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Show ' THE BULLETIN, BINGHAM CANYONr IJTAH News Review of Current Events the World Over at President Hoover Urges Economy in National Ex-penditures Earthquake Practically Destroys City of Managua Knute Rockne Dead. By EDWARD W. PICKARD newspaper comment wag contrary to tiie public good. AVAST financial organization millions of capital to re-lieve the cotton producers of the South from the distress caused by low prices of their commodity, is declared to be In process of forma-tion by Chicago capitalists, beaded by William Wrlgley, Jr. Details of the scheme have not been revealed, but the main Idea is understood to be to accumulate large quantitea of baled cotton and hold it for higher prices. Cotton is now selling at prices ruinous to the planters and is a drug on the world market. The plan Is also said to embrace a, system of trading credits by which the vast surplus of cotton will be exchanged for commodities, ot which the cotton growers stand in dire need. These Include farm equipment of all kinds, groceries and clothing. PRESIDE N T to Washington aft-er an eleven-da-cruise to Porto Rico and the Vir-gin islands, with a countenance that approximated tbe shade of an almost rhjte tomato. West Indian sun and wind had burned IT A rWUM FIRE, which earthquakes in Managua, Nica-ragua, took an estimated toll of 1,000 dead and many thou-siiiif- Inlured. great loss. Americans lose one who typified the best in useful, wideawake citizenship. THE development of Fascism In is to be marked further on July 1 of this year by the ban-ishment of the twelve good men and true from the penal courts of Mussolinlland. Juries are abol-ished with the reform of the courts of assizes, or those which try criminal cases, which Premier Mussolini will put in effect three months hence, and for them wlu be substituted a Juridical commit-tee, or whafs called a "college" consisting of two professional Judges and five nontechnical cltl-sen- s who are called "assessors." But every one cannot be an as-sessor. Only special categories of citizens who have had moral and Intellectual, if not political attain-ments, will run the risk of Imvlng their names in the wheel to be drawn as assessors. The reform of the courts of as-sizes and the abolition of the Jury Is a result of the reformed penal code In Italy, a work on which Minister of Justice Itocca and his collaborators have labored for five years. The reform was brought about by what were considered scandalous decisions often re-turned by juries made up of men of insufficient intellectual attain-ments to distinguish between the facts and the emotional bunk of the lawyers. Discontent with these abuses had accumulated in less than a century for the Jury system was only introduced in Italy In 1848. " his face badly, and tnere was '""" u-2- !. mwplclon the skin would peel. There was no question, however, that be was rested, and greatly so, as a result of his leisurely trip. One of his first announcements was that a tax Increase could be avoided If his budget and other recommendations for expenditures were not Increased by congress next winter. To that end he ap-pealed to the nation to bring pres-sure on congress against "the de-mands of sectional or group Inter-est s." The statement was made In the face of lagging Income tax receipts Indicating a treasury deficit of per-haps $800,000,000 at the close of the current fiscal yeur, June !I0. It was regarded as part of the Pres-ident's effort to mobollze public sentiment Against further soldier bonus legislation, farm-relie- f ap-propriations or similar proposals in the new congress to convene In December. Senator William B. Borah, Re-publican Insurgent, Idaho, retort-ed, thrntirh tliA nreaa llmf "flio Arrow Points ,, of tnem to Managua Americans. The American legation, the British lega-tion and Nlcaruguan government buildings were all destroyed. F'lre following the earthquake razed twenty blocks of the business dis-trict, causing an estimated prop-erty damage of $30,000,000. American agencies were quick to respond to the need for help. The Ked Cross rushed supplies. Marines, sent to the little republic on n political mission several years ago, were used to maintain order and relieve distress. It is too early to know definite-ly the extent of the disaster. Managua's population was In the neighborhood of 40,000. The re-gion of this city Is dotted with evidences of its volcanic character, and history records at least two major volcanic disasters. Nlcara-qu- a has been less afflicted with earthquukes tliau its Central Amer-ican neighbors. (. .... iH i. i. i t r URING the for-m- al adjourn-ment of the Ger-man relchstag tbe Brueuing cabinet Is armed with par-liamentary certif-ied dictatorial powers to run the country until next autumn, when the relchstag reconv-enes. The gov-ernment also pre- - record Is that congress has appro-priated less than the budget bu-reau litis recommended each ses-sion for the last few years." He declared his willingness to cut off the $!H),000,000 provided for the administration's naval building program. A BLIZZARD in Rocky mountuln and plains states took a toll of eleven lives, including five chil-dren, two men and a woman In Colorado. Scores were In a serious condition from frostbite and expo-sure. Thousands of cattle perished In a wide area Including