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Show AMERICAN FORK CITIZEN, AMERICAN FORK, UTAH '( i 4 i H .i Liberal Ground Swell Sweeping Over Europe Underground Coalesces Democratic Groups In Fight for Popular Government; Look to 'Big Three.' By BAUKIIAGE News Analyit WNV Service, Union Trust Boildlnf Washington, D. C. As the New Year approaches, Washington is preparing to experience experi-ence the results of two titanic struggles strug-gles which will chart the course followed fol-lowed by this nation and the world In the decades ahead. One contest will be witnessed on the floors of congress. The other In some unnamed spot where President Presi-dent Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, Marshal Stalin and perhaps per-haps General De Gaulle will sit down and try to agree on details of the framework of an international organization or-ganization for the maintenance of peace. The election was supposed to have settled the old issue of "isolationism "isola-tionism versus internationalism" but those terms were far too indefinite to delimit any lasting decisions and lnce November our allies have been strewing land-mines of doubt along the way, causing many cases of non-interventionist jitters in con-, gress. There will be debate In the senate flavored with remarks, the tenor of those which criticized the British course in Greece. ' At to the battle behind closed doors, you can imagine that the American viewpoint will need all the support the President can rally behind it, to overcome the tendency of Messrs. Churchill, Stalin and De Gaulle to faU into all the old bad habits of their happy power politics days. In order to understand the differences differ-ences which bave already arisen between be-tween those who support British armed intervention in Greece and those who support the state department's depart-ment's action in protesting against It, it it necessary to take a look behind be-hind the scenes and see what these forces are which are bound to shape the new governments of Europe Eu-rope as they are re-born after the period of democratic hibernation during Nazi-fascist occupation or control. V. S. Favor Self Rule In the first place, there is a powerful, pow-erful, liberal-oriented ground swell to be discerned everywhere if we look for It It is the belief that, eventually, even-tually, this force will 'dominate, which has prompted the American "hands-off" policy. Uncle Sam merely aays: "Let U. people of the various countries choose the form of government they want Those who want democracy enough will get it if there is no outside interference." That is one thing to bear in mind. Another is that this ground swell, as I call it is the result of many different dif-ferent factors not merely hunger hun-ger and discontent or faith and enlightenment; en-lightenment; not only inspiration or desperation, but aspiration aa well, aspiration toward the natural historical his-torical and evolutionary goals of progress which are a part of man's eternal struggle for liberty. The reaction against Nazi tyranny and the successful resistance to German control in the form of the underground, generated certain forces toward freedom and independence. inde-pendence. The underground made Its own laws, gave opportunity for the coalescence and strengthening of all democratic movements. It was natural, when the Germans were driven out that these forces refused re-fused to bow to representatives of any regime, no mattter how beneficent benefi-cent If It had about It even the slightest odor of sanctified feudal-lam. feudal-lam. It is necessary to get this premise firmly fixed in our minds or else fall Into the error of writing off every ev-ery revolutionary movement as "communist," including some certainly cer-tainly no whit less virtuous than our own in 1776. It Is well to study the France of today In this connection, and interesting inter-esting to note the comment which appeared in the French press at the time of the first revolts In Belgium and later In Greece where Allied support was given the government in power The "Franc-Tireur," Whose name Indicates the "underground" flavor of Its opinion, explains why, so far, France has had no such internal inter-nal trouble. "It has been our great good fortune." for-tune." it says, "to have a man to protect our honor and prepare the BRIEFS There is a new dodge In tax-dodging. A black money market which cashes bit; checks, thus preventing the retold of deposits. But look out, some of those cash deposits may bounce as hijjh as a rubber check That great sporting race, the Japs, recently organized weight-currying weight-currying lace around the Island of Java The natives did the carryir". 