fathers tare and that of his pet dog ali A the eun sun went under a cloud these images faded the child a botan came in and he told her of the pr arilon ilon JOU that had bad crossed hia ilia cell r W C the good woman thinking her soll raving in delirium sent post i we IWO for a doctor han nhen it was vas die dis wed red he lie was quite sane the family 1 le to the conclusion he lie had bad been cbs hut but he bad had not ke lie bad merely been side olde the first Illi apra pra in existence A chink in the builds had nerved as lens and tho the cell shad had been the plate or finder meeting ing objects passing in tho the roid the boy did not forget As be he new up his memory often returned to the strange phenomenon and h ho a be gall 1 l to figure out in his own mind the muse of it at it in n the course of ule he hit lilt upon a very fair solution c of lil ra n ills decided he set to work trying to w reproduce the process in real life ala lad to obtain some permanent linage image vf objects thus photographed after now the first many fa 10 photograph oto graph was found io in made 1827 that by coat 4 ing the surface of plate with a mixture of liv ltv aviate ilan oil and alt putting the in a arl camera and ex bollag 8 s it 1 a 10 fig S time a n very faint tr of tho the object or landscape ir of it W would bo be cast upon the anital w IN Irli developed such plates by abill nr them with a combination and lavender oil aind eat as n was wall ale ces dis discovery it Irke t for another man to put it to use thia this collaborator was jacques thaes ile cagl are tto had begun la am me a I soldier eol dle end and bad had later won ln in 0 paris as a scene painter and x tro of the griat diorama A theater roade made ia daguerre guerre poor end out of it he ile met and went with him S son sou ou att aft will rd meace died and daguerre Da suerre guarre car to fire it besmer to fand some imply simply set to work cannon 1 ire knib stronger 11 for began a little of metals but careful that time iron study of them at not railway railways steel was used for big guns and structure ire requiring nearly every metal steel hard to mako was and was far too eapen alve sive tor for comer on use few fe w men were employed tn in working on it and these used a ted teal Sons oils laborious its production process in n but bessemer was not content with the modes then in use he ile knew that steel was an alloy in bertrin ot of iron and carbon proportions and he tn invented vented the fol following loNNIng process for epding m ieng if ithe itile drove a blast ot 01 air through masses of pig iron that wag was on n process of fusing until it was cleared of carbon then bv by introducing the proper 1 ai I carbon he be found be he and d an art excellent quality of steel lie ile could thus make steel far more rapidly than that it had ever before been manufactured and at a mere fraction traction of its farmei high price he ile also found that by blowing through molten pig erwi until all its carbon was oxidized he be could produce a fine grade of malleable ual leable iron in 1850 a bessemer patented bis his steel in making aking process at once it revola industry sheffield was eng lands land a chief steel center the manufacture manufacturers ra rs there refused to take up revenge an men dessemer Des semet s I 1 d 0 a who W bt h 0 slighted and 1 6 it HIM as impracticable so he opened steel works in the same city and under sold his rivals until it brought them to terms steel became at a bound one of the world a foremost industries the united states at once took the lead in its production before Bes semera in bention our annual production of steel was about 11 36 tons A few yeara years later it had bad risen to tona tons a year bessemer was the father of steel rails ralls steel frames for sky scrapers ec steel ships steel cannon and modern armor plate his ills invention gave work to millions of men but he bad had not forgotten that early occasion when england bad had regarded d him as a fool when he lie was too rich and famous to be neglected be he demanded that the british government make him some return for the stamping device they had adopted and for which he had received no pay lie ile no longer needed the few thousand dol lara lars that represented the devices money value but be he insisted on some recognition of bis his sen serice ice according ly queen victoria made him a knight thus granting tardy reparation to the poor youth whom her official su bordin ates had once regarded as a mere butt for their jokes copyrighted CopI rIghted k the man who made sunlight work for him ried on the work ork to completion the ideas were ere practically all NIep ces but it was daguerre who got the cred it for them and who had the honor of mt hang the first successful phot photo graph he ile too it was after whom such early photographs were named for the term heliographic hello graphic picture wai was abort shortened ened to daguerreotype type the process whereby daguerre made those these first pictures was absolutely crude A sheet of silver plated copper was vas highly polished and freed from every particle of duat dust then it was as hung face downward over a saucer containing foline lo allne the fumes of the iodine formed on the surface of the plate a substance known as silver iodide which Is sensitive to light when enough of this had collected to turn the surface of an orange coor color the plate was ready for exposure and was put into the dark side of a ce cem in era the exposure itself which had formerly taken several hours u was as no now w cut down to belvi een three minutes an and d half an hour according to the light hut another difficulty confronted daguerre ho lie could not hit bit upon the right chem chemical lial for doi developing eloping his pictures one day after taking a photograph he was as called away before going he stuck the plate into a clos closet t near his big stove taking it out on his re return turn he found to his amazement a picture perfectly de developed eloped he ile wa was utterly mystified until he searched the cupboard there be he found a jar of mercury the aria wari of the closet had hod vola the mer A discovery Disco viry that i cury and the va was W made by por thus formed med accident had developed develop pd the P plate late by condensing on ucb such places as I 1 bad had been a acted eted on by the light in nearly the same sain e ration as the In teral ty of the action next the print was I 1 flied by dIPPI dippini 1117 it lt into a solution t of of soda in 1839 the first daguerreotype 1 was as exhibited other men took up the idea and improved it it in 1810 prof john W V university of new draper of 0 the york invented an improved tens lens and br it made the first sunlight picture of a human face revolutionized photography from that time further improvement was as a comparatively easy matter though an A american merican did so much tor for photography yet france rightly claims the credit t of originating the art copyrighted |