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Show AMERICAN FORK CITIZEN A New is EI If . .O, II agrn,! M Jx c: - 'i r : ', A Joiivt II n it P lexlde ivt eciedl hi ' vlt i y C '"Kid -w9 a 1 V 1 IP Speaker, JohnN. Gamer By ELMO 8C0TT WAT80N LN FEBRUARY 8, 1833, a new Presl dent and Vict President of the United Statei will be elected. "What!" you exclaim, