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Show THE BULLETIN. BINGHAM CANYON, UTAH 'Bombs' Steel Center In Imaginary Flight 'Briefed' at Army Air Force School for Raid on Yawata; Follows Course Over Huge, Realistic Map. By BAUKHAGE Vpujj Analyst and Commentator. IVNU Sei vice, Union Trust Building, fVashington, D. C. How would you like to bomb the Yawata steel works in a flying for-tress? I did 11 without moving from my classroom seat in Orlando, Fla., in one of the courses I attended at the army air force school of applied tac-tics. It is part of the "post gradu-ate" instruction of the high officers of the army and it really is a realis-tic "briefing." When I had finished that demonstration, as it is called, I actually felt as if I had been on that bombing mission which started at an unnamed base in China and flew straight to a target, which is as clearly pictured in my mind as 11 I had made the trip. I'll try to reenact it for you. First, imagine a great map stretching across the room in which you are sitting with two black lines on it. The lower line runs, with a few slight deviations, straight to the target in Japan. Then there is a short leg running north and the see ing, which pointed out on the map every hazard, every advantage, ev-tr- y varying condition. Special areas were blown up in large size: as a ' lake serving as a landmark where the planes start their ocean Jump, a peculiarly shaped river where they reach land again. Sketches are furnished by meteorologists, show-ing just the types of clouds they will encounter, some "full of rocks" (covering mountain peaks) which are to be avoided. The known location and number of enemy fighter planes is marked, as are the antiaircraft guns, and the temperature and wind velocity at various levels. Target'a There, Then Gone As to the target itself, large IClt aerial pictures were shown which looked very much as the actual terrain would look to the pilot and bombardier. Also, a map of the whole city. Then a map of the target area, then photos of the tar-- gCl MM', I, I. I, I'M 1IUII1 HI ' US it will look when the plane ap-proaches it from a distance, and another as It will look when it is directly below the important mo-ment. That last statement "directly be-low" is misleading, as I found out. What you see when you look through the glas walls of the bomber's "nose" and what you see when you look through the bombsight are two quite different pictures. What you see when you look through the bomb-sigh- t is the area (far ahead of where your plane is) upon which the bomb will hit if released at that precise instant. Naturally, at the speed at which a plane travels, the inertia of the bombs carries them far ahead as they fall. This is disconcerting to the lay- - man I looked through the glass of ona line, a lime BDeve me oiner, run-ning back to the base. This is the course we took. "Now, men," says the officer standing with a pointer in his hand, "you art going to bomb the steel works at Yawata. Daylight precision bombing and naturally you'll meet a little more opposition. But you know the importance of steel. I don't need to talk about that. You have been selected for your record last time. Keep up that record. "As you know this Is the first time for the new stagger formation. You've practiced it. I won't go into that. We have just 45 minutes to check the whole plan. We start at 650 and the first ship goes down the runway at 700." (Military clocks theoretically run 24 hours. If the number is above 12, subtract 12. For instance 1630 is 4:30 in the afternoon 1630 minus 12 equals 4:30.) Then came some directions about "assembly" (where this group Joins' the formation) which I won't go into here since space isn't adequate, but anyhow the assembly point is Chengtu. Level Off For Bomb Run "We must be at Chengtu at 800 Climb at 190 miles an hour to this point here (the pointer taps the map) ... to 1,500 feet and level off. 200 miles per hour . . . this junc-tion (another tap) 940; then swing on course ... 91 degrees . . . (the pointer swishes out along the black line) to the coast. "Here is your second climb . . . 1212 ... 190 miles per hour . . . 