Wyoming, Colorado, South DuRota, Nebras-ka and the western parts of Kan-sas, Oklahoma and Texas. In the southern part of the storm area, peach, apricot and other stone-fru- it crops were ruined. The child victims of the storm were pupils at Pleasant Hill school, Towner, Colo. The morning of the blizzard Maude Moser, tbe teacher, ended classes because of the storm. Oarl Miller arrived to take the pupils to their homes in the school bus. Miss Moser started to walk to her home. There were twenty-tw- o children in the bus when Mi-ller started, all between the ages of eight and thirteen. Three miles from Pleasant Hill tbe bus plowed Into a snow drift ou iui us is kiiuwu mere is uui a hubltable building left In tbe once beautiful Central American city, the second In size In the re-public. President Moncado him-self abandoned the national pal-ace for a tent. BASEBALL loses two of Its in tbe passing of Ernest S. Burnard and Byron B. Johnson, the president and tbe of the American leugue dying within sixteen hours of each other. Both devoted their lives to the American national game. Their terms of service In the presidency spanned the life ot the league Itself. When Johnson quit the sports desk of a Cincinnati newspaper to seek his fortune In the business administration of baseball, James J. Hill bad arrived as the empire builder of the Northwest, and John I). Rockefeller had estab-lished the dynasty of Stundard Oil. As each of those In his separate sphere wore the Napoleonic man-tle, so Johnson did In baseball. Mr. Barnard would have been fifty-seve- n years old on July 17. He had been president of the American league for a five-ye- ar term. His activity in con-nection with the draft controversy and In the adoption of the sched-ule Is believed to have hastened his death. Chancellor pared measures to Brushing curD attacks on President Hinden-bur- g and other high officials. The emergency decree enormous-ly curtails the vital civic rights anchored to the German constitu-tion. Basing the action on article 48 of the constitution, enabling the President to take dictatorial meas-ures when "security and order are threatened," the decree curtails the personal rights of citizens such as the freedom of speech, the Invlolu-blllt- y of homes, freedom of the press, secrecy In the malls, the right to meet when ununned, the right to form associations, or own property. Public announcements of polit-ical gatherings must be confined to the barest facts. Newspapers Infringing upon the terms of the decree muy be suspended for eight ACHANGE in the leadership of the Republican national commit-tee, It Is admitted, has been under discussion by par-ty chieftains but responsible spokes-men Insist no plans fct.'ve been agreed on. Despite con-tinued silence by tbe national chair-- ten feet deep and stalled. Outside the mass of falling snow was a curtain, obscuring the rond, tracks and covering fences. Miller tried to back toward the school but could npt get the wheels of the bus tree from the drift. - After remaining with the chil-dren for many hours. Miller real-ized he must get aid or all would perish. In the driving storm he started out, thinking he could reach a farmhouse. Struggling on for more than three miles he fell exhausted In a cornfield and per-ished. Five of the children were dead when a rescuing party found them, but the rest were saved. There were other tragedies In the storm that swept the mountain states and other sections; but this tragedy waa one to arouse the ut--! most pity. Bravelv the children weeks, ami other publications may be suspended for six months. The public speaking "muzzle de-cree," the old timers eloquently claim, la more severe than a "ukuse" in the days of the former kaiser. During adjournment committees will continue working on a mass of internal reform projects, and the relchstag can be called togeth-er at any time on the demand of one-thli- d of the members, or the council of elders can authorize such a special call by majority vote. RUSSIA bade open Cefiance to grain confer-ence at Rome when Abraham Klssln, Soviet delegate, declared that, far from reducing ber wheat production, his country would In-crease it this year and that in-stead of giving up her policy of so man, Senator Sim-- Senator Fess eon D. F'ess of Ohio, one high Republican spokes-man predicted Important develop-ments within the next few weeks. F'ess has given no Indication of an Intention to retire In the near future, though It has been gener-ally understood for months he wntiltl Ilka tn ho reliever! of the met their fate I They sang and boxed and played to keep warm, as they were told by the driver before he left them to seek aid, as urged by the young leader put In charge, until the merciless wind and chill benumbed them into help-less drowsiness. called "dumping." she Intended to Increase her wheat exports In or-der to pay for her Imports, which exceed $000,000,000 a year. "Any proposal to exclude from economic intercourse a nation oc-cupying one-sixt- h of the world's surface is foredoomed to failure," Klssln said. "Russia's population Is Increasing at the rate of 4,000,-00- 0 a year, which Is proportionate-ly twice as great as the Increase of Europe's population, therefore we must Increase our wheat produc-tion." The United States Agricultural department has estimated that spring wheat plantings would be reduced 14.7 per cent. This ex-ceeded the hope of the farm board for a 10 per cent cut. KNUTE Rockne, football coach of the University of Notre Dame, with a name that be-ea-a collegiate byword, plunged to bis death with five fellow passengers and two pilots on a Transcontinental and Western Air. ny chairmanship. Among those being discussed for the chairmanship are Secretary Hurley, Postmaster General Brown and David Mulvane, Republican national committeeman from Kan-sas. TnE $1,000,000 libel suit Gns O. former prohibition agent, filed against Mrs. Mabel Walker Wlllebrandt, former as-sistant attorney general. In 19'KJ, In connection with a series of ar-ticles she wrote about prohibition enforcement was stricken from the ducket In Federal court at St. Louis for failure to prosecute. Mr. Nations said he could not proceed any further with the suit because he had been unable to ob-tain service on Mrs. Wlllebrandt, but he asserted that suits for $20,-00- 0 damages each were pending , against her In New York and Washington for alleged injury done to him by the articles. Tbe only observation of Mrs. Mabel Walker Wlllebrandt to the news that the $1,000,000 libel suit filed against her by Gus O. Nations had been stricken from the record was: "The action speaks for ." She would make no other com-ment than that the Inference the suit had been dropped been use papers could not be served upon her was "amusing." At her office It was said she had been in Mis-souri several times since the suit was filed, and that her presence there hud been widely curried In the press . 1931. Westers Ninnm Union.) THE Cuban c o n r t has given a deci-sion against Presl-den- t Machado's suspension of newspaper publi-cation, holding that be acted in viola-tion of the consti-tutional provision guaranteeing free speech wben he : ft ! Inc., air liner in the mid-Kans- Knute K. (ruin! country Rockne Witnesses said the craft, flying through clouds and fog, lost a wing In the air and aurtled to tbe ground like a crip-pled bird. Rockne had only recently recov-ered from an Illness which a year ago had threatened to terminate his brilliant coaching career. Last year, however, he developed one of the very best of his many excel-lent teams, and made a schedule tor 1931 which Indicated that he looked forward to an equally great team this year. President Hoover m an official statement described the death of Rockne as "a national loss." American football sustains a shut down presses which had pub-- PrMldent lished information Machado and criticism dis-tasteful to the government, Mr. Machado set forth the necessity of public security and order as reason for the prohibtlon of publication but without any showing that there was an emergency or that tbe Newspaper AlUsnee. Stoipy (Dfl ttte Ao ffio IFo isi grin part prohibited.) By Gen. JoUmJ. Pershing fortunately, were quieter than tbey bad been for several years. Mr. Baker referred to my ap-pointment and said that he had given the subject very careful thought and had made the choice solely upon my record, I expressed my deep appreciation of the honor, mentioned the responsibility of th. position and said that I hoped he' would have no reason to regret bis action. ' 'ft Mr. Baker'a office with a distinctly favorable Impression of tbe man upon whom, as head of the War department, would rest the burden of preparing for a great war to which the wholly un-ready nation was now committed. Still proceeding under the as-sumption that I was to command only a division In France, my feel-ings may well be Imagined when a tew days later, the secretary of war called me In to say that it had been decided by the President to send me abroad as commander In chief, and that I should select my staff accordingly and prepare to sail as soon as possible. The thought of the responsibil-ities that this high position car-ried depressed me for the moment. Here In the face of a great war I had been placed In command of a theoretical army which had yet to be constituted, equipped, trained and sent abroad. Still, there was no doubt In my mind then or at any other time of my ability to do the Job, provided the government would furnish men, equipment and supplies. FOREWORD My primary purpose in writing this story of the American expe-ditionary force in France is to render whit 1 conceive to be an important tervice to my country. In that adventure there are many lessons useful to tbe American people, should they ever again be called to arm, and I felt il a duty to record them at I saw them. The World war found Dt ab-sorbed in the pursuits of peace and quite unconscious of possible threat to our security. We would listen to no warnings of danger. We bad made small preparation for defense and none for aggres-sion. So when war actually came upon us we had to change the very habits of our lives and minds to meet its realities. Tbe slow processes by which we achieved these changes and applied our latent power to the problems of combat in Europe, despite our will, our number and our wealth. I have endeavored to describe. Therein lie the lesson of which I write. I wish to dedicate this modest work to the men of all ranks who served with me in France, and es-pecially to those who gave their lives to the cause for which we fought. To niy comrades of the allied armiea I wish to say that I am not attempting to write a history of the World war or of