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Show AMERICAN FORK CITIZEN -Weekly News Analysis Congress Speeds U. S. Defense: Okay Army Bill, Plan Big Ships By Joseph W. La Dine EDITOR'S NOTE Whm mpiaiota tit rptttd la thtm emlummt, tby trt thou ol th Dtwt uf, fi mmt aacauany tht ttwptptr. Defense On January 1, 1938, Japan scrapped her 5-5 3 naval treaty with the U. S. and Britain. Subsequently an arms race started on both land and sea. precipitated each time Der Fuehrer or Ii Duce made an aggressive ag-gressive step. In the U. S., even loudmouthed congressmen were loathe to think of defense In terms of actual Invasion until self-right-eous Germany swiped Czecho-Slo-vakia and Memel. Two weeks later congress got down to talking cases, passing an unprecedented $513,188,-000 $513,188,-000 army appropriations bill In Jig time after war talk like this In the senate: Oklahoma's Thomas: "Every nation na-tion must be ready every moment ... to defend itself." Utah's King: 'The only possible danger is from Japan, and . . . Japan is beating her head against a stone wall in China. Even if Gcr- r . y i SENATOR LUNDEEN He favored Hider technique. many should defeat England, I haven't the slightest idea that would endanger us." Indiana's Minton: "Germany might obtain Bermuda or part of Canada." Minnesota's Londeen: "Then let the United States seize Bermuda and Britain's West Indian possessions posses-sions to force payment of her war debts. Andrew Jackson set a precedent prece-dent in collecting a debt from France by threatening to seize French territory in this hemisphere." hemi-sphere." Indiana's Minton: "That would be adopting the technique of Hitler." Hit-ler." Having boosted army funds $52,-987,000 $52,-987,000 over the current year's appropriation, ap-propriation, congress had next to consider navy news from the White House. Admitting Japan's secret navaj program was one reason. President Roosevelt approved two 45,000-ton super super-battleships to cost $95,000,000 each, bigger than any yet conceived and capable of squeezing through the Panama canal with two feet to spare on either side. One good reason: By showing that the U. S. is able to out-arm any other nation, Japan might be forced back into a limitation treaty. Present U. S. strength Includes !5 capital ships (one nearing obsolescence) ob-solescence) ranging from 27.000 to 32.000 tons. Six more are authorized. author-ized. BritaU has 15 capital ships in the same category, plus the 42,-600-tan Hood and nine other boats underway. Last Japanese report (in 1936) showed 10 capital ships, none over 33,000 tons, and three under un-der -construction. Vague rumors siice then Indicate about1 five new super dreadnaughti of excessive tonnage. ton-nage. Treaty or not, both Britain arid the U. S feel obligated to maintain main-tain a 5-5-3 ratio even though the yorld's third largest sea power sets the Date. Agriculture r' ' - Though the house approved an $816,513,000 agriculture appropriations appropria-tions bill ($499,500,000 of which is for soil conservation benefit payments) the measure was far more significant signifi-cant for two exclusions: (1) Parity. Not included in the Trend llow the wind it blowing . . . WEALTH WESTWARD Fleeing European war scares, $56,204,000 in gold largest consignment on record arrived in New York on the S. S. Manhattan. MATURING UNIONISM In 1938, U. S. labor strikes dropped 50 per cent and union membership member-ship hit a record high of 8.000.000. Reason given by the labor department: depart-ment: Transition in management-employee management-employee relationship. FARM HEADACHE More than 40 per cent of the $7,632,000,000 U. S. farm income for 1938 went (or debts and tases, agriculture department figures show. EARNINGS DOWN Standard Statistics company reports the net 1938 Income of 1,898 corporations corpora-tions was 42 per cent under 1937's figure. President's original budget, but tossed in anyway, was a $250,000,000 grant for parity payments. But no financing was provided,, and the house seemed economy bent. Rather Rath-er than resort to unpopular processing process-ing taxes the house voted against parity, winning disfavor of the patent pa-tent farm bloc and a victory for the President, who Insists extra-budgetary extra-budgetary needt must be met with definite taxation. Agriculture leaders lead-ers hoped the senate would restore parity; even so, an embarrassing situation apparently lay ahead. With no money, glum dirt farmers saw only one way to pay off the government govern-ment loans on which they have pledged 81,000,000 bushels of wheat The way: To default, making the U. S. the world's largest wheat owner. (2) Cottoa. Another rejected amendment called for $60,000,000 "to develop domestic markets and subsidize sub-sidize foreign exports." This obviously obvi-ously referred to the plan President Roosevelt broached a few hours earlier: ear-lier: To spend $15,000,000 between now and August 1 by paying producers pro-ducers $1.25 a bale (on 8,000,000 bales) for releasing their government-held loan cotton for sale on the world market. Though the 1939 crop will otherwise swell government-held surpluses to 13,000,000 bales, congressional economy apparently appar-ently won. Said Virginia's Rep. Clif ton Woodrum: "We might as well J repeal the budget and the accounting account-ing act, and let pandemonium and chaos reign." Meanwhile, far in the future, southern cotton farmers saw. relief in the revolutionary "cottonless" cotton developed at Texas A. & M. college's experimental college. Said to produce an over-large, oil-rich seed without detracting from the grade of the lint, the new product made farmers wonder if cotton couldn't be raised exclusively for oil, wbose price is fairly constant Transportation Among other things, U. S. railroads rail-roads blame high taxes, bad business busi-ness and unfair competition from other media for their present plight. Labor blames the railroads themselves. them-selves. Most people blame a mixture mix-ture of geographical, economic and political factors, in which everybody's every-body's hands are partially soiled. When railroading reached a crisis last autumn and congressional aid became imperative, a Sock of panaceas pana-ceas arose ranging from the Hastings Hast-ings "postallzing" plan to the substantial sub-stantial bills of Montana's Burton K. Wheeler and California's Clarence F. Lea. Both management and labor la-bor pressed their particular cases and after two months of haggling the issue seemed little nearer a solution. so-lution. The latest voice is that of Joseph B. Eastman, interstate commerce t . - - r ': ICC'S COMMISSIONER EASTMAN A guiding hand? commissioner, who told the house interstate commerce committee that "the government must at least assume as-sume leadership and apply some form of compulsion." Whether Mr. Eastman s will be the guiding hand remains to be seen, but his comments com-ments were at least clarifying. After attacking the apparent reluctance to consolidate or co-ordinate as "wasteful "waste-ful practices," and after refusing to recognize any benefits from greater freedom to increase rates, the ICC member outlined a few high points for rail recovery: (1) The government should give concessions In taxation and relief in connection with grade crossing elimination and reconstruction of bridges over navigable waters. (2) Elimination of rate concessions conces-sions to the government would save about $7,000,000 a year. (3) All important forms of transportation trans-portation should receive "equal and impartial regulation," preferably under ICC direction. While the house sped passage of a bill to facilitate voluntary rail reorganizations, re-organizations, Mr. Eastman pointed out that creation of a new reorganization reorgani-zation court would delay rather than facilitate matters. His alternative: Give ICC charge of reorganization duties. People Douglas Fairbanks, ex-movie star, has boen ordered to return $72,186 refunded by the U. S. on Income tax payments in 1927-28 29 Europe Few observers doubt that Adolf Hitler's ambition is restoration of the pre-war Hapsburg and Hohen-zoUern Hohen-zoUern empires. Most agree, also, that his next step will be capture of the Free City-of Danzig (now under League controD and the adjacent corridor which is Poland's only outlet out-let to the Baltic sea. That Germany Ger-many will get these concessions without a fight is further evident because Danzig is already 90 per cent Nazi; Poland, moreover, apr parently recognizes her futile position posi-tion and Is ready to move Into the German orbit rather than join a French-British-Russ alliance permitting permit-ting Soviet troops to cross her soil Though German Ambassador Hans von Moltke has assured Po- DANZIG ftnr.V W A UTHUANIA CORRIDOR DANZIG AND POLISH CORRIDOR Next on HitUr'i list? land of Germany's good Intentions, Nazi press notes like these sound suspiciously like the start of another campaign: Field Marshal Goerlng's Essener National Zeitung: "Polish attacks on Germans (in Pole territory) are an intolerable strain on the German-Polish German-Polish treaty of friendship democracies democ-racies pull the strings!" (Similar allegations regarding German minorities mi-norities preceded recent Nazi invasions inva-sions in Austria, Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia.) Deutsche Diplomatisch-PoUtlsche Korrespondent: The paper advised Poles to continue collaborating with Germany and not to listen to "foreign "for-eign sirens" lest the results not be "advantageous." The "foreign sirens" si-rens" are obviously France and Britain, whose failure to back up protection promises the past year will undoubtedly force Poland to seek German mercy. Labor The unhappy plight of U. S. employer-employee relations may be due either to (1) the Wagner labor relations act or (2) American Federation Fed-eration of Labor's battle with Congress Con-gress of Industrial organizations. Like an impatient school teacher, both congress and the White House have resolved to end this squabble, the White House by sponsoring A. F. of L.