300 feet a minute ... to bombing altitude, at check point of island at 1245 (the pointer touches a little island off the Jap coast) ... it will look like an inverted pyramid . .. . then level off to the IP." (That is the point of entry which must be definitely established, for the flight from there on is directly to the tar-get and careful synchronization with the other planes must be made.) "Show a yellow-yello- flare so we'll know you've reached the IP ... if dark, toggle over the bomb run, then to the rally point, 14 miles north of target. "If you are crippled going over the target try to cut short your turn. ..." Til explain that: you see normal-ly the planes would go north from the target and then turn at a right angle to the assembly point. Then another right angle back toward home, so if a plane had been hit and couldn't last long, it must try to catch up with the others and make known its condition. If the plane lags behind it may be located by the group leader who will make con-tinuous looping back, trying to locate any stragglers. Mean-while (as I forgot to explain) there is a friendly submarine loafing somewhere within radio call for two purposes. First, to try to locate any plane that has been forced down into the water; second, to pick up information concerning any enemy hips which the planes may have spotted so the sub can go over and take a poke at them. I cannot in this space give you a fraction of the detail of this brief- - the nose and picked me out a little Florida lake upon which I decided to drop my imaginary bomb. Then I locked into the light and there was no lake there! Too late! If I had relenscd my bombs then, they would have hit far beyond the dis-tant shore although the plane hadn't even reached the near shore, yet. But to return to my synthetic flight. I find it impossible to recount it with half the realism with which it was presented to me as my eyes followed that moving pointer from base to assembly point to "bomb line" (where the planes cross into enemy occupied terrain) on to the target itself, with the looping tracks that bounded it and then back, north and west again, over water and land, lake and mountain, on the long trek home. After the briefing was finished four men in uniform took seats on the platform. They were men with stars on their service ribbons and some purple hearts, too. Men of many missions just such as the one described, or they would not have been chosen as instructors in this post graduate university of the air. And they acted out with startling conviction the briefing of a returned crew. One, his nerves on razor edge from what he had gone through, an-other a little dazed, as if he had had a few drinks too many, another sol-emn, wide-eye- another jumpy, lo-quacious, controversial, all true-to-lif- e types, we were told. Carefully and tactfully the officer checked their conflicting statements until finally all were molded into a reasonable and rational report. "How many enemy fighters . . . here?" "Oh, 80, easy, said the jumpy one. "How many do you say?" (to the fellow in the half-daze- "Well, a lot of 'em, I didn't count." "Enough anyhow. And you didn't warn us about the others here," says the slap-happ- y one as he jumps up and jabs the map. Finally it settles down to about 50. This estimate will be checked as other crews are checked and an accurate estimate is obtained. The same careful and studied analy-sis of data on troop concentrations observed, movements along' high-ways, convoys, new landing strips, as well as the damage done to the target. j War Bonds Are Your Safest Investment; Buy All You Can, Hold What You Have Rumors Whispering Of Repudiation Are Vicious Propaganda By WALTER A. SHEAD WNU Staff Correspondent. Approximately 85,000,000 American citizens have bought war bonds. That num-ber is almost twice as many as the total of voters in the last national election. And that, it seems to me, is the best answer to the subversive propaganda that the govern-ment might repudiate pay-ment of war bonds. It's the best answer from a prac-tical standpoint, because repudi-ation must be voted by the congress and no congress in its right political mind would vote to nullify the holdings of 85 million Americans who have purchased individual and separate war bonds through January 1, 1945. Add to this 41 billion dollars In war bonds approximately 137 billion dollars worth sold In other govern-mental bonds and securities over the same period of time to banks, cor-porations, insurance companies and other large investors, and you have another added and compelling rea-son why no congress will ever vote repudiation of these obligations. These war bonds and other govern-ment securities have behind them the security, the faith and the integ-- , Remember this . . . anyone who tells you that your gov-ernment is likely to repudiate one dollar's worth of these bonds, or that the American people are cashing them in faster than they are buying them, is passing along propa-ganda inspired in Berlin or Tokyo ! untary and that persons wishing to buy war bonds should be able to buy them conveniently. Hence war