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Show CACHE AMERICAN. LOGAN. UTAH Imported Asphalt No Longer Needed Petroleum Refineries Now Supply Country. ('U. S. ( Government Pay Roll Lists 6,500,000 London. The Garden of Eden Is to bloom again after centuries of desert-lik- e aridity. A firm of London engineers Is backing the romantic project which at an estimated cost of $5,000,000 will transform the "Asphalt is recovered from the crude black oils of Mexico, South America, California, and some of present barren wastes of the fields by a simple the traditional site of the Biblical distillation process. Solvents such garden In Asia Minor Into a as gasoline, kerosene and gas oils luxuriant flowering land. are boiled off In the still, leaving Plans call for a giant dam asthe black, sticky, across the River Tigris. By conphalt behind. As the oily constitutrolling the flow of the Tigris, ents of asphalt can also be boiled engineers expect to Irrigate the off, It Is a simple matter to produce land so It will again be produca finished asphalt cement of any tive. of hardness. degree As soon as the spring floods Native asphalts, such as those of have subsided, work on the dam Trinidad and Venezuela, have been will begin. The whole project produced over long periods of time will take three years to In nature's laboratory or refinery. The original petroleuqj In which they occurred was subjected to a slow process of evaporation which Rattler Broke Fast and Died eventually removed the lighter solPete," rattleRaleigh, N. C. vent oils. Asphalt also occurs In snake on exhibit at tbe State mucertain sandstones and limestones, seum here, fasted for a year. He and In a very brittle form known broke his long fast with an s as Gllsonlte, In Colorado." rat It was fatal. One more product Washington. 'which the United State formerly 'Imported from abroad Is now at 'most entirely manufactured 'home. Recent statistics of the ifulted States bureau of mines s show that more than of the asphalt used In this country Is made at petroleum refineries, and only 1 per cent Is derived from native deposits occurring In various parts of the world, such as the famous pitch lake on the Island of Trinidad, British West Indies. "Asphalt, whether natural or artificial, Is a black, sticky substance famed for countless centuries as a hinder, preservative, and waterproofing material, says the NationNative asal Geographic society. phalt, or pitch, was employed by the ancient Egyptians for Impregnating mummy wrappings, while Assyrian bontmen daubed It on the aides of their circular gufas. Nebuchadnezzar used asphalt to smooth the streets of Babylon for charithe wheels of his ots, but many centuries were to pass before the world rediscovered asphalt's weathering qualities and the ease with which It can be com- Attorney General Finds bined with other paving materials. Public Demands Action. Today asphnlt Is the binding mes dium for an estimated Washington. Declaring the govof American city streets havernments war on crime must go ing pavements of a higher grade on and must succeed, Attorney than untreated macadam. General Homer S. Cummings apMany pealed to the American people to In that part of the United States continue support. Mr. Cummings said: public works $000,000,000 highway There Is no doubt tliat crime, In or now under completed, program Its modern phase In the United s construction, nearly of all highway types above the class States presents a most sweeping of untreated gravel or stone roads challenge to our national pride, a are of asphnlt, or use asphalt ns a challenge to the prestige of govbinding medium. An equal per- ernment Itself. Moreover, It Is a challenge that centage of all airport surfacing better than plain earth, gravel or cinders consists of the same material. "Property and life Itself are beCROCHET AND KNIT ing made safer along the turbulent nr CIikrikc NimoiJia Mississippi where, only this year, U. S. army engineers believe they X,, have solved the century-olproblem of revetting the banks to keep the stream In Its channel. Great, tough waterproof mats, Impregnated with asphalt, have been laid from low waterline out to the channel, thus literally paving the river bed. While an ally of modernity, asphalt also serves as an antidote for modernitys chief nuisance noise. Twentieth-centurnerves are smoothed by noiseless asphnlt floors and sidewalks, and the qualities of asphalt-treateroofs and walls. Radio studios use the product extensively. The sports world Is served by resilient asphalt surfaces for tennis and handball courts, and playgrounds. The arena of the Madl-eoSquare garden bowl. In New York, Is of asphnlt construction throughout the first place of Its kind ever built. Versatility for Industrial purposes Is demonstrated by the use of asphnlt for battery box walls, In the enamel of automobile hoods and for moisture-proo- f Shipping containers. Asphnlt yields a protective paper for wrapping and Is an essential In tree surgery. "From the work-- day field of Industry to the realm of art Is an easy Jump for this resilient substance. Asphalt Is employed In molding compounds for bas reliefs, We all like to ring changes on frames and other plastic forms. our wardrobe with a wide variety Composition a Mystery. of hats and trimmings. Tills is posthe exact chemical sible, however small your clothes Although composition of asphalt Is not budget, If you set to work nnd fashknown, chemists have found that ion this set crocheted (the neckit consists of a very complex mix- piece) and knit (the hat) of mers ture of and their cerized crochet cotton. The hat Is a derivatives. Certain new version of the beret and the colof these compounds are heavy, oily lar follows the prevailing mode for bodies, which hold the harder, solid high necklines. Color contrast Is Inconstituents In solution. The oily troduced In the lighter trimming on bodies give plasticity, and the the collar, which matches the dashharder bodies provide waterproofing ing ornament perched over one eye. find cementation. The other hat, which Is called the nine-tenth- To Make Garden of Eden Bloom Again euor-mou- Crime Fight to Go On, Says Cummings three-quarter- three-quarter- jr d y n a hydro-carbon- Exciting Winter Sport at cannot be met unless our people are determined that It shall be met. Demand for Action. Continuing, the attorney general assorted : Public opinion has at last begun to assert Itself In the field of crime. It Is not an opinion that Impinges alone upon the federal government It begins to affect all governmental authorities throughout the nation, whether their Jurisdiction be great or small. .Striking vigorously at Inferior criminal magistrates, such as Justices of the pence, the attorney general cited many difficulties besetting enforcement officers. These, he said. Include magistrates who do not know the law, others who owe their positions to political considerations, petty Jealousies between enforcement agencies and Incompetence of untrained police 1. officers. Urges Urging states to establish their own departments of Justice, bringing all enforcement agencies of each state Into a machine, he declared one of the major problems on which he Is enof fedgaged concerns eral and state agencies. He said: "I have long visioned the day when the Department of Justice should be not only a agency, but an effective force, stimulating activity In many quarters. There is no reason why our existshould ing school of Instruction not be amplified so that Intelligent and serious minded representatives from (lie various state and municipal law enforcement agencies may have an opportunity to come to Washington nt certain Intervals, to study with us and to our mutual advantage, these fasmatters cinating and Important which are the common concern of all good citizens. Jail Rats Wear Prison Garb Allentown, Ta. Rats In the Allentown city Jail are "dressed up iu true prison style with white stripes around their gray bodies. Police said that one of the prisoners paints the rats la his spare moments. harlequin hat, was Inspired by Schiaparelli. It Is easy for anyone to crochet and easier to wear. The jaunty little peak on top and the fuzzy tassle make it youthful and flattering. It Is made of a thread, firm and but glossy and smooth to the touch. A hat like this, either In spring or fall colors. Is Indispensable to the sportswoman. St. Moritz Chester C. Davis. 2. Harry L. Hopkins. tions like that may or not look like an attractive menu to you and me, but 23,500,000 of our Inspired citizens are eating It or something like It every day, and all of us are paying $100,000,000 a month just for the salaries of the chefs. We may not be paying cash, but were at least signing tbe checks and sooner or later we'll have to make them NRA good. Bureaucracies of theNewDeal have added more than 116, 000 employees to the executive department alone, that Is the amount of increase since February 28, 19,3.1, just before the New Deal administration came Into power. It la estimated that approximately 6,500,000 persons are on the lists who receive salaries and other payments from the government, from President Franklin D. Roosevelt down the line through the long rolls of executives and workers to the least of the millions who are dependent upon the Federal EmerThis gency Relief administration. body says that the average family of four persons has hut one wage earner In 1L This would seem to Indicate that 23,500,000 persons are either wholly or partly depending upon the national government for support. That Is one out of every five in the nation. The Public Works administration under Secretary of the Interior Harold L. lekes employs 400,000 directly, Itself, and Indirectly gives employment to another 2,000,000 on its various projects. Regular routine employees of the government, which Include the White House, congress, the departments and miscellaneous commissions, and some of the Independent agencies created by the New Deal, account for 6SO.OOO. Many Are Employed. Congress Itself, which votes all the money for the administrations spending, employs less than 2,000 persons, 1,903 for the house of representatives and S05 for the senate. Employees of the national labor relations board, listed as a "regular branch of the government, total Military employees are more than 3. Donald Richberg. 