-C. I. O. peace talks, congress by amending the Wagner act When April II was chosen starting start-ing date for senate committee hearings hear-ings on Wagner amendments, labor peace talks were in full bloom. But so strong are the workingman's feelings feel-ings about the proposed changes that many a peace advocate thought hearings might have been delayed until labor's warring factions either make up or draw swords. To amend the Wagner act congress con-gress can pick from four sets of proposals, pro-posals, all opposed by C. I. O., three of them submitted by coherent factions fac-tions with special interests: (1) By Massachusetts' Sen. David I. Walslu cbviously favored by A. F. of L., which opposes all other proposals: pro-posals: Curtail the national labor relations board's power to invalidate union contracts; require NLRB elections elec-tions by craft rather than by industrial in-dustrial units; permit employer petitions pe-titions for elections; permit appeals in representation cases. (2) By Nebraska's Sen. Edward R. Burke, and supported by the potent po-tent strike-weary National Association Associa-tion of Manufacturers: Require that NLRB have representative from labor, la-bor, management and the public; outlaw deduction of union dues from pay envelopes; outlaw "coercion" by either employers or unions; establish es-tablish code of "unfair labor practices" prac-tices" for unions as well as employers; em-ployers; forbid strikes unless a majority ma-jority of employees approve; require all union officials to be U. S. citizens; citi-zens; permit transfer of "unfair labor la-bor practice" charges from NtRB to federal district court. (3) By Oregon's Sen. Rufus Hol-man: Hol-man: To split NLRB's duties. Administrative Ad-ministrative and investigatory power pow-er would be vested in a labor relations rela-tions commissioner. Final decisions would be made by a nine-member labor appeals board. (4) By Kentucky's Sen. M. M. Logan, Lo-gan, supported by the National Grange and other farm groups: To extend exemption of agricultural workers under the Wagner act to processors and packers of farm produce. Misceluuty Figured, by New Yor s Rep. Bruce Barton, that the stock market usually gains when President Roosevelt Roose-velt goes fishing or vacationing, usually usu-ally falls when he goes on a speaking speak-ing tour. Willed, by the late Chicago Jew Harris Goldman, that his 32-year-old Congregational daughter will receive re-ceive one-seventh of his estate (valued (val-ued at from $300,000 to $500,000) if she marries in the Jewish faith within with-in a year, that otherwise she will receive only $5. Scheduled for congressional approval, ap-proval, the highly controversial governmental gov-ernmental reorganization bill, compromised com-promised to remove most of last year's objection. fllv PRUSSIA I GERMANY JSp" flfjPtr POLAND I CORRIDOR I ADVENTURERS' CLUB HEADLINES FROM THE LIVES OF PEOPLE LIKE YOURSELFI Murder HELLO, EVERYBODY: George H. Dowd of the Bronx, N. Y., sejids me a letter that starts out, "This is the first time iJiave ever tried to put an experience of mine down on paper. Shall I stop?" Well, the answer to that is: For Pete's sake, no, George. Because George has turned in one hum-dinger of a yarn. It's the story of a barrage of flying steel that was set off, not by powder or any other sort of explosive, but by actual horsepower 28 horses, galloping hell-bent for election, drawing behind them a machine that spud death-dealing projectiles right, left, front and center. It's the only case I ever heard of where projectiles were thrown by horses. Maybe some of those sword-rattling dictators dic-tators of Europe will pick up this idea and use horses when their supply of powder runs low. I haven't done any experimenting experi-menting with this idea, and I don't know how well it would work. But I'll tell you George Dowd's story and you can figure it out for yourself. It happened along about the middle of July, 1913, on the Idaho Falls Development company dry farm, a few miles northwest of Idaho Falls, Idaho. That farm was a seven-thousand acre wheat ranch. Out in that section they .harvest their wheat In July, and George, who was Just a young fellew then, had a Job working on one of the big combine harvesters, sewing up sacks of grain. There were three of those harvesters In the field ene drawn by males, a second