bonds may be purchased at banks, post offices, theaters, retail stores, and at scores of other places. Then, the treasury reasoned, It should be equally convenient to re-deem war bonds for emergency pur-poses, so all banks who desired, were authorized to redeem the bonds over the counter, instead of the former longer, more complicat-ed method of sending the bond to the nearest Federal Reserve bank. Who are the war bond redeemers . . . the men and women who cash in these 12 cents out of the dollar? Almost invariably they are families whose only saving has been the war bonds they bought, and, thus, when an emergency arose their war bonds were their only recourse. The war bond redeemer is in the low income bracket, has an income probably less than $3,000 per year, and a larger than average family. The chances are he buys his war bonds through a payroll savings plan at his place of employment. Chances are, too, that he over-boug- according to his in- - ; cumulative rate of redemption to the amount of bonds outstanding is 12 04 per cent, the average redemption rate over the four-yea- r pericl. 1941 through 1944, amounts to slightly less than 10 per cent per year. Let's take one year of war bond redemptions and compare them to insurance policy lapses. In 1943, for instance, total redemptions of war bonds to amount of bonds outstand-ing at the end of the year was 6.3 per cent. In 1940 for all legal re-serve life Insurance companies the dollar amount of policy surrenders and lapses was 6 per cent of the in-surance in force at the end of the year. In 1942 the ratio was 4 per cent. This tremendous voluntary pro-gram of war financing, so vast in its ramifications, is not only the( greatest financing record in all his-tory, it has brought about the great-est pool of savings in liquid assets in the history of any people. The six war loan drives In them-selves produced more than 109 bil-lions of dollars from the sale of all government securities offered, 28 billions more than the combined goals set for these drives. The sixth war loan, in itself, exceeded the en-tire finance program of World War I. Four Liberty loan drives and one Victory drive in World War I grossed $21,432,924,700. There were an esti-mated 66 million subscribers but most of this sum was raised by in-dividuals, banks and business firms able to buy $10,000 and upwards in Liberty bonds. In this war more than 21 billion dollars, from 66 mil- - rity of the United States government . . . exactly the same guarantee of payment as a dollar bill. And if your war bonds should become worthless, then your dollar bill will become equally as worthless. And we have behind war bonds a tradition and record of the United States govern-ment of never having repudiated an obligation In the 165 years of its ex-istence. And right here let's spike the fal-lacy in the minds of some people that war bonds are being cashed in at an alarming rate. They are not being redeemed in any such amounts. When someone sees a line of people at a postoffice window or at a bank counter cashing in war bonds, the story is immediately spread that people are cashing in their bonds at an unprecedented fieure. TOTAL SALES OF WAR BONDS Ml12 IN BILHON OF DOUARS j '25,423 j m Sgi SIP 1,1,694 jjI IBSf 1942 1943 94A MAT - DIC lion persons were obtained in the sixth war loan drive alone! People Pay 60 Per Cent of War Cost. How has this volimtvr program of war financing been used toward paying the cost of the war? Here Only 12 Per Cent Cashed. When the treasury department publishes its statements, for in-stance, as last October when sales totaled $695,000,000 and redemptions totaled $400,000,000, the story was immediately broadcast that people were cashing in their war bonds at a ratio almost equalling sales. As a matter of fact, the redemptions last October were only 1.16 per cent of the total bonds outstanding. In October redemptions were un-usually heavy for the reason that it was the first month in which banks were authorized to redeem bonds over the counter direct, and many persons had the mistaken idea that the treasury was inviting these re-demptions because it was made so convenient. When this impression was dispelled, redemptions steadily declined. .November redemptions were 1.08 per cent; December, .98, and January redemptions went down to .89 per cent. Total cumulative redemptions of war bonds, that is the series E, F and G bonds, as of January 1, 1945, amount to 12.04 per cent of the total bonds sold. It means that out of the 41 billion dollars in war bonds sold, about 38 billion is still In the hands of the people who bought them. Or in oth-er words about 12 