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Show T 18 Ii IU1M1 n njvri IN CONSTANT WVLDON FAWCETT FMOTOJ COPYRIGHT W ALDOH faWCETT CHAIKED PERIL SWITCHMAN'S OCCUPATION OF EXTREME DANGER. ONE nd it n known lamls have turned their hands to work which, if no more picturis fully us esque. . laugei-inisThat great game wherein the and luxuries of life are whirled from one end of the continent to the oilier at a constantly increasing pace inis engaged many of the industrial pioneers. Among them, skirting the death lino us delicately as the aviator, the deep sea liver. Hie structural steel worker or the lipesman, stands the switchman. Without him the arteries of traffic would cense to flow. In a thousand yards, amid a bewildering maze of tracks und switches and under the pattering hall of cinders the switchman works, seemingly carelesa of the perils that beset his every footstep. Dangerous during the lay, the yards are trebly so at night and during the winter. One second's a slippery footboard, an grabiron, or even a mistaken signal by the engineer inay rausc his Inslnnt death or, less mercl fully, make him a helpless cripple for time-savin- record-breakin- pres-rnt-du- y FORM of American summer vacation life has shown greater exand developpansion ment during recent than camping. years The appeal of this method of getting bark to nature aeema to be well It asnigh universal. has no geosuredly graphical limits and it is not restricted to any Inclass of society. deed. strange as it may seem, many wealthy folk who have long been accustomed to the acme of luxury in their dally life are now most enthusiastic about roughing it" for an interval every year. Perhaps the secret of the conversion of these lovers of their own comfort to the camping fad Is found in the fact that every attribute of luxurious life Is now found in only slightly modified form in the unconventional life of the realm of woods and waters. There, could be no greater mistake on the part of the uninitiated than to suppose that camping out" in this twentieth century necessarily means the rather primitive existence we have always been wont to associate with the nomadic expeditions of hunters and fishermen. That form of life in the open Is still in vogue among a steadily growing number of devotees and they are, one to declare that it is the and all, only form of camping worth while. All the same these Bportsmen-camp-er- s who dwell for the most part in temporary habitations of canvas, brush or bark, are hopelessly in the minority these days in comparison d with the campers who dwell 1 what are known as permanent camps." These permanent camps are in many instances set down in surroundings Just as rustic and rugged as could be found for the temporary shelters, but they are designed for longer continuous occupancy. It is the permanent camp which has been responsible for enrolling in the category of campers hundreds and thousands of women who do not like bugs and smoky fires and other Inconveniences of traditional camp life in its more elementary form. And because the women have gone in for camp life In considerable numbers and have, of course, taken the children to the camp environment it has come about that the average permanent camp, unlike the makeshift affairs, is occupied for weeks or more likely months at a time and. where circumstam-eper mlt, continuously from June to October. O areli-asnes- d life. rt-ud- new-fangle- s The very term permanent camp Implies something much more costly and pretentious than the e tent or tepee of the camper, but while this is usually the case, it is not necessarily so. There are canvas abodes which rank as permanent camps, but they usually take the form of tent houses" rather than the hastily pitched tent of the nomad. A tent house, it may be explained. has the canvas roof and walls stretched on an Inexpensive wooden framework which gives a stability that is welcome when high winds prevail. Likewise does the tent house have a floor in .the form of a wooden platform sufficiently elevated from the ground to dodge dampness and most likely it has facilities for leading through the canvas roof a stovepipe which constitutes tha tangible evidence of cooking equipment of a more dependable character than the open campfire. In the less expensive grade of the permanent camp, too, are bark houspa that can be constructed quickly and at a very low cost yet will remain weather tight for months with no old-tim- attention. Ascending the scale of expenditures, we come to the cabins, the shingle houses and the stone lodges that have become so popular as rustic homes where the camp' is designed as a family abode for months at a time. And from these docamps, which may cost only a few hundred adllars apiece or at most a few thousand, we vance to those marvels of the modern camping world the log cabins of our multimillionaires, wherein may be found all the luxuries from tiled vebaths to electric light. These preseut-dahicles of the rich for roughing It" in approved fashion are really entitled to rank as marvels of Some of them, such as Yankee achievement. and J. Pierpont Vanderbilt Alfied of the camps" of the AdMorgan, are buried deep In the heart irondack wilderneaB milea from the nearest railroad station or crossroads store, and yet house entertained parties of from 20 to 30 guests are of detail all the with perfection at theae retreata hs to menus nud service that could reasonably be r xpi'cti d in u Newport villa tent with :i ;ru: orury camp a single-polIt has man uJvaui. .1 .I.i.st popular y e - X all of the United State! you will nut. require one. You do lint need a lot of fancy camp dishes, but require nt least one frylngpan. better coffee pot. riveted, two. a sheet-iroand some sort of cooking oven a Dutch oven of cast Iron. If your Iran portatlon admits it. Above all, you should remember that your campfire Is not your cooking fire and that you do not cook on the flames hut on the You bake with hot ashes coals. rather than with coals, because much camp cooking la burned when hurried. Of course in snowshooing and camping In the winter time you may find It better to suspend your boiling kettles over the flame by means of long sticks thrust Into the ground or snow at the other end. Such a stick is called by In other the Canadian Indians places it Is known as a crow." After your camp Is done you must be careful to throw this stick down and not leave ii standing, else you will have bad luck. In the eastern section of the country the Adirondack, and to a lesser extent the Catsklll mountains constitute the supreme paradise of the ramp-era- , although, there la much camping along the St. Lawrence river, in the lake district of New Hampshire and In the Blue Ridge mountains. In the middle states the shores of the (Jreat Lakes afford one camp ground and one of the most popular camping mercas in the entire world Is embraced In the beautiful lake regions of Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin, where the smaller sheets of water seem to enable a closer acquaintance with nature In her most alluring form. Colorado has become a great camp ground for summer tourists of late years and on the Pacific coast there is no end of camping. All aorta of settings are available for the west coast campers woodland, seashore and mountains, not forgetting that picturesque tent city" which rises every summer nu the alluring Coronado beach, near San Diego, Cal. pretty much n la a bed. The pole should be Jointed and that la the one concession to civilization, because you might have to camp where you could not get the right pole and because you cannot well carry a tent pole In a bag. And all your outfit should be carried In a bag or bundle, without a single box or hard package bigger than your and kettle. The Indiana would not have dragged their teepee polea around with them had they been able to get fresh ones at every camp. Tent pins you can get In metal; but while they are compact they are too heavy for carriage, so theae you must cut afresh. full-lengt- h u In size your peaked top tent need be only about seven feet square to accommodate two or three persons. The fly will make a storeroom, If necessary. These canvaaes will make Into packs to hold loose articles. In case your canvas park bags get overcrowded. Of course you ran camp without any lent at all. If you like. The writer and a friend once spent a night in the Yellowstone park in winter, when the thermometer was 26 degrees below xero and we had no tent, only a strip of light canvas. AVe dug a hole In six feet of snow and kept a Are going all night. That sort of thing is cold work, though a tent would not have helped us much. The trapper, who sometimes covers hundred miles on bis or log hovels with open line of traps, has lean-to- s fronts, so that he can keep a fire going In case he has not a cabin or tent with a stove. Even a good log fire does not offer complete comfort in case of rain. Rainy weather is far worse than mid weather and snow In camp and against rain you must have some sort of a roof. Bark and bought sound well, but are hard to get Into practical roofing shape. Your bed ought to be good, for if you do not sleep comfortably you cannot enjoy yourself nr do your work. A good bough bed is difficult and slow to make, although most writers prate about it learnedly. Again, hay or straw may be impossible to secure. What then? An sir mattress? A good pair of ('prtHinl.v not for any real wool blankets, weighing in the neighborhood of II or 12 pounds, a heavy cotton comforter and a long strip or wide canvas to roll it all up in tight and snug and dry, and you have a bod, the beM outdoor lied ever yet Invented, and good for any weutlicr. Observe, especially, that this canvas, which