'fSloi ) and Commentate liberation, who had such character and personality that he is universally univer-sally accepted, acclaimed and followed fol-lowed by the entire nation as our leading member of the resistance." The lust seven words are the Important ones "a our leading member of the resistance." In other words. De Gaulle was able to lead his fellow countrymen into liberation without chaos because he hud the approval of the most active ac-tive and most militantly democratic democrat-ic elements of the underground. New Spirit In Greece Papandrtou, premier of Greece during the revolt, with all his virtues, vir-tues, was no De Gaulle in that respect. re-spect. I was reliably informed that Papandreou had expressed firm anti-monarchic sentiments, that he is, as he says, a democrat and a socialist, that he had a clean rec ord through the occupation. But and what a "but" there is, Judged by such standards as I Imagine "Franc-Tireur" would hold up Papandreou was selected by the King with British consent. The motives mo-tives back of his election may have been honest enough and practical enough from the standpoint of the old order. Here was a man with a good record who, it would seem, could reconcile the royalists and the leftists. But that formula itself violates the very principles of the hew order, and when the left-wingers began to feel that the cabinet was monarchist and British-made, they withdrew and their followers refused to give up their weapons. All armed groups in Greece not absorbed officially by the army were ordered to turn in their arms. The police, of course, did not turn In their arms and they were the same police who had helped the prewar pre-war Metaxas dictatorship, and later the Germans, "keep order." The "sacred battalion," a group composed com-posed chiefly of former Greek officers offi-cers who fought bravely beside the Allies all through the African campaign cam-paign (and were Charged with containing con-taining a strong monarchist element) ele-ment) was not disbanded but became a part of the army. Translate the above into terms of the French attitude and see how Impossible acceptance of a Greek government such as that could be to groups thinking as the French resistance groups think. There is every reason to believe that the leftist movement In Greece and elsewhere in Europe, even where the majority of their leaders may be led by communists (as was not the case in Greece) is actually at heart a drive against tyranny and toward democracy. Here again it might be wise to examine some of the opinion expressed ex-pressed by Frenchmen now backing back-ing the De Gaulle provisional government gov-ernment which is a product of the forces similar to those operating in other liberated countries. The leading editorial in the December issue of "Free France," that attractive and informative magazine published in New York by the French provisional government gives the reasons for the change of attitude toward the French communists com-munists as follows: 1. The French communist party Joined the resistance movement and later gave its allegiance to De Gaulle's national committee. 2. The Comintern was dissolved. 3. The communists rendered invaluable in-valuable aid to the resistance movement. 4. The striking collaboration of all French patriots in the underground struggle removed many prejudices. Including the suspicion of "communists "com-munists sans patrie" (a political group with loyalty to no fatherland). The editors of Free France cautiously cau-tiously state that it is too early to answer the important question: Have the French communists accepted ac-cepted democracy as It is understood under-stood by the western -democracies? Nevertheless, they note for the record rec-ord that so far "the communists helped to draw up the National Resistance Re-sistance council program of March, 1944, tacitly accepting the democratic democrat-ic principle" and "the abolition of private property is not listed among the immediate demands of the communist com-munist party." by Baukhage Great Britain has found that true love (even in Greece doesn't always run smooth. The appointment of Archibald Mc-I.eish Mc-I.eish as assistant secretary of state was opposed by certain senators sena-tors and others on the ground that he was a poft It is well tliev didn't have to pass on the confirmation confirma-tion of John 11. iy! -WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Tighten Home As War Enters 112,728 Japs .Rtlcastd by Wvsttrn Nwpapr Union (EDITOR'S NOTKi Wka lal( r til'iml la thM lama. thj r M WnMra Uat' aaaJriU Marllr ( this aawapaaar.) If- .Ji - Liberated from work In German factory la Alsace, Ukrainian girls lift Lt. J. B. Keeley of Houston, Tex., to shoulders. JJ PACIFIC: Score Again Two months after U. S. troops stormed ashore on Leyte island in the Philippines, that enemy strong-point strong-point felt with the total of 112.728 Japanese killed and only 493 captured, cap-tured, again indicating the fanaticism fanati-cism of the foe's stand. Striking at the level eastern side of Leyte, General Mac-Arthnr'a Mac-Arthnr'a forces soon rolled the Japaneae back to the mountainous mountain-ous western portion, then struck at the heart of their defenses there by driving southward down the Ortnoc corridor. The enemy's fate was sealed when the U. 8. 77th division landed below Ormoc and then thrust up the corridor to meet the advancing ad-vancing doughboys. Besides suffering huge casualties, casual-ties, the Leyte campaign cost the enemy 2,748 planes, 27 warships and 41 troop transports. U. S. troop casualties were put at 2,623 dead, 8,422 wounded and 172 missing. HOME FRONT: Tighten Controls With the nation now locked in one of the most critical stages of the war, the government moved on a broad front to assure the effective prosecution of the conflict. Iln a dramatic step. War Mobilization Mobili-zation Director James F. Byrnes called upon the country's 80 race tracks employing 40,000 people to suspend future meetings, and also directed draft boards to reexamine the physical status of all professional profession-al athletes previously classified 4-F. Although the turfmen's ready compliance with Byrnes' appeal provided pro-vided ail additional labor pool for the nation's hard pressed war in dustry, it was indicated that the closure of the tracks was prompted 'just as much by workers' absenteeism absentee-ism to attend the races from near by plants. Review of the 4-F standing of professional pro-fessional athletes threatened the j wartime future of commercial sport I since numerous younger performers perform-ers already have been lost to the services and a scattering of 4-Fs and vets are helping hold many such enterprises together. 2 In another move to assure full-est full-est utilization of manpower and materials, the War Production board was authorized to withdraw any priorities pri-orities or allocations of materials to plants found violating War Manpower Manpow-er commission ceilings on their employment em-ployment or regulations dealing with the hiring of help. At the same time, the WMC itself ' was given authority to enforce its regulations pointed toward the most 'effective distribution of labor for war production. 3 With civilian supplies of many items reported at the lowest point since the war began, OPA restored control over major food products to assure equitable distribution,' distri-bution,' In meats, rationing was reestablished reestab-lished on grade D beef, better cuts of veal. bacon, pork shoulders, should-ers, spareribs. beef and veal liver and items in tin or glass, but each individual's stamp allocation was boosted from 30 to 50 points in January. Janu-ary. Also placed back on rationing were such canned vegetables as peas,' corn, green and wax beans, asparagus as-paragus and spinach. In tightening up on sugar allotments, allot-ments, individual quotas of five pounds were stretched from 10 weeks to three months, and oil canning can-ning certificates, except No 34, were cancelled Red point value of butter was boosted .from 20 to 24 per pound. RURAL HOl'SINc; Possibility of the availability of "ffeaf'fa'hr- -to '"eofiUfactiMi "6f rural low-rent housing as a postwar project was seen in the Federal Pub lie Housing auth.irity's action in i calling upon Hur,i Housing aulhon. ties to submit applications for allotments al-lotments Under the prewar low-rent program pro-gram only a limited amount of rural housing was built, unl-y 515 (ami houses being coii.sti m-l.