drawn by a steam engine er tractor, and the third, on which George was werldng, drawn by 28 head of horses. Those combine harvesters have a groap of cylinders In them, hitched U the wheels and geared up te revolve at great speed wheal the horses are walking. George was working en a wooden platform on that harvester, directly ever these rev si t big cylinders. cylin-ders. But the cylinders weren't revolving at the Moment, for the big machine was stopped for seme miner repairs. The repair Piece by piece the platform was being shot away. man was putting a draper belt Inte the header, and the driver and the header man got down to help him, leaving George alone on the machine. Steam Pressure Explodes Safety Valve. And then the fun started but it wasn't any fun for George Dowd! It was the steam tractor hauling sue ef the ether harvesters that started all the troable. There was too maoh steam la the boiler and all of a sadden the safety valve popped off with a bang. "And within the same second," says George, "off went the 28 horses with the machine I was on In what yoa would call a real runaway!" Well, sir, a 28 horse runaway is something to write home about, but that was only the beginning. The men who were putting in the draper belt were knocked clear ef the machine at the first Jump the horses made. Then-those animals were off down the field at a full gallop gal-lop with the great unwieldy machine careening along behind them! And as they dashed along, the cylinders of the harvester, which revolved at high speed when the horses were Just walking, began revolving at a speed greater than even steel can stand! The horses hadn't gone a doxen feet when steel cylinders began be-gan bursting from centrifugal force and shooting eat of the machine ma-chine in all directions. The first one ripped op through the boards on which George was standing ripped op with a deafening crack like the report of a cannon and shot past George's nose, straight np In the air. Another one followed and another. Cylinders, gears and bits of broken metal came flying out of that machine in a veriUble barrage. He Clung to the Harvester's Reeling Platform. "1 wal on the U. S. S. Leviathan for 22 months during the war," George says, "and I have heard her guns bark a good many times. And I would say that the reports these gears and hunks of metal made when leaving the machine were about as loud as those made by a six-inch six-inch cannon." And George, standing right in the midst of that hail of flying steel, couldn't do anything about it He was having all he could do to cling to the swaying, reeling platform of that harvester while the horses galloped gal-loped along at breakneck speed. Piece by piece and board by board, the fir flooring of the platform was shot away until it was even with the heels ' of his shoes. If he'd thought of It, he might have jumped, but for the first few momenta he was too bewildered. He could feel the wind of those deadly metal projectiles as they whined by him. One of them bit him In the calf of the leg. Others ripped great holes la the canvas awning ever his head. "There were pieces of steel weighing three er four pounds shot from that harvester," be says, "that were picked up later more than a mile away.", Help Was Already on the Way. But meanwhile, help was already on the way. The repair man had a good saddle horse tied nearby and In less than half a minute he was in the saddle, riding hard. The runaways had almost a quarter of a mile head start but gradually he closed up that distance. The barrage of steel had stopped by then, and George was safe as long as he could cling to his perch on the shattered platform. He did cling to that platform. He clung to It for a fun mile. while the harvester reeled and swayed and threatened to tip ever. But at the end ef that mile the repairman caught ap with the lead horses and brought them to a stop. George says that harvester was nearly new when It started, but it was a total wreck when it stopped. George, on the other hand, was lucky. His only injury was where that one piece of flying steel had hit his right leg. "And that" he says, "wasn't serious." . , Copyriht-WNU Service. Dutch East Indies' Days About Same Length The Dutch East Indies stretch distance equal to thpt from New York to San Francisco. The population popu-lation totals 52,0OuTtf00. The island empire is equal in area to all the states east of , the Mississippi Missis-sippi with the exception of the state of that name, reaching from the tiorthorn tip of Maine to the southern south-ern tip of Florida, from Lake Michi gan to the Gulf of Mexico, Includ ing 18 states. "' The whoie empire lies full in the equatorial sun and reaches from the tip of northwestern Sumatra to the eenter of New Guinea (Papua). Throughout the islands all days to the year are about the same length, as the islands all He close to the I V'. 