folds in over your folded bedclothes, keeps out the dust and the rain. Your lied should be clean and it must be dry. Roll It tight and compact and tie II snugly when you move rump Your camp site should never In fly time be too near I he water, Get up on Ihe bluff where th wind will strike you and you will be much old-time- s Denlli, or his companion, ' disablement, stares the switchman in the Tace at every turn. A huge chunk of coal may topple upon his head from an overloaded car, a pin may stick and in the hurried effort to right the knuckle before the cars meet his hand may be cruahcd. Unheard trains may loss him when he rounds Ihe end of a string of curs. While pulling a pin on a sharp curve to make a drop" he may be caught between the corners of the ears and hia ribs staved in. One of his perils, and It may seem trivia, although really It disables more switchmen than any other accl-len- t, is the roundhead." Now, an Innocent stone about the size of tjaseball mny not look dangerous ex cept It be In the hands of an enemy but attempt to leave a box car bumping along at the rate of 12 miles an hour, alight on one of these "round' A heads, and see what happens. switchman is fortunate if he escapes with a sprained ankle, for it is a alin-olmatter to roll under the wheels Just to show that the statement made regarding the perilous nature of the switchman's railing Is not can although confirmation easily be found in bulletin No. 4. Issued by the census department, the following figures, quoted at a recent Investigation, are cited: During the 13 mouths from January 1, 1909, to Jan' were nary 31, 1910, 60 switchmen killed in the Chicago yards alone Startling enough In Itself, this record does not give the numbers of those who were temporarily disabled or permanently crippled. Only the roads have these records and they do not court publicity or even divulge the number of personal Injury reports landed in each year. e exag-gerated- Be- lowed to Run. The I'cieni failure of a little rall-- r mil up state brought out a story of the financial straits in which the road -- the S. & C. it may be called itfor want of a better name--fouself bomewiiut mure than two years ago. says the New York Sun. It seems that the lit lie road had been leased for years to a newly organized company which planned extcusiou and issued bonds w liicli were fairly well recited on foreigu exchanges but which proved difficult of negotiation in New York. There was very little income from the few miles of road in operation but considerable outgo for construction work. As a result the railway company found itself before long in serious financial straits. Just at the worst laissible time along came a creditor with a bill, 90 days overdue. for $265. He got an attachment igaiust Hie raihoad and took the first train up state to serve it. Wlif'ii lie reached the terminus of Hie little road he found a tiny stiitlun no bigger tliun a New York elevated station and presided over by a ticket agent, a bunch of old liuielables and a few rickety chairs. In the roundhouse was a rusty, old style engine Hull laid simply refused to take anut her trip and had lain down to rest ils decrepit old bones The other engine was making its daily run on tTie 8. & 0. system. Apparently the ouly thing for the mail with the $263 claim to do was to return to New York; but he showed himself to be a man of reaourre. Ils went to (he town blacksmith and bought a heavy steel chain and a ponderous padlock. When the train pulled in that night the creditor attached the locomotive, legally by means of his writ and physically by iiicutis of his chain and his padlock, which he slipped through the driving wheels and under the ralla. It was m strategic move, for It completely tied up the railroad. In the end the train crew, the G. P. A. and what few local officials the road could boast chipped In and raised (he $266. Then the creditor removed the chain and traffic on the 8. & C. was The frontier Ik fust disappearing and the hardy pioneer who packed his pelts or harvested his si'unty crops under i he eyes of hostile Indiana is merely an heroic figure in history. Hut the industrial frontier und the pioneer workman will never liccoino tilings of the past. The wntiirrsniiie spirits who 100 years iiko would hate pushed wes- into RAILR0AD Fersiatsrt Creditor Got His Money fore the Lons Engine Was Al- Dns Moment' Carelessness or tha Moat Trivial of Accidental and Hia Uaefulneaa, if Not Hia Life, la Ended. tward UP THE Weather as Causa of Accidents. fold and sleet and snow, with high winds driving through the blackness of night In dead of winter, always prompt the man expecting a friend by Miine train at a particular hour and minute to congratulate himself if he shall bo late, aa he anticipates that such weather almost certainly will delay Ills friend's train. But not only doea aucli weather delay