-d, although nearly 8.0(M) others vu-ie under loan contract . that ami- Front Controls Critical Stage; Killed on Leyte 'iJMr,' " " if" ' EUROPE: Yanks Stiffen In what Allied headquarters said was a brilliant operation, conceived by Adolf Hitler but worked out by Field Marshal Von Rund.iedt, the great German winter offensive ground onward, moving slower after the first surprising rush with the steady organization of the U. S. defense. de-fense. As the enemy's attack developed, he threw one arm northwestward toward Namur. in what was described de-scribed as an effort to cut off all Allied forces, in Belgium and Holland, Hol-land, and he flung another arm southwestward toward Sedan, historic his-toric gateway to France and scene of the great Nazi break-through of 1940. Although Von Rundstedt employed two whole armies of about 300,000 men, and was said to have another 90,000 men in reserve, German progress prog-ress appreciably slowed after the first great push carried them around Stavelot and Bastogne. Reacting to the enemy drive, U. S. forces vigorously vig-orously counter-attacked the tips of the advancing westward spearheads, and smashed into the sides of the big German bulge in Belgium to the north and Little Luxembourg to the south. While the Germans concentrated on the U. S. First army front they sent patrol after patrol into British During Nasi artillery barrage, 1st army Infantrymen talc cover ia snow-Mled ditch. lines to the north in Holland, searching search-ing for weaknesses that might invite an attempt to roll Montgomery's forces up against the Americans. As the German offensive progressed, pro-gressed, it was favored by continued bad flying weather, with the murky skies preventing full sustained use of the mighty Allied aerial fleets. Taking advantage of every break in the overcast, however, hundreds of U. S. and British heavy bombers hammered German communication lines behind the front, while swarms of fighters, seeping through tough opposition, swooped low to plaster the enemy's moving troop and supply sup-ply columns. Russ Advance While the battle raged In the w.est Russian forces continued their drive in Hungary, ringing the once picturesque, pic-turesque, now smouldering, capital of Budapest, and biting deeply into Czechoslovakia farther to the north. As the Russian drive developed, they stood about 90 miles from Vienna, Vi-enna, before which German labor forces reputedly were hastily erecting erect-ing fortifications. In Greece, civil warfare between the Leftist r LAS and Rightist and British tmui.s raged as Prime Minister Min-ister ChurchiM and Foreign Secretary Secre-tary Eden (I.-w to Athens In a dramatic dra-matic effort ;o draw the opposing forces together in a compromise government u restore order. Churchill s personal flight to Athens Ath-ens underlined Great Britain'a interest in-terest in si.,..,iuing the situation In a country standing on the threshold of the Suez canal and the Mediterranean Mediter-ranean sea. hfeline of the British empire. On Nation's Hero Roll Tn Cuiiinm Arthur ). !-awton of Varum, Mil , Mi-nl the Silver Star for rtrririimri .faiflry. In Normandy, hi'imr, hi' mi mlfuncing with hi com-mm com-mm ih.'uUfli a i ry heavy artillery, bpr-raxe bpr-raxe I h.iuli lmhy thmpnel and re-(liiiiinn re-(liiiiinn in, it , ,1 nid, he rnrried on, de-trrmmril de-trrmmril i., ,., duty, tt hen the unit kim Inn vil i,, nnlidraw, he and tevernl oli.-r i nieirir urrt in enemy mMm In (.,!.. ,,j ftninflll wund, he (Hmc hit inn Imrk to friendly tinei iilei haiim dm aided other to suely. MEAT PROSPECTS: Less Pigs ' Originally scheduled to tumble t approximately 128 pounds In 1945, civilian meat production may drop even further If farmers perslal In their intentions to cut their Spring pig production down 7 pei cent instead of raising It 2 per cenl as suggested by the War Food administration. ad-ministration. The department of agriculture'i revelation of farmers' Intentions ai of December 1 came as it was reported re-ported that the recent huge grain harvests assured the country ol bumper feed supplies through 1945. Of all stocks, only barley may rut short, what with the 352.000.OOC bushel supply 76.000,000 bushels below be-low the last year, but such a deflcii will more than be made up by thf record 3,128,000,000 bushels of corn. Since some of the farmers listed short feed supplies in their areas at one of the reasons for their reduction reduc-tion in spring pig production, efficient effi-cient distribution of existing supplies sup-plies may result in alteration ol their plans. Other reasons given for cutting output were marketing difficulties dif-ficulties and dissatisfaction with prices. Postwar Army Declaring that the U. S. probably prob-ably would be the first object of aggressors in any new war, the army called for one year of training for youths to prepare them properly for the rigors of conflict. In advocating a force of trained reserves, the army ruled out the alternative of a standing military organization and national guard big enough to meet the initial attack of any enemy as wholly impracticable impracti-cable and too expensive. Under