cents out of each dollar spent for war bonds has been redeemed. Money for Taxes Needed. Certain months of the year, such as the taxpaying months, always show a heavier redemption percent-age than other months. The treas-ury policy from the inception of war bond sales has been that the whole financing program should be vol- - come, since being patriotic, he want-ed to do just as much as his fellows. Investigation shows that many men and women in these families forced to redeem their war bonds were, ten years ago, on WPA or the recipient of some community wel-fare program. They were not on that program willingly, and neither are they at the bank window cash-ing in their bonds willingly today. These bonds are their only liquid asset when an emergency comes . . . death, child birth, hospitalization, and temporary unemployment. The treasury also has learned that the redeemer of war bonds does not necessarily cash In all his bonds, nor does he close out his payroll sav-ings account ... he keeps on buying. And this is proved conclusively by the fact that war bonds purchased through payroll savings since the first war loan in 1942 have steadily increased each month from 307 mil-lion dollars in December, 1942, to more than $500,000,000 per month to-day. Every war loan has been marked by a rise in the regular allotment of workers for war bonds, as well as a steadily increasing rise in the national level of payroll sav-ings as against total payroll. Savings Up 56 In Year. During 1944 the withdrawals of de-posits in savings accounts in the banks of the nation by individuals amounted to approximately 20 per cent and at the same time these sav-ings accounts showed a net gain of approximately 56 per cent. War bonds, although showing an 8 per cent gain in redemptions over 1943, at the same time show an 85 per cent increase in sales. While the are a few figures. From May 1, 1941, the start of the war finance program, through December 31, 1944, the government spent 261 billion dollars. Of this amount 21 billions was used for non-wa- r expenditures, including the in-terest on the public debt, leaving 240 billion spent on the cost of the war. Out of this 261 billions, 101 billions, or 38.7 per cent of the total, has been raised through net receipts of taxes, so the excess of spending over tax receipts from May 1, 1941, to Janu-ary 1, 1945, has been 160 billions of dollars. During this same period the gov-ernment has borrowed 178 billions of dollars through sale of govern-mental securities. This equals the 41 billion sold in war bonds and the 137 billion in other securities. Of this 178 billion, 75 billions have been borrowed directly or indirectly from banks. The rest, 103 billions or 57.9 per cent, has come from sources, 42 billions of it from individual citizens. The net of all this is that the Amer-ican people are buying war bonds and that almost 60 per cent of the amount borrowed for the war cost has been paid by individuals and non-banki-sources . . . they are buying bonds and holding $88 out of every $100 they buy, and the record indi-cates that they will keep on buying them so long as they are offered for sale, or so long as the nation needs their money to help finance this war. I BUY BONDS I I REDEEM BONDS HERE HERE p It is a pretty safe bet that the treasury department, as a result of its experience with baby bonds be-fore the war, and with war bonds since May 1, 1941, will continue in the bond business after the war is over. People have the habit of buy-ing government bonds and there is no indication now that there will be any concerted rush to the banks to cash in these bonds when the war is over. The very great majority of them will be held to maturity. And today bond buying is on a basis, not only on the home front, but on every battle front where Ameri-cans are fighting to maintain the freedom and integrity of a govern-ment and a way of life of which these bonds are a symbol SEWING CIRCLE PATTERNS Shirtwaisters Are Top Favorite But a Bow f I fi WW'1, current war conditions. sliRhllT, If, 'VV Vm. is required In Ailing order, fc, III inPlf Til th mSt popular Pa,!rn nurri yjJyi -- ' A ' ' M tend your order to lOOn 11 III ill SEWING CIRCLE PATTERK lZOU 1(1 HI 149 New MontBomerj u .40 I I - I L-- I San Francisco. Ciltf Smart Shirtwaister SHIRTWAIST frocks have won a spot in every wardrobe. They're versatile, smart and a boon to the busy homemaker. This button-fro- nt model has a set-i- n belt and graceful figure-moldin- g skirt. Pattern No. 1280 Is designed for sires 34, 36, 38, 40, 42. 