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Show AMERICAN, LOGAN. UTAH CACHE Cites Many Cows TREMENDOUS as Unprofitable Here Comes the Circus! Gorgeous! Colossal! By WILLIAM TRIFLES COMMENTS ON C. UTLEY Expert Asserts Majority of right up, folks, and see the the world Mighty STEP wonder ofMatchless Dairy Herds Too Thin In merit I magnitude to Earn Feed Majestic In magnificence The mam- CURRENT TOPICS By NATIONAL CHARACTERS I I 8 "QUOTES 1 moth marvel of the century The colossus By Prof W J Fraser, Professor of Dairy of all amusements Farming, University of Illinois. WNU Service. You've guessed It Circus days are here s About of the dairy again. cows In the United States are too Spring brings not only balmy breezes and thin to produce milk and butterfat refreshing showers, but the glamor and at the most economical and profit- glitter of the Big Top, with Its train after able rate under present feed prices. train of wonders from many lands, hunIn some sections as high as 00 per dreds upon hundreds of tons of equipment cent of the cows are too thin. acre after acre of rainproof canvas, herds With feed as scarce as It Is now, and more herds of elephants, camels, zedairymen should do just the oppo bras and zebus, scores upon scores of funsite of what many of them have ny clowns, company upon company of the been doing. Instead of milking more most remarkable exponents of physical culcows In an effort to bolster a scant ture, avenue after avenue of cages, corrals Income, dairymen should get rid of and enclosures a stupendous spectacle of all but their better cows. fairyland gorgeousness ! familiar with the fanfare Everybody If the cows thnt are naturally poor producers were sent to the of the big show, and nearly everybody has butcher and the feed thus saved given to the underfed cows, they would produce so much better that the herd profits frequently would be doubled and trebled. Yet many farmers continue to feed their good and their poor cows alike, even with feed scarce and The fact Is that the fewer the number of cows required to produce a given amount of milk, the lower the cost of maintenance for the whole herd and the more profit for the dairyman. One of the large costs of keeping dairy cows Is for the maintenance, which all goes simply to keep cows alive. It takes just as much feed to maintain a cow thnt produces only 2,000 pounds of milk In a year as It does to maintain a cow of the same weight that produces 8,000 pounds. Whatever ration Is fed, the maintenance of the cow must first be taken care of before any milk can be produced. Furthermore under average farm conditions a cow must produce at the annual rate of 4,000 pounds of milk containing 4 per cent fat, or 100 pounds of fat, to pay for all overhead expenses before there Is any milk or fat left for profit. This means that only the better producers that are properly fed can pay a good return to the herd owner. 1 By ELMO SCOTT WATSON eSSWeJeWiSHae WASHINGTON ASSASSIN" an GEORGE WASHINGTON, VJ assassin . . . Impossible I" you exclaim. But It's true. Washington himself admitted it On May 28, 1754, his Virginia militia made a surprise attack on a party of Frenchmen at Great Meadows In western Ieusylvanla. They killed ten. Including the leader, Cou-lode Jumomillc, and took twenty-on- e prisoners, who claimed thnt Jumonvllle was an envoy sent to warn the English off the French lands. Since England and France were not at war, they said the attack was a violation of International law. Papers found at the time proved that they were also scouts for a French force sent to drive the English away. Five weeks later, thnt force, commanded by Jumonvllles brother, Con-Io- n I n de Villiers, besieged Washing- ton' little army at Fort Necessity. However, Washington held out undemand for surrender was put into writing. It was a soggy, rainy day and the French note was written In a bad hand on wet and blotted paper. In It Villiers twice stated that the French were not attacking the English, blit were punishing du Sleur de Jumonvllle. This was rend to Washington by Jacob Van Braam, a Dutchman, who translated the word Tassasslnat simply as death or loss. So Washington signed the articles, not realizing thnt he was thus confessing to an assassination. It was a trilling error of Interpretation, but the French, who welcomed an excuse for war with perfidious Albion," seized upon the young colonial officer's "confession. It played no small part In bringing n the Seven Years War, til a Las-aassln- POLKA DOT TNO YOU like to wear polka dot dresses, or. If youre a man. Is a polka dot scarf your favorite necktie? If so, you cnn thank two men. One of them was a Hungarian dancing master and the other wag the first "dark horse In American political history. In 1830 that dancing master history has not preserved his name was on a walking tour In Poland. In a small village he saw a peasant girl doing a folk dance which pleased