the army's program, balanced units of air, ground and service forces would be built up, to assure well-rounded offensive or defensive operations following mobilization. In calling for one year of strict military training, the army took issue with those advocating ad-vocating supplementary instructions instruc-tions for trainees in other fields. TIRES: Cut Output Because of the necessity of diverting divert-ing manpower and facilities to the manufacture of military tires, the War Production board ordered the output of passenger tires slashed by 3,000,000 to 5,000,000 during the first quarter of 1945, thus blasting many "A" card holders' hopes of receiving re-ceiving new cords through the year. As a result of WPB's action, "A" card holders were faced with the prospect of riding on their old tires throughout 1945, or having worn cords recapped. At the same time, "B" and "C" card holders were warned that their share of supplies also would be cut, and they were told to recap, conserve con-serve tires and participate in car pools if they expect to keep their vehicles on the road during 1945. Except for light and heavy-heavy off highway truck tires, production of commercial truck cords for 1945 will be increased, WPB said. POSTWAR BUSINESS: Transport Orders Anticipated expenditures of the railroads and intercity bus lines to fill demands laid over from wartime war-time should provide the basis for substantial employment in the postwar post-war period. It is believed. Of the two, the railroads are expected ex-pected to make the heaviest expenditures, ex-penditures, with prospects that they will not only lay out $1,220,000,000 for normal yearly improvements, but an additional $300,000.000 . annually an-nually until they catch up with wartime war-time arrearages. In reviewing needs, industry spokesmen .said that orders for freight cars should approximate the 1941 total of 118.000, and over 2,000 passenger cars yearly also may be purchased. With thousands of locomotives loco-motives over 25 years old in use scheduled for the scrap pile, re placement needs will be great. In addition new rail and other track equipment will have to be installed to supplant material subjected to heavy wartime wear. In using their large wartime earn- ings to retire debt and build ud cash and other reserves, the rail roads have improved their invest ment position in the postwar period. Although the intercity bus indus try's postwar outlays will not match the railroads , of course, they will be heavy since no less than 6.000 busses costing $90,000,000 will hp needed to replace old equipment a"nd less appealing victory models and also meet an anticipated business DOOSl. At the same time, thousand. of workers will be needed to rehabilitate re-habilitate equipment worth keeping Industry spokesmen said. HOME CANNING I" . , nearly , 25 , mjlW jw during the past "year home canneis were Dusy. and their efforts resulted in an estimated 3 billion. om mil. lion quarts of canned food Kmi mates from a small survey recently completed by the I'SDA 'show the total supply of fo.,.d ranne, M honul . . .- i, ' seems to oc anout equally duided between fruits and vcticUbles Sinn lar figures for previous ve,-irs an, not available, but a privmc P,n m dicates a 15 per cent decrease I,,,,,, last year til! y lint From a Bit Serge SuUt Before Morton Downer departed for overseas he was the only enter-talner enter-talner Invited to perform before all chlefs of staff in Washington. Gen. Hap Arnold threw it . . Tony Martin, the screen star thrush, is now a staff sgt. with the Army to France. . . Eileen Barton, Sinatra's Si-natra's new canary (and so easy on the ears. too), is making beautiful melodies with an up-and-coming swoon-singer named Tad Bruce. Radio reports a 400 million dollar "take" for 1944. Highest income in-come in radio history. . . Wendell Corey (he plays the lead opposite star Gertrude Lawrence In her new touring show) had a tiny part aa a sergeant in "Follow the Girls." . . . Wonderful little Margaret O'Brien is waiting permlsh from her movie boss to do her own radio program. Heading a panel of quiz kidlets. . . . According to an OPA bulletin there are 30 billion cigarettes in stores in the U. S. right now. The Intelligentsia: John B. Kennedy Ken-nedy is one of the few news analysts who can take the teletype's prosaic reports and turn them into words that march like armies. He steamrollered steam-rollered American bigots and left them flatter than their heads. . . . CBS reporter Bill Downs' deft description de-scription of captured Nazis: "They have the look