1 V Machine 99 equator, notes a writer in the Cleve land flam Dealer. The Dutch East Indies comprise the larger part of the Malay archipelago archi-pelago and are situated between Australia and southeastern Asia. Their extent may be realized from the fact that the distance from Sa-bang. Sa-bang. north Sumatra, to Merauke, in New Guinea, respectively the western and eastern limits, is 3,000 miles as wide as the Atlantic from New York to London. They include such groups as the Moluccas. Celebes. Sunia. Timor and Banda islands. Fourteen distinct kinds of people inhabit these islands, some ef them very primitive, others highly civi lized. WHO'S NEWS THIS WEEK By LEMUEL F. PARTON XJEW YORK. There is an Anthony Edenish flavor about the way Undersecretary ef State Sumner Welles denounces Germany In the absence of Oar WMet No Secretary Hull, Flop in Poll of ni there hi an d a r Edenish flavor Bet Dre-er, bout our Mr Welles himself. He is talL He la lean. He has a wee, precise mustache, and why nobody has picked him in a best-dressed poll is a mystery. His long, big nose is perfectly cut too. and not a hair is out of place in the thinning pompadour that roaches back from a domed forehead. This Is not, however, te hint that the undersecretary is anything any-thing less than 1M per cet American. He was bora In New lork City 4 years er so ago. President Roosevelt's own Gro-ton Gro-ton and Harvard shaped him, and he Is at home In four er five clubs that insist en looking np candidate In the Doomsday book ef the Revolution ef 16. His churoh, naturally. Is the Episcopal church, and his home bow Is understandably In Uster-lo Uster-lo Maryland, where two sons are no doubt also preparing for Groton. The diplomatic gauntlet that he ran to reach his present post extends ex-tends back te 1919 and Tokyo. Betimes Be-times be has been much in South America. He has been first assistant assist-ant since 1937 to Secretary HulL ONE of Carl Sandburg's songs runs: "I have led a quiet youth, careful of my morals; I shall have an old age full of vice v l d an4 Quarrels." Youth in Peace so it goes with And Quiet ; Now Walter Bren- In Rum and Riot nan! M a distinguished film career playing likable old reprobates. rep-robates. Hollywood pegs him as the successor to Will Rogers, and four Rogers pictures are being readied for him. He Is a personable young man of 40, but, in "Barbary Coast." "Kentucky," and such earlier films as "Smilin' Guns" and "The Lariat Kid." he came through handsomely as a tough old-timer, and new that's his ticket He likes It, and, living these roles, becomes a sage, homespun old codger given to offhand, David Harum aphorisms. apho-risms. I have heard ef similar occupational trends In Hollywood. Holly-wood. He says he Is growing old happily. He first upped himself as an oldster old-ster by lying about his age to get in the war. Gassed in France, he lost all his teeth and got a rasp in his voice, which also helped. He raised pineapples in Guatemala, made money, lost it in Los Angeles real estate, and then crashed the films. Born and reared in Swamp-scott Swamp-scott Mass., he is a master of the quaint western and southwestern idiom. VlfHEN this writer was doing a " short turn helping build the Panama canal, he fell in with a Jamaica Negro water boy, a sort of r . , Gunga Din of a t . J. Taylor H a$ ,qUad of Parai-Jamaica Parai-Jamaica Boy't so swampers. Idea of Canal w" wr- j 4 rled about the canal being too narrow. In the quaint lingo of the British-taught island Negroes, he used to say: "Yes bahs, ships grow hugely In coming years and If some Is fighting ship It most go swiftly and not fear ether passing great ship. Axing pardlng air, we Jamaica boys say canal need great enlarging." Frank J. Taylor, president of the American Merchant marine, returns from the canal to New York with the same idea. He says congress should spend 1300,000,000 te widen the canal for both commercial and national defense reasons. Mr. Taylor's Tay-lor's career is Brooklyn's favorite "boy who made good" story from $1 a day to $35,000 a year, which is the possibly vulgar epitome of such careers in this day and age. He was an orphan lad In a Manhattan slum, at work at 12 as an apprentice at Robblns dry dock In the Red Hook section ol Brooklyn. He rose In politics, in the state assembly for 12 terms, sheriff, commissioner of records, welfare commissioner and comptroller of New York City. Retiring from the last office In 1937. he went to Florida, but the steamship owners tracked him down and burdened him with this 135.000 Job. He fights government intrusion on private enterprise, but says the shipping Interests will co-operate ef. fectlvely with the United States maritime commission. 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