him. He brought the new steps back to Prague, and gave It the name Polka for the land of its origin. Fourteen years later over America the Democratic party was trying to nominate a candidate for President In Baltimore. There was a deadlock. Suddenly 44 votes were an nounced for James Knox Polk of Tennessee, who had served as speak' r of the house of representatives, but otherwise had a colorless political career. This started a stampede which resulted In the first selection of a dark horse in convention his tory. When the news of his nomination was made public, amnzed citizens In the Capital exclaimed, Who is Polk? As It turned out, he was the next President For he defeated Henry Clay, the Whig nominee. During the campaign, the Hungarian dancing master's new dance came Into this country. Because of the similarity of Its name to that of the Democratic nominee, It became the official campaign amusement Articles of various kinds were named for It and for him . . . and thats why we wear polka dot designs today. A CIGARETTE over a cigarette the next you smoke one. Its not so very long, nor very thick. Probably the fraction of a cent that it costs you will never be missed. But such a trifle as a smouldering cigarette costs the United States three billion dollars in fire losses every year I Experts estimate that the average smoker throw away at least a third of the cigarette, and if the little trifle Is not put out . . .1 In 1629 the Puritans tried to pass a law against the planting of tobacco. This decree was the forerunner of the whole code of prohibitive laws. It was a losing fight, however, for men liked to smoke. Massachusetts set a tax on its use. Any persons or person who shall be found smoking tobacco oo the Lords day, going to or coming from the meeting, or within two miles of the meeting house shall pay 12 pence for every such default As almost the whole community lived within the two miles of the meeting house, this caught them alL Even today there are still some Mates In the Union that forbid the sale of tobacco on Sunday. Well, it all depends on what you like. And if you like to smoke, remember the three billion dollars and put out your stubs. LOOK ft Western Newspaper U&ioo USE OF GAS IN WAR By CAPTAIN G. J. FISHER Chemical Warfare Service. three-fourth- THE high-price- THE hlgh-protel- n flower. In 1921 New York fnrmerg used 184.000 tons of soil liming materials, By 1930 this had climbed to 191.000 tons, but since then the annual lime tonnage has declined rap- Idly to 95,000 tons, partly estt mated, In 1934. Economic conditions explain this severe drop In the use of lime. Drouth-Resista- nt Plants After searching the deserts and foothills of Russian Turkestan and most of Turkey for plants to conH. L. Westover trol and C. R. Enlow, plant explorers of the United States Department of Agriculture, have returned after seven mouths with nearly 1,800 seedlings. Among them Is a desert grass which, uprooted by the wind, grabs hold again when It lands. Another, a kind of sedge. Is propaLitgated only from erary Digest Feeding Potatoes to Cattle It makes little difference whether potatoes are cooked or fed raw to cattle. It Is well to take the precaution, however, of slicing them to avoid the danger of choking, as cattle are apt to swallow potatoes or roots whole. Potatoes will not be quite as useful as turnips, though In small amounts they may replace the latter feed. Cows In milk should not be fed over 20 pounds per day, larger amounts tend to make poor quality of butter. Potatoes are not usually satisfactory horse food. Deep Furrows Nearly 100,000 people have settled on farms In Canada In the last three years, The average farm In Idaho has 21 acres, or 9 2 per cent of Its area, In woodland. Most of the breakage In the leather parts of harness starts from cracks. Well oiled leather will not crack. Creston, in southern British Columbia, boasts of a hog which weighs 449 pounds and when slaughtered gave 60 pounds of lard. Top, Estralla Nelson, Elephant Trainer, With One of Her Pachyderms. Center, Clyde Beatty Returns to Conquer Samson, Lion Who Laid Him Up for Sixteen Week. Below, the Circus Moves Into Town. phant and the first to be born In captivity. Barnum openly declared the tiny (?) newcomer a humbug and sent Bailey a telegram offering him $100,000 for proof. Bailey had the telegram reproduced and used It for an advertising poster with such financially successful results that Barnum gave up and bought Into partnership with his rival for a large sum, and the Barnum and Bailey combine became the first great circus. Ringling Brothers opened In 1SS4 and eventually absorbed the older circus In 1907. There were other names which to Importance: grew gradually John Robinson, oldest of them all ; Sells-Flot- d Proposed Urges Generous Use of Lime for Alfalfa, Clover seen a circus at some time In his life, but few are really acquainted with the extent of the circus Industry In America today or are fully aware of the job of producing one. Job that Is far more stupendous and colossal than the show Itself. Yet the American circus Is more than a century and a half old. The first circus fan on record In this country Is none other than George Washington, who Is something of a stupendous figure himself as history goes. The Father of Ills Country attended the first performance of a circus In the United States, In Philadelphia In 1792. It was small show compared to the modern circus. It had no menagerie; the principal attraction advertised by its owner, one John Bill Seven Beautiful Ricketts, were Women." Ricketts circus was born amid plenty of opposition. The circus in general lg a hangover from the palmiest days of the Roman emIt began cleanly enough, pire. with chariot races (no doubt considerably more spirited than those which still remain as an Important part of the circus), athletic contests, and gladiatorial combat, but Roman capacity for thrills was not well enough satisfied and eventually helpless Christians were thrown into the arena to do battle against helpless odds with lions and warriors. Mighty Barnum Appears. This preserved through the ages an unsavory name Indeed for all circuses, and when John Bill Ricketts captured the Imagination of the young Republic with the first announcements of his show, righteous Indignation flared widely forth from pulpit and press. Human nature then must have been something like It Is now, however, for this opposition served only to whet the public Interest, and there have always been circuses In America from that time. And every President since Washington has attended the circus. The Big Top, the huge show of several trainloads of equipment and participants, as we know It today, did not make Its start until the Immortal hand of Phlneas T. Barnum took hold In 1SS0; even Barnum did not enter the circus until he was past sixty. At that time he was running a freak museum In New York and a man named Bailey was operating a menagerie which seriously competed for the dollar of the sucker that was "born every minute." Bailey announced a "blessed event In 1S80 that would have startled even Walter Winchell a baby pachyderm born to his female ele is not much II- 1 The time has come when much larger use of lime for clover and alfalfa can no longer be put off, according to Prof. A. F. Gustafson at Cornell. To do so, he said, would result In failure or low yields of these hay crops. Clover and alfalfa are Important aids In maintaining yields of other feed crops and In economical feeding of dairy cows. Even the ancients knew something about the benefits of lime on certain crops, and It Is not a new practice In New York state. The soils of a large part of the state need lime at the present time for good growth of red and alslke clover, and for such crops as alfalfa, sweet clover, cabbage, and cauli- The true purpose ernment made with the buyers of Washington. of the Investigation by the senate those securities. munitions commit-Ligh- t likely to be fought on The effort to tax Income from on tee a p p e a r s to a chemical basis than the last. these securities has been worked to come have We don't expect the number of Nye Inquiry out in a fashion light. It is seeking deaths from chemicals to be mateIt How Is better that honor the of legislation drafting rially greater than In the last war. which will ghe It a historical standWould Work ustrated than deThe military effort required to fined. Assume ing as the group of men who brst fly chemicals against cities Is such moved to remove the incentive of that a corporation had Invested a It is that doubtful whether military as provocative of war. In large portion of its surplus or recommanders would feel justified In profit bonds. The its proposal to this end, serves in presenting directing men and materials to that however, the committee Is regarded bill proposes first to limit the purpose. as having started something amount of income which that corThe progress made in developing which It Is unlikely can be finished poration may receive and to tax gases since the World war has not by the group of individual senators half of the remainder. The result been as great as the general public seis that income from making up that committee. has been led to fear. Those who curities would be mingled with othWhen the Investigating resoluer forms of Income and the governpoint out that one ton of mustard tion was adopted by the senate. Its ment would gas Is capable of killing 30,000,000 dip its hand Into the confuss about much sponsors made people run dead up against the fact ditions In the munitions industry total and take whatever amount the that In the World war a ton of this There were law prescribed. many speeches made by gas actually killed but three perAnother provision of the bill Senator Nye (Rep, N. D.) concernsons. In government confising the wickedness