of men caught stealing." steal-ing." . . . Criticism over the film, The 7th Cross" (alleging it portrayed por-trayed "cood" Germans), astonished author Helen Deutsch, who points out that the action in It takes place in 1938 When the underground Germans Ger-mans were trying to purge the nation na-tion of the wicked, etc. The good Germans, she adds. Included, the Manns. Einsteins and other refugees. refu-gees. . . . Pert Lee Carson, the INS girl correspondent covering the war In Europe, inherited the spot vacated by the ailing Richard Tre-gaskls. Tre-gaskls. She's with the 1st Army. Richard was invalided home after more years of war than most men I would care to have any part of. . . . Irving Berlin, his own music publisher pub-lisher since Sept. 15th, has already sold 700,000 copies of two songs: "White Christmas" and "Alwaya." The latter is 18 years old. Quotation Marksmanship: H. Q. Wells: Moral indignation is Jealousy with a halo. . . . Anon: Snow slowly laundering the countryside. . . . The quote recently credited to EL Broun, "Experience is what men call their mistakes," should have been credited to O. Wilde. Then we are informed that Musset once penned: "Experience is the name men give to their follies or their sorrows." . . . Alan Gale: Was it the Atlantic Charter or Just so much Atlantic chatter? . . , Bob Burns' advice to after-dinner speakers: Stand up to be seen, speak up to be heard and shut up to be appreciated! appreciat-ed! .. . Eggleston: Journalism is organized gossip. i The Wireless: We liked the reunion re-union with Roy Shields' show. This listener hasn't had an opportunity to enjoy it for some time. It remains re-mains A-onederful, displaying silky music trimmed with literary lace continuity. . . . Ethel Barrymore'i regular spot on the dial proves ra-dio ra-dio drama has emerged from the knee-pants stage, despite soft soap operas. Amazing how ordinary dialogue dia-logue glitters athon H fomes in contact con-tact with Ethel's magical voice. . . . Within three hours one station stabs the air with 25 singing commercial imellodies. One dose of that and you turn into Marconi's sworn ene my. .. . Wheezes about shortages skidded Into deserved oblivion recently, re-cently, but the ciggie shortage spoiled it. If you recall the cracks about sugar, coffee, meat, et all. you know all the cigags. The Story Tellers: For those trapped in the illusion that fame comes on a silver platter. Pic mag traces careers of various celebs and proves no one climbs the ladder of success without picking up splinters. In the Atlantic Monthly. W. Lippmann examines the stumbling blocks that miKht become tombstones tomb-stones for the post-war world. You don't have to wait for tomorrow's events to confirm his warnings just read today's front pages. ... Ira Wolf en turniMn a vivid Job of translating trans-lating soldiers' emotions with his typewriter via Esquire. A GI's long-Ins long-Ins for home is something so great "it takes the mind up as with teeth and shakes It and bangs lt and rakes it with aching." . . . Drew I'eaison gets as much out of tea. eaves as Aladdin got from his lamp. His forecast in Cosmopolite f Al-hed Al-hed diplomatic troubles in 1945 has already come true. 'nl ..u Untern": A cinematic ..or town loaded with dramatic ol..i kbusters exploding emotional dy-finite dy-finite Thi. is a stirring tribute to America', 4-mile-a-minute.men who Save made the skie, fe for 48 '." Un2 my they fly , ""Hywood Canteen" displays a -'ring jamboree running the diver--'i. Kunutfroinahtozing. Listing mms mighty names is all the "- Jt needs They orovide the ! P",en' ex;,mf,le ' amusement "'ice laughs were invented. CLASSIFI? PB PARTIES OFFICEEfjmp POULTRY WIIITF. I t r-r -v-vmuttv INSURE your poultr, 1 PUM i top r.nknilj Ughorn chicks h.MThJ?fc55i 100 Vlumr disc ,m w1'! ORABAM IMT. KHir..., SCHOOLS Salt Lake Barber Mir. CUMO. V,',.' .. tor ma U on. no u. TRAPPER'S RTTdptI Edwards' Wojf W0K6I EDWARDS, Uwj Used Cars Tr Political Parties ForJ In Many Ix)calIW 1 Despite the dominant i ical parties in this counftj sands of local public oftj filled today in nonptrti maries and elections, trn lier's. California, Nor&J and many other states fob judicial and local offlceni the use of party daira while Minnesota and 12 also choose members of S? islatures by this system. ) Moreover. 1.24ft l i cities with over 5,000 pojr elect their councilmeo otW us an Dauots. easy way to UIICOW NOSTRILS Nostrils dogged, membranes swollen? Quick, spread tooling Mentholstum in nostrils. Snuff well back. 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