the epic part they took in il. I write of our own army and for our own peo-ple, and I have not consciously mscnifipd or minimized the effort fo'H' felllli Gen. John J. Pershing. I Front painting y Joseph Cnmmlnvs Chase la Parla, HIS. Harbord Chief of Staff. Obviously it was advisable to choose my chief of staff as soon as practicable. After studying the records of several officers of my acquaintance and of others who were recommended for the posi-tion, I chose MaJ. James Q. Har-bor- d. His efficiency in every grade from the day of his enlistment as a private in the array in January, 1889. was not only of record but was well known to those with whom be bad served. Throughout the war Harbord never hesitated a moment to ex-press his opinion with the utmost frankness, no matter how radically It might differ from my own, nor did he ever fail to carry out In-structions faithfully even ' when they were not In accord with bis views. Entirely unselfish, he la-bored Incessantly for what he be-lieved to be the best Interests of our armies. His ability, his re-sourcefulness, his faculty for or-ganization, and, above all, his loy-alty, were outstanding qualities, and these, together with a com-pelling personality, made him in-valuable to the nation In this Im-portant position. --4 After consultation with the per-manent heads of staff and supply departments, and with no little in-sistence on my part In more than one instance, the corresponding representatives to accompany me of any army or any people. There is credit for all of us in the final triumph of our united arms. The 'struggle of the allies was much longer, their sacrifice very much greater, than ours. I am grateful to President Wil-son and Secretary Baker for select-ing me to command our armies and for the whole-hearte- d and un-failing support they accorded me in France, No commander was ever privileged to lead a finer force; no eominandrr ever derived greater inspiration from the per-formance of his troops. JOHN J. PERSUING. CHAPTER I On May S. l'J17, tour weeks after the United States had declared war on Germany, I received the follow-ing telegram from my father-in-law- , the late Senator P. E. War-ren, In Washington : "Wire me today whether and how much you speak, read and write French." At this time 1 was stationed at Fort Sam Houston, which adjoins Sun Antonio, Texas, and was In command of the southern de-partment with the rank of major-general- . Naturally. Senator War-ren's telegram suggested that I was to be assigned to some dufv secretary 'what my wife said about It (?) ' "Affectionately, "F. E. WARREN." Message Promises Command. Shortly after the receipt of the private wire and before the ahove letter reached me, a telegram dated May 2, came from MaJ. Gen. Hugh U Scott, chief of staff, containing the opening words, "For your eye alone." followed by a message In code: "Under plans under considera-tion is one which will require among other troops four Infantry regiments and one artillery regi-ment from your department for service In France. If plans are carried out you will be In com-mand. You will be in command of tbe entire force. Wire me at once designation of the regiments se-lected by you and their present stations." I construed this message to mean that these troops were to form a division, which, together with such other troops as might be sent over at once, would be under my com-mand. Within a day or so after the re-ceipt of Scott's telegram it was In-timated to Col. M. 11. Barnum, my chief, of staff, that we might be at the time were, in order of rank : Leonard Wood. General Bell, Thom-as H. Barry. Hugh L. Scott and Tasker IL Bliss. CHAPTER II I arrived In Washington May 9 and the next morning called at the office of the chief of staff. MaJ. Gen. Hugh L. Scott. He spoke of my assignment, which, as had been my Impression from his message of May 2, was to command a di-vision, and told me that It had been made upon his recommendation. General . Scott outlined the gen-eral plans In so far as anything definite had been determined. Be-ginning with February 3. the war college division of the general staff presented a number of recommend-ations for action In the event of war with the central powers. One was for the enactment of a draft law and others referred to the size of the army to be organized and the necessity for the procurement of equipment and supplies. Chagrined by Unpreparedness. March 15, acting under Instruc-tions of the chief of staff, the war college division submitted a more detailed scheme for raising an army of 500.000 men. But these In France, hut as no Intimation had been given out regarding the extent of our active participation In the war, the message was some-what puzzling. However, I telegraphed the fol-lowing reply: "Spent several months In France nlneteen-elgh- t studying langnaga Spoke quite fluently; could read and write very well at that time. Can easily reacquire satisfactory working knowledge." Quotes Warren's Letter, v My reply, to be sure, was rather optimistic, yet It was comparative-ly accurate and perhaps was Justl fled by the possibilities to be In-ferred from Senator Warren's tele gram. A few days later I received from blm the following letter: "Dear Jack: "This Is what happened: Last night, about ten o'clock, the secretary of war rang me were all eleventh-hou- r suggestions and no definite action was taken on any of them until May 18, when congress passed the law authoris-ing the Increase of military estab-lishment through the application of the draft. I was really more chagrined than astonished to realize that so little had been done when there were so many things that might have been done long before. It had been ap-parent to everybody for months that we were likely to be forced Into the war and a state of war had actually existed for several weeks, yet scarcely a stnrt bad been made to prepare for It. But the truth is that the general staff at Washington had never been organized along modern lines, its membership had been recently reduced by congress, and but few of Its officers had the experience necessary fully to understand Its functions. In this fact we no doubt find the basis of man; of the dif- - were designated, and they hi turn chose their assistants. Although the list did not Include all I would have selected, as some were not available, yet ll rose to Impor-tant places In (he final organiza-tion, except one or two who failed In health. The total number In my party that tailed on the Baltic was at follows : Regular army officers 4o Marine corps ottlcers t OKC officers in actlva service ,.11 Enlisted men (7 Field clerks tl Civilian clerks 0 Civilian Interpreters I Civilian (correspondents) ..... t Total on Baltic 199 Draft Act Passed May 18, The method of raising our armies by conscription was based oa studies made y the war college under Instructions from General KrntL I'rpHlilpnt Wilson rpenm. Secretary of War Newton D. Baker called upon for a recommendation, and after consultation with him I selected the Sixteenth, Klghteenth, Twenty-slxt- b and Twenty-eight- h regiments of Infantry and the Sixth field artillery. These, to-gether with two other artillery regiments and the necessary aux-iliary units, were later organized as our first division. Surprised by Developments. I had scarcely given a thought to the possibility of my being se-lected to be In supreme command of our forces abroad, as afterward Hovcliifipil nlthnncrh m nM trlanii Acuities- that arose later In con-nection with the preparation of our army at home and Its ship-ment and supply abroad. Praia for Secretary Baker. My next call was upon the secre-tary of war, Mr. Newton D. Baker. It was a much younger and consid-erably smaller man who greeted me than I had expected. He ac-tually looked diminutive as be sat behind his desk, doubled up In a rather large office chair, but when he spoke my Impression changed Immediately. We talked of my re-cent experience In Mexico and of conditions on the border, which. mended the plan to congress April 7, 1917. hut the draft act was not passed until May 18, forty-tw- o days after the declaration of war. Roosevelt Offer Rejected. The appeal of Col. Theodore Roosevelt at this time for permis-sion to raise a volunteer division aroused popular sentiment through-out the country In his favor, but approval would have opened the door for many other applications and the policy would have Inter-fered materially with the orderly and businesslike application of the draft law. (TO BE CONTINUED. up ana wanted to snow ir l would call In and see him this morning, and I responded that I would If I could reach him at nine o'clock. This is the first time he has ever asked me to call for a consultation. When I reached him he said In the most distant and care-less way: Oh. by the way, before I discuss the matter about which I asked you to call do you happen to know whether Pershing speaks Frenchf (This Is the first time yonr name was ever men-tioned between the secretary of war and me, direct) "I said I was not certain about that; that I knew he was a linguist along the lines of Spanish and. to some ex-tent. Japanese, and all of the Philippine dialects (a pardon-able exaggeration by one's fa-ther that perhaps my wife might know, as she speaks French a little and reads It readily: "He said: 'Well, it Is of no special consequence, only I happened to think of It at this moment.' I replied: 'Well. I'll ask my wife about It today and see whether she knows, and will let you know." He thpn said: ; "if you don't mind, do so.' "And then he pnn-eede- to discuss quite fully some appro-print- ! ,n matters on which I In-tended to go to work upon my arrival at the Capitol "I hope you will wire me promptly uin receipt of my telegram so that 1 may tell the . h - - MaJ. Gen. J. Franklin Bell, bad written me that he thought my se-lection almost certain. After I left the Philippines. In 1013, where he was tn command, he and I had kept np an Intermittent correspond ence In which we freely exchanged confidences on army matters. In one of his letters early In April. I1M7. General Bell spoke of the possibility of our sending an army to France and gave a list of the general officers who might be considered for the supreme com j ma ml Discussing the chances for ! anil against each one. he predicted f much to my surprise, that all the I others. Including himself, would be pussed over and that I would be selet-ted- . I whs the Junior on the list of major generals, hence I could not fully accept General Bell's view but lie whs so strongly convinced that he was right tlnit he request ed an assignment under my com in n n rl Tbe major generals senior to me Troops of First Division Leaving Mexican Border for New Ywk. |