44, 46 and 48. Size 36, three-quart- or short sleeves, requires 3', yards of 35 or material; 2H yards of material. Frock for Tot COR a young miss, a dainty long-- " waisted frock she's sure to love. The Peter Pan collar and cuffs are edged in gay ric rac, and the bod-ice boasts a parade of buttons. One of the prett'-js- t frocks for a tot you'll see. Pattern No. 1279 Is designed for sizes 2. 3, 4, i and 6 years. Size 3 requires Hi yards of 35 or h material; ' yard for contrasting collar; 1 yards ric rac to trim. Enclose 25 cents In coin. J pattern desired. Pattern No sizj Nam ,1 Address ,M really soothing becauH 1 they're really I ; medicated j SJ .' Millions use F & F Loieql : give their throat a 15 minutefl : ing, comforting treatment! : reaches all the way tiowtl I coughs, throat irritations ortj : ness resulting from col Jsorafl : soothe with F&F. fiox,cMB IakwummJ ilO MRS. GU1 Low -- Spiral And PaflgiM Are Oft.il Jyfl Of Const potion I I For constipation take Hfl Remedy (NR Tablets). (H chemicals, no minerals, nopkfl rivatives. NR Tablets are act different Purely a combination of 10 vegetoM gradients formulated over IH ago. Uncoated or candy cottiH action is dependable, thoraH gentle. Get a 2." ConTiaJ Caution: Take only as dinfl N rOMOMOflfl Ul FOR ACID INDlGESflB SPRAINS ANdItmI r!!!!lA" qnd Pans Stiff Joints BrJ AT 'TpHE PUBLIC nature of adverting ! J fits everyone it touches. It bencfiB public by describing exactly the products that are offer benefits employees, because the advertiser must be mortB and just than the employer who has no thepflWI obligation to These benefits of advertising are quite apart from the o t benefits which advertising confers-- the lower prices, the HB quality, die better service that go with advertised goods andW, BUOUSEHOLD IninTSffl If the knob is pulled off a tight-ly closed drawer, use a plunger or a large suction cup to open the drawer. To rewind the spring in the roll-er of a window shade, insert the flattened end in the lower part of a keyhole. For a grease spot on wallpaper, try making a paste of cornstarch and water. Apply this to the spot and allow to dry. Then brush it off, and the spot will be gone. Real bed comfort depends large-ly upon the under sheet being tucked in so firmly it will remain smooth and tight. Miter each cor-ner, then tuck under the sheet. A pleasing favor that's some-what different in candied sweet potatoes may be had by adding the juice of one lemon to the molasses (or sweetening), and butter. Thoroughly and frequently mas-- i saga any reddened areas you no-- I tice on a sick person whom you are caring for at home. Keep pres-sure off such spots with a slight-ly inflated rubber ring or small soft pillows. Limit on Public Debt Will Have to Be Raised Again for 7th Loan The ceiling on the public debt will have to be raised again, treasury officials say. to make room for the seventh war loan This next big drive will open in May or June Congress will be asked to push up the limit once more The boost the treasury wants is from the present 200 billion dollars to 300 billions. The public debt outstanding now, at maturity value, is $241.019 830, 853 Thus there is margin of only $18 980.169,147 before the 260 billion dollar limit is reached. Consider-ably more than 19 billion dollars worth of bonds (maturity value) must be sold in the seventh loan. In the sixth loan, more than 28 billion dollars worth of bonds were sold figuring them again at maturity value Since a large part of these were sold on the "three dollars will get you four in ten years" basis, the government realized about 21 billion dollars from the sale In his J&udget message on Janu- - ary 3, President Roosevelt stated that a further increase in the debt limit would be necessary before the end of the next fiscal year, which would be on June 30. 1946 Financial commentators expect that two boosts will be required before that date, since the President esti- - mated that the public debt would stand at 292 billion dollars by the middle of 1946 At maturity valu-ation, this "would mean considerably more than 300 billion dollars. BARBS ... y Baukhnpe The "work or else" bill bogged down in the senate. Perhaps be-cause the senate is already over-worked. On January 8, General Yamashita said: "Japanese forces are ready to destroy the enemy with one stroke should he chouse to land on Luzon." Some prophets are without honor outside of their own country. few Some French banks hold the phoney German "reichmarks" as part of their assets. Well, it migii help the paper shortage anyhow They are talking of using tilvei to make ball beannys for nutomo biles. They ought to go prettj With some of the gmlded vnuth there are any left over ., tiv v.., prosperity ends |