trains but often It may prevent an engineer's seeing the red disk In the block or the red light of a flagmans lantern and urgs him on Into a rear end collision that may be a horror In railwuy annals. At the present time railroad travel perhaps Is safer than ever it was before. Only recently several great companies in the United States have operated trains a full year without killing one of millions of passengers. Some unknown, unwritten, ununder-standabllaw of chance seems to govern accidental casualties and killings. One may ride 500,090 miles on a railroad without ever experiencing the sudden application of the airbrake, but in crossing a city street on his way home a trolley car, automobile or coal wngon may run him down and kill him in a second. Pension of Railroad Men. According to the latest estimates obtainable there are 647,269 railroad employees In the United States In line for (tensions. This Is shout 40 per cent, of the total number of railroad employees in this country, says the Buffalo News. Thirteen railroads report that 4,659 men drew pensions aggregating $914,695.10 in the fiscal year ending on June 30, 1907. A number of railroads have had unofficial pension systems for many Among these is the Central years. Accommodation for invalids. Railroad of New Jersey; the New Invalid railroad travelers in Switzerland will hooii be aide to enjoy all the York Central also granted pensions comforts of a well equipped sickroom. before it put into effect Its official plan The Swiss federal railroads have Just mi January 1. 1901. The officials In ordered four Pullman coaches special- charge of the pension department of 125.-90ly fitted for tlie transMrl of invalids. the New York Central, with Its employees, estimate that the new Each ear, costing $12,009, will be divided into seven compartments, the plan will add 1,500 to 2,000 men a year center enmpartment being for the pa- to the number already drawing tients. There is to be an operating room for urgent cases requiring ImA Sad Place. mediate surgical treatment and another compartment will be equipped A man just back from a Jaunt in as a pharmacy. Electric bed warm- the woods was trying to tel! a friend ers and bath healers will be provided. of the pleasant place where he had The other compartments will he set ramped, the name of which he had ARMYS NEW TELESCOPE apart for doctors, nurses and friends for the moment forgotten. of the patients. It was in a bend of that line trout stream up there, you know, he said, After years of patient experimenting Dana Dudcan't remember the name though Decide to Retain Brakemen. ley of Wakefield, Maas., has Just had the satisfaction of having his "pan angle" telescope adopted Tin railroad commission of Can- It's a sort of Indian name, meant by the war department of the United States. The ada, after a hearing, has decided not Weeping Water.'" Oh," said his friend, it must have invention is simple In its construction, yet. it is to recommend the running of freight been the Mlnnebooboo. The Sunday conrevolutionize It said, may modern warfare. trains without brokemcn on the tops sists of reflecting lenses so arranged at angles in of ihe box cars. There was a demand Magazine. a tube that persona or objects above or below and that such a recommendation be made on all sides may be viewed from a place of concealIn order to make practicable the buildCrow Butts a Locomotive. ment. The device as constructed for use in war ing of overhead hridges at a lower While bis train wna running at high fare is arranged so that even on disappearing guns elevation, and thus In some cast's re- speed through Loralne, Ua., Edward or guns used In trenches and fired from any point duce the cost of putting in such Gessler, engineer of a Reading railinvisible from the exterior the operator may ascer- bridges where needed for the abolition road express, was startled by the tain the location of the enemy, target or other ob- of level crossings. crashing of the glass In his rab, jective point without exposing himself. Philadelagainst which a crow that came flying phia Record. across the track had dashed. Canadian Railroad Mileage. Gessler almost had his cyeH rut out Canada's total railroad mileage last the flying glass. Hu was painfully means was This by miles. ."0,3::n July IN A FIX. that there is one mile of railway for rut in the face and is unable tc attend to hia duties. every 200 inhabitants. "That uterk of mine is going to ask me for my Growth of Canadian Road. daughter. He ain't earning enough to marry on." The Ottoman government has a Well?" Canada's mileage of railroads In op of 14 French engineers surrompnny But if 1 bring up that objection he'll strike ms veying a railroad which is to connect eratinn increased last year by 1,13$ oirier-Jounia- l fur a salary raise." Iamlsvllie miles. Sana with lindelah, on the Red sea, far-flun- g 0 I ' I |