of munitions would result and in the course of cation in wartime of every dollar of manufacturers, CUBAN DIFFICULTIES those speeches, which were made Income that any official of any corBy SUMNER WELLES In a score of different communities, poration, company or partnership Assistant Secretary of State. Senator Nye announced conclusions received In excess of $10,000 per solution of their which apparently have not been year. It Is to be remembered here $10,000 difficulties lies now supported by evidence adduced by that the would not he Those solely in Cuban hands. We the committee Investigators. Furhave abrogated the Platt amendment. ther, the senator announced plans drawing such salaries still would to disclose alleged corruption among have to pay the government $2,800 We have renounced the rights of inIn taxes on the $10,000 Income. In tervention which we had previously the munitions manufacturers and other words, since nearly every one the thnt stated purpose definitely we emand It have made secured, salaries of this size serves phatically clear that this govern- of the inquiry was to provide the receiving in an official capacity with some control which basis for would laws ment would Interfere neither directcommercial unit the tax provision them. ly nor Indirectly In the internal Now, after seven months, we look actually reaches nearly all of the concerns of the Cuban people. on the committees record and Individual Income tax payers. When any people has suffered back find that It has played a game of Certainly, the drastic rates affect economic coincident prostration all persons receiving any income with a political dictatorship, and hop skip and jump from one subject conof consequence because there is a the dictatorship is overthrown by to another and, I believe, the sensus Is that little of real value sharp reduction in the personal exinevIs it almost popular uprising, to the senate or as public Inemption prescribed and the tax itable that for a period of time either rates themselves are boosted higher been developed. has formation that country will pass through varySince there was the minimum of than a kite. For instance, a married ing stages of political unrest. publicity resulting from the Inquiry man with an income of $3,000 a into munitions plants, shipbuilding year would have to pay a minimum PENDING RAIL LAWS yards and the aircraft industry, the of $300 to the government ImmediBy W. W. ATTERBURY committee hns taken another tack. ately war was declared. President Pennsylvania Railroad. Seizing upon President Roosevelts legislation, if phrase that profits must be taken The lethargy that continues among inan place out of war. Senator Nye and his national Republican leaders Is besupportable burden upon the colleagues turned their ginning to grow railroads without advantages to the "experts loose on the track of Criticize Irksome upon emplojees. Any treatment of their those Illusive profits. The result Is nor wheelhorsea problems which omitted consideraa piece of proposed legislation that and individual Retion of the overhanging threat to goes beyond anything ever offered publicans of lesser consequence la the Integrity of the Industry, would before In the way of tax legislation. national affairs. Word Is coming be tantamount to the destruction of Of course. It is entirely likely that through to Washington from variefforts looking toward recovery In nothing at all will come of the Nye ous sections of the country Indicatthe field of railroad transportation. bill Insofar as Improvement of our ing considerable dissatisfaction witlx Such legislation would mean ultitaxation methods Is concerned. But the management of Republican mately less employment In the rail- Its radical and altogether unwork- party affairs by the present regime, road industry rather than an in- able character Is looked upon as headed by Henry P. Fletcher, nacrease In employment, as contend- necessitating a frank examination tional chairman. There is likewise-ed by the sponsors of this legisla- of Its provisions. growing volume of criticism of tion. Because the committee started the work of Senator Hastings of out to Investigate the munitions In- Delaware, and Representative BolONLY PASSING PHASE dustry and notwithstanding the fact ton of Ohio, Joint chairmen of that since It has wandered all over senatorial congressional By ANDREW W. MELLON Pittsburgh Banker. the surface of the earth with Its committee. one does not Inquiry there Is a widespread beI dont believe anybody can foreEVEN atthe80, gift of prophecy, lief that Its tax bill will apply only cast at this time what the result to the munitions Industry during Is going to be. It should be said In but I look forward to seeing the return to normal conditions again war time. Such Is not the case. It favor of Mr. Fletcher and goes far beyond the munitions Inwithin my own time. Hastings and Bolton that they America Is going through a bad