4. Harold lekes. more than $1,200,000,000 a year, the salaries of the executive department civil branch now surpass one-thir- d of the total annual revenues of the United States. By WILLIAM C. UTLEY MENU FOR TODAY Little Pig Sausage AAA Sunshine Salad NRA Plum Pudding PWA 622,-77- L 210,000. Federal relief rolls account for 19,000,000, of whom there are single persons and 4,500,000 families. The Civilian Conservation corps or as It Is officially named, the Emergency Conservation Work organization which Is one of the early comers of the new bureaus, created under the direction of Robert Fechner on April 5, 1933, employed at the Inst reckoning 3S3,-- 7 750,-00- 0 OS. Devotees of winter sports In Switzerland get a lot out of which is a combination of horse racing and skiing. It is fast and exhilarating, and also It offers opportunity to those who like to place a bet .now and then. At last after years a social security program is before Social congress. And now that It Is before Security congress there Is a brand new outburst of talk, because It seems the social secur-er- s fice It to say that all through the bill as It now wends its way through never can agree among themselves. The result is that leadership in the house and In the senate Is trying vainly to follow administration Instructions, and has run afoul of all kinds of difficulties. The end Is not yet, but it Is safe to say without fear of any necessity for retraction that the social security program will not go back to President Roosevelt as a law la the form It was presented as an administration bill I find everywhere among those not charged with responsibility for the social security legislation that there Is much confusion and lack of understanding as to what the President has proposed. It Is easily understood. Any time that It requires thirty thousand words to explain a piece of legislation obviously that legislation must be comTo comprehend what tbe plex. length of Mr. Roosevelts social security message Is, It Is only necessary, I think, to remind renders that the message with Its explanation would fill approximately thirty-fiv- e columns of an ordinary newspaper. Many persons naturally will fall asleep before they wade through that much material. But, let us attempt tosummarlze the social security bill. It provides, first, for a national system of compulsory old age Insurance; contributory second, It authorizes appropriations to be used as federal subsidies (plain gifts) to the Individual states to help them pension the aged who cannot be brought under an Insurance system predicated upon their service In commerce and Industry and third, a voluntary system of old age annuities Is set up. The system of compulsory contributory old age Insurance Is designed to protect those who are no longer able to work, but who have done their turn on the payrolls of Industry. An old age fund Is set up In the treasury of the United States. Initially the money comes from the treasury, but thereafter there Is a tax operating on payrolls of all those who employ workers In numbers exceeding four. This tax will start Januaiy 1, 1937, at a rate of 1 per cent. It is increased to 2 per cent as of January 1, 1942; 3 per cent as of January 1, 1947 ; 4 per cent as of January 1, 1902, and 5 per cent after January 1, 1937. The employer pays the tax, but he collects half of it by a deduction from the payroll of the individual worker. The age of sixty-fivyears Is fixed as the time when a worker shall retire and receive this pension. The pensioner can receive as much as If the Individual dies $30 a month. before retirement, his dependents receive back the amount paid In In his behalf. As a part of the old age pension system the legislation sets up an old age fund In which workers may purchase an annuity, but they never may acquire more than a total of $9,000 maturity value the ultimate amount from which their Income may be Increased. Then there is the ranch discussed unemployment insurance. This also Is predicated upon a tax on Industrial payrolls, but It Is a state That is, the federal proposition. government Is attempting to encourage Individual states to enact legislation which will protect the worker In periods such as that through which we have passed since 1929. In other words, this phase of the to cause legislation Is designed workers and their employers to lay aside a certain percentage of their Income while they are employed to be used when times are hard. There are countless subdivisions In the bill, none of which are simple, that seek to protect the many who for one reason or another do not qualify under the general terms of the legislation. For Instance, aid to dependent children Is provided. Federal health subsidies a kind of health Insurance Is proposed. Maternity aid Is arranged, and extraordinary cases are covered, such as aid to crippled children. There are other subdivisions much too Intricate to analyze here for the reason that their application Is decidedly lfmlted. The drafters of the legislation sought to cover all. Whether they have done so can be determined only after the legislation has been Id operation some years. was not unlike the conversations between Amos and Andy, the radio comedians, for there Is five million, three million, twenty