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Show Till: 8 EDUCATIONAb- (Wlurted by J, K. Mi KNKillT, Principal Normal Trahant? School. The final motive for the study of science Is to bring the pupil by degrees to a strong person of realization that he Is the focus of Innumerable forces about him which so bear upon him, and so limit his life ami comfort, as to render the knowledge of how they may be resisted, guided and controlled an ubsolute necessity. Wilbur S. Jack-man. t 4 barometer falls, v The winces again. nature and Hasln and gather what moisture they can on their way. As this moisture can be condensed only when reduced to a low temperature. It Is near the summit of the mountain and plateaus that It fall a rain or snow. The highlands thus been mu the reservoirs, where the water is stored to be sent down to the valleys. In the valleys that lie In the eastern part of the Salt Lake drainage area between the lake and the Wasatch Mountains, the winds take up the moisture evaporated from the lake, carry It toward the mountains, where it Is condensed. The rainfall thus produced Is great enough to fall, not only on the mountains, but also In the valleys, making this a region of more abundant rainfall than any In the State. well-chose- til ltut what are the hard j bud-scal- es And the varnish on the outside, and the wool on the Inside what art for? they for? It seems to be an established fact that at least a few robins remain In Utah over winter. School children report having seen them every month since September. These reports are recorded at the time as data In their natural history calendars. So It makes no difference what the books say. Hut it is true that there are more robins here now' than there were a month ago. That means that some that went away to spend the winter where it is warm, and where the banquet board is richer and always spread, are returning to their former haunts. Does it not mean, too, that the robins we have had with us all winter may sail away soon for the northland, there to build homes and rear a race of hardier aeronauts than those that will help to gladden our joyous spring days? c i' S that cannot be done in the schoolroom. It is most of that part that concerns live There is a kind of nature study nature. Life must be studied where it is a living force, a vital reality, and that is Twigs in a fruit jar on a window shelf serve their purpose, but thev represent a small part of the spring of nature work that can be and ought to be done. It is primarily a matter of observation, and observations on living things should be made where those living things are found in nature. This, in order to understand all the. influencing conditions, or as many as can te observed. This, for the purpose of collecting those data which may later be interpreted in the schoolroom. Hence field lessons are Have you ever tried one? necessary. f r The time may be wasted; it 'may be used in. such a .way as to yield vastly out-of-doo- better rsu!l (ban the name amount of time spent In any other way. What make the difference? The teacher motive In going, and her preparation for Important a leon. The field may be the schoolyard. In that cane the outdoor Uson should be many. In any case the field need not be large or far away, A vacant town bit, with Its weeds and a few trees, is Inexhaustible In its riches. "To the lover, especially of birds. Insects and plants, n the smallest area around a home will furnish sufficient material to satisfy all thirst of knowledge through the longest life, says Mrs. Mary Treat. Wherever the field may be, however large It may be, give your pupils an opportunity to learn something of the manners and customs of nature, the loves and hates of nature, the moods and purposes of nature, the struggles, ambitions, industries, politics, warfare of nature. There is more to a leaf than its serrate margin or its general shape. There is more to a flower than the names of its parts. There is more to an ant than its six legs and its tripartite body. Throw your textbooks aside and ramble awhile, now and then, in a green field or beside a singing brook. HICK rs. . . UTAH. By Anna Youngberg, critic teacher, Noimal Training School. (Continued from Last Week. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL. On account of its situation on the high Rocky Mountain Plateau, and the shelter afforded by the surrounding mountains, Utah has a climate peculiarly her own. The prevailing winds are from the Pacific. In crossing the lofty Sierras they part with their moisture and continue as dry winds over the plateau. The most marked peculiarity of the air is its exceeding clearness and dryness. This dry condition of the atmosphere has the effect of making the extremes of temperature less felt than in a humid climate. Difference in altitude naturally produces difference in climate. The mountains, therefore, have a temperature from 20 to 30 degrees lower than the valleys. The valleys are remarkable for their equable temperature, for their large number of clear, sunny days in the year, and for the healthfulness of their pure air. Rainfall. The &inds that leave their moisture on the Sierras, blow over' the , The valleys In the western part of the basin are almost entirely without rain because the mountains are too low to condense the moisture carried by the westerly winds. In the Colorado Uasln the high plateaus and mountains at an altitude of 10,000 fun deprive the winds of their moisture, ar.d receive nearly all the raJnfali of this region. FOIL. abundant ralnfail, being soluble In wu- ter, they are carried away or sink Into the earth with the rain. Whej-- th rainfall Is scant and where the dry feast n Is long, there 1 a great deal of evaporation, from the ground. When all the water near the surface has evaporated, leaving the mineral matter It hdd In solution on the surface, tho vater at a greater' depth Is drawn up, bringing with It still more mineral matter from the earth, until a thick coating of alkali has formed on the surface which the scant rains are not able to wash away. It has been found that by allowing the water from ditches to (low over and wash away the alkali crust, these lands heroine among tin-mo- st fertile. Natural Products and Resources Where water can be brought to the rich soil of the valleys, abundant crops of grain of fine quality are obtained, and all the fruits and vegetables of a. temperate climate are raised In large quantities. The fruits are especially noted not only for their abundance, but also their large size and excellent quality. In the warm valleys of southfruits and cotern Utah semi-tropic- al ton can be raised. At a higher altitude on the plateaus and low mountain lands, where the summer frost9 render agriculture impossible, there is an abundance of gTass which supports large herds of cattle and sheep. thus forming soil. At still higher elevations on the top The great work of running water in of the mountains and high plateaus are n rock can the forests which furnish timber for carrying away well be seen in its results in the Colo- various uses. rado Basini Here, however, the worn- It is to her underground reservoirs, down material is carried by the river to however, that Utah owes her wealth the ocean and only in a few places does and importance. Every mineral found it have an opportunity to spread out in the Rocky Mountains except tin is and become soil. Hence the valleys in found here, silver, lead and gold being this region that offer any inducement the most important. The mountains to the former are few. furnish nearly every kind of useful and In the Basin area, however, the ornamental building stone. streams carry down into the valleys and plains the soil worn from the mountains. The waves of the great in- The Delmonico Cafe. land sea which covered the Basin ages ago also did a great work in wearing Erastus Hansen. down the mountains and depositing Emil Nelson. rock material on its bottom. This is the rich, deep and almost inexhaustiFIRST CLASS MEALS. ble soil found in. the valleys today, water to make needing only THE BEST COFFEE IN THE CITY. it yield abundant crops'. There are large tracts of land in the Ladies and Gentlemens Lunch. Basin, known as alkali plains. They were at one time considered irredeem70 East Second South, able, but experience has proved that - UTAH the alkaline substances in the soil are SALT LAKE CITY, simply an excess of the very mineral matter which life gives and growth to the plant. These minerals Steinway Piaoos, mostly lime, potash and seda, are found in all the soils, but where there is D. O. Calder's Sons, 4547 W First SccPla Amcng the most important agencies at work upon the solid rock are rain, wind, frost, heat and running water. They break and grind it into small fragments, and expose it to decay together with plant and animal matter, wrorn-dow- a life-givi- ng unequalled |