dustry and, Indeed, It affects every are In a tough spot. They are critiand every Individual cized If they do and criticized If quarter of an hour, but present con- corporation with an Income of $1,000 or more. they dont Yet the fact remnlnsand ditions, however distressing, espeI think It Is recognized everywhere cially in terms of human suffering, tax pro- that none of these three has taken Probably the Flynn-Nyreflect only a passing phase In our posal wont get anywhere at all. a positive position nor has he Inhlstoiy. Certainly It will itiated any constructive effort In beNew generations are coming on tlynn-Ny- e not be enacted In half of his and new Inventions and the adpartys political future. this session of Tax Bill vance In human Intelligence will From among Republicans who yet Never- remain In congress. solve many problems that now seem congress, I have picket! theless, when a senate committee Insurmountable. much private discussion Indicatup seriously Introduces a bill that ing fear on their part that the Rewould limit Income of a corporation publican party management Is faced OUR TAX BURDEN to 3 per cent of Its peace-timcapiwith an upheaval equivalent to the By MARK GRAVES talization the government would New York Commissioner of TaxaRoosevelt New Deal among the take the rest by taxation It Is retion and Finance. Democrats unless the party leaders 1929 the national income garded by many as time to call a awaken from their unperturbed halt It ought to be added here The made most frewhile that obviously $90,000,000,000, the country Is faced sleep. Is point that President Roosevelt quently last year it had fallen to about with the highest taxes It has ever has Inaugurated his cam$45,000,000,000. The tax burden in known In consequence of the tre- actually for and the Repubeach year was approximately mendous spending that has been paign licans are doing absolutely nothing I believe It should be going on during the Inst two years about it. It Is well to recall that obvious that we are suffering today and which Is to be continued. These Postmaster General Farley Is planbecause nearly our taxes of are due to come along within ning to retire just when nobody Income Is taken for taxes of one another year or two. kind or another, direct or Indirect, I referred above to the 3 per cent knows to devote his attention to his other job Is chairman of whereas the share was only about limit on incomes of the Democratic National committee. of our income at the be- This Is brought about corporations. through a tax This information can be construed of 50 per cent on the first 6 ginning of the depression. per cent of earnings of every corpora- In only one way now that Mr. FletARMS FOR PEACE tion. Above the 6 per cent earn- cher Is getting ready to take his seat again at the helm of the camings It Is proposed In the Flynn Nye By ADOLPH HITLER paign machine. Some of the smarter German Chancellor. bill to take 100 per cent of the Republicans Insist that this should in this hour the German total. be notice to the guiding lights of FOR Tucked away, in one section of renews before the bill is language that Is ordina- their own party to begin constructhe German people, before the, tion of political trenches. rily referred to as a "Joker. It repentire world, its assurance of its de- resents Something may come of the Rethe first conattempt by termination never to proceed beyond gress, rather by the sponsors of this publican sectional meetings now bethe safeguarding of German honor legislation, to circumvent exemp. ing planned. It Is Just possible that and freedom of the relch, and es- tlon of out of these group discussions may government securities from renot Intend in pecially does It taxation. The federal, state, munic- be evolved some national program, inor the makings of a national policy. arming Germany to create any ipal, county and other governmental strument for warlike attack, but, to jurisdictions have the power to Is- It Is likewise possible that from the contrary, exclusively for defense sue bonds and other securities free these group discussions some Indiand thereby for the maintenance of from taxation. This makes such se- vidual may arise who would be a peace. worthwhile leader for the party curities attractive. For quite while there has been agitation to against Mr. Roosevelt next year. To PERMANENCE FOR CCC date, according to all of the Infordo away with this tax exemption ROOSEVELT By PRESIDENT privilege. Nobody has found a way mation I can obtain, that leader Is IS my earnest hope that however, to get legislative bodies to not in sight. Senator Arthur of Michigan, who was rethe work carried on by the enact the necessary provisions Into elected to the senate last year In law. we So, have Civilian Conservation corps will something like fifty billions of dollars In securities the midst of a Democratic landslide, find a permanent place in our govhas been suggested. of this type outstanding. If this ernment But to forget the weaknesses of Income were taxable, of course Only In that way can the nation, it the would represent a considerable InRepublicans Id leadership does future through generations, enjoy the full benefit of what already has crease In revenues to the federal not cause one to forget the palpable failure made by those in charge been accomplished and the full government through Income levies at present. So far as the public measure of all that ultimately will Thus It Is stated the Flynn-Nypro posal Is attempting to reach that record shows they have taken no be achieved. Income without actually advantage whatsoever of vulnerable WNU Service violating the contract which the issuing gov spots In the New Deal armor, next war Hagenbeck-Walluce- , G. Barnes, Sparks and others. A1 Just before the crash of 1929, John Ringling formed the American Circus corporation and bought them all Within the next three years he retired all but Ringling Brothers-Barnuand Bailey, Hagenbeck-Wallacand A1 G. Barnes. Ringling, however, was doomed. He borrowed heavily In order .to gain a monopoly of the circus industry ; w hen the depression came he could not meet the payments. His New York creditors, headed by S. W. Gumpertz, a Coney Island over took concessionaire, the American Circus corporation and Ringling was only a name under the Big Top. Few spectators realize the magnitude of the activity In the winter quarters of a circus. Here are the railroad shops which must keep all the rolling equipment In shape. There must be a great harness shop, painting shops (for fresh, glittering paint must go on every square Inch of equipment every year) and costume factories, as well as barns and stalls for the animals and stages and arenas for the rehearsing of 200 or more acts. The place Is seething with activity. Only three localities In the United States are used for winter quarand Cole ters; Hagenbeck-Wallacwinter In Peru, and Brothers Rochester, Ind., respectively, which are only a few miles apart. Ringling winters In Sarasota, Fla., and Barnes, on the Pacific coast where the show is best known. The Indiana location Is considered best, because of proximity to centers of hay and food supply. Food bills for animals of any one of these circuses may run from $30,000 a year e e up. Look Like Circus War. With the coming of an Independent circus for the first time In years, the American Circus corporation Is apparently trying to get ahead of It In bookings. Both Hag and Cole Brothers opened in Chicago on the same day for the same run, and concurrent bookings are In evidence elsewhere In the schedules. Showmen say it may be another of the old time circus wars. Circuses open In the manufacturing centers first, usually about the middle of April. They wait till the farmers have cashed in on crops before swinging out Into the areas; when they do. they follow the route of cash crop harvest. Drouth and dust storms will, accordingly, cut down their schedules In the west central states. Dayton, Columbus, Detroit, Baltimore, Norfolk, Houston and Dallas are considered great circus towns, for the Big Top Is always jammed there, whether the people seem to have money or not. In an average season of 30 weeks with 170 stands, the average circus plays to 800,000 people who create a gross revenue estimated at well over $1,000,000. Large circuses carry from 600 to of 1,600 peolpe, about whom are performers. Usually, the first railroad section leaves a town before the show Is over. Meats for the giant cats are shipped from the stockyard towns a week In advance to keep the show supplied. Day for animals and food for humans are bought by advance agents who enter a town two weeks before the circus. The shows carry their own staffs of detectives, dentists, doctors, nurses and teachers for the children. Tastes Change Little. Years have made little difference In the tastes of the public Buffalo BUI In Its circus fare. Cody and his Wild West show were great drawing cards, whtlt the old man lived, and there are still wild West acts in the circuses Lillian Leltzel, whose of today. beauteous form caused many a palpitation of the heart, as It dangled from a flying ring in mld-alIs dead now, but the Flying Nelsons, Conchlta and others, have taken her place and still form a large part of the bllL Our fathers and some of ns can remember when little boys Innocently took Jobs watering the elephants In return for passes and found themselves with a Job more backbreaking and more endless than that of Slndbad carrying the Old Man of the Sea. King of the menagerie today Is Clyde Beatty, who makes his animal training doubly dangerous by putting three dozen or more lions and tigers, who are born with a natural hatred for each other, through their paces at the same enbeck-Wallac- e one-thir- d r. time. . Western NW8Daor Ualoa. a e e IN one-nint- rg IT e fix Western Newspaper Unlow. |