million, seventy-eight million and so on through the list Yet It Is not the money phases that constitute the difficulties in the legislation as the leaders in congress see them. The bill sets up ao Intricate system of administration against which even the present far flung, list of New Deal agencies pales into Insignificance First, there Is the ponderous organization for administration to be created here In Washington. Beneath that there are state organizations In every state, regional and county organizations and even city administrative bureaus. I think It takes no stretch of the Imagination to foresee how many workers will be necessary to do Just the plain chores of keeping a record of all the Individuals on the government payrolls, federal and state, for administration of this legislation. Here In Washington, we will have a social insurance board, a group of three members, receiving $10,000 a year each and serving for six years. The federal emergency relief administrator will have duties to perform In conjunction with the social insurance board as well as apart from It. This Is not all. The secretary of the treasury Is charged with the management and Investment of all of the monies under the various funds and It Is he who must see that they are properly disbursed. Washington. of talking, The executive department, with Its alphabetical bureaus, now boasts more emplojees than at auy other time In the countrys history, save the World war years. Last October the payroll passed the mark of $100,000,000 monthly, tbe official figure released by the civil service commission being $101,SSS,573. At It is In the executive branch of the government, of course, where virtually all of the "bureaus and administrations and commissions lie. Else they could not have so efficiently accomplished their pose of centralizing the authority and responsibility as they have done. What all of these bureaus are and what they are intended to do are shown by charts and outlines In the United States government manual recently released with a cover message from the President himself which reads: Only through a clear understanding by every citizen of the objectives, organization and of the government availability agencies can they render truly effective service and assure progress toward economic security. Rather Mystifying. The average citizen who learned the structure of his government in the schoolroom of the days before NRA is apt to become a bit befuddled, If not altogether punch drunk, after fingering the pages of this manual, however. The manual, provided in loose-lea- f form, so that more pages can be added as more bureaus are created. Indicates that no less than 51 such additions have been made by the present administration as nearly as I could count them; there are so many "wheels within wheels." I am Inclined to think the average citizen might close the book, gaze thoughtfully over Its green cover Into space and murmur, My, my, how smart must be the folks at the helm to keep track of all these things. The AAA, or Agricultural Adjustment administration, under the direction of Chester C. Davis, which was approved by the President, May to promote national eco12, 1933, nomic recovery by restoring the power of American purchasing farmers to the level It occupied In the five years preceding the World has 6.6S3 emwar ployees on Its payroll. The Farm Credit administration (not a New Deal product, since it was created In 1923, but an outlet of plenty of the New Deals easy money) em0 ploys 6,6S3 persons. Of the easy money let loose by government bureaus during 1934, It dispersed $1,827,000,000. Employed In the actual agencies of the PWA are 4,999 persons, all striving for the reduction of unemployment and the restoration of purchasing power through the construction of useful public works and the encouragement of long range planning In the field of public works. nOLC, the Home Owners Loan the by supervised corporation, ) FHI-B(Federal Home Loan aDd organized June 13, 1933, with an ultimate view of loaning $3,000,000,000 to assist in the emergency financing of 1,000,000 homes, spent $2,059,000,000 in 1934, and has stopped loaning money. It still employs 20,533 persons in Its agencies. (1909-1914- $3,000,-000,00- Bank-board- 5. Jesse H. Jones. Another billion may be granted HOLC by congress. Codes and Codes. The NRA itself employs 3,993 In its agencies, not among them, however, one Gen. Hugh S. Johnson, who has called the Blue Eagle dead as the dodo, which Is extinct, and who has written a book and several magazine articles about what is wrong with NRA. Administering NRA codes for business might well keep many more persons than that busy, a perusal of the government manual suggests. Listed there are more codes than you can shake a stick at, even if It happens to be a very big stick. Theyre Donald It. Richbergs worry now, not the fiery general's. Some of them are interesting to contemplate. Another large payroll is that of the Tennessee Valley authority, which Is spending a billion dollars In irrigation, Hood prevention, soil erosion and power development projects on the Tennessee river. The FERA (Federal Emergency Relief commission), administered by Hurry L, Hopkins, spent $2,000,000,-00last year, some of It in payment of the bills of the CWA; Jesse II. Jones, and the RFC disbursed a total of $G32,000,000 ; the FAA,$573,-000,00and the CCC, $372,000,000. Many of the bureaus have been added only during the past year. Among these are the ECU (Federal Credit Union system) ; FCC (Federal Communications commission) ; NPPO (National Power Policy commission) ; NMB (National Mediation board) ; RRB (Railroad Retirement board) ; NAE (National Archives establishment) and Its subsidiary; NAC (National Archives council) ; TVAC) Tennessee Valley Associated Inc.) ; FAC (Federal Aviation commission) ; SAB (Science Advisory board), which was .created with authority . . to appoint committees to deal with special problems In various departments, a function which ought to be the very acme of the Alphabet Soup industry) ; FCA (Farm Credit administration) ; FFMC (Federal Farm Mortgage corporation) ; FHA (Federal Housing administration) ; NRB (National Resources board) ; CES (Committee on Economic Security) ; NLRB (National Labor Relations hoard) ; TWAB (Textile Work Assignment boards), and NSt-RSteel Labor (National Relations board). What 1935 will bring In the way of augmentation of the bureaucracy will begin to reveal Itself in a few The President has anweeks. nounced that he himself will administer the $4,S(X),000,000 which he recently demanded from congress to be used for work relief purposes. Although he has said that he will name an advisory board to assist him, New Dealers were emphatic in the declaration that It Is the President who will have the last word about expenditures of the fund. Continuation of the rich New Deal menu will no doubt create new rugged Individual gas pains for the especially as the food gets more expensive. 0 0, B . Western Newspaper Union e legislative channels are frequent either Is appropriated or authorized to be appropriated In the future. One was covered the money phases of the bill the other day with a remark that It paragraphs where money In congress, considerable Jealousy has arisen among committee chairmen, party horses and those who would enjoy Aroused being administration spokesmen. Some of them, It hardly need be said, believe their political salvation lies In following the administration blindly and In addition there Is another segment of legislators who keep their eyes on the historical significance of passing events. This group wants to have a leading part tn enactment of the social security legislation because, It must be said, this Is the greatest of all experiments undertaken at any time by the American From lobby conversagovernment tion it ts perfectly evident that there are many men In the house and senate who would be willing to retire to whatever rewards their political service has given them only to become known as the father of the social security legislation. This condition has precipitated humorous circumstances. several Senator Wagner of New York sponsored the legislation In the senate and Representative Lewis of Maryland proposed It In the house. Senator Wagners committee arranged to start hearings on a stated date In the senate and that date was announced rather suddenly. No sooner had the Wagner committee hearings beeL announced than Repre sentative Doughton of North Carolina scheduled similar hearings before his ways and means committee In the house. He set the hearings one day ahead of the senate and the rivalry between the two for headline witnesses has been, to say the least, a source of many' Jokes. wheel-Jealou- Some weeks ago I reported to you that there were rumblings of diff- ahead for Trouble the President's gl- gantic works pro Ahead gram, as his new experiment In recovery efforts Is described. He asked congress for a lump gum of $4,800,000,000 with which to revive the heavy Industries and other lines of commercial endeavor that they may absorb some of those unemployed now on relief rolls. It will be remembered that In his annual message to congress he said with emphasis that federal aid to the destitute must stop; that the giving of relief directly was a state responsibility. The first hitch encountered by s the administration In works bill guiding the public through congress developed In the house when the leaders, anxious to pass the legislation as the White House dictated, sought a special rule which limited debate to a couple of hours and made It almost Impossible for individual members to amend the bill. Several scores of Democrats and all of the RepubI have been unable to compute the licans balked. For several days the cost of this legislation to the house leaders fought gnllar'Jy to eral and state keep the stubborn opposition from Counting governments and with things, but the no one, of course, running away the Cost from the Democratic defections can approximate so large that a comthe expense it will be to industry. It ranks became promise had to be offered. It was Is one of those things so far reachand the critics accepted ing in Its effect as to make utterly and Democratic Republican opponents were Impossible advance calculations of squelched. the cost in dollars and cents. Suf successfully 1 Western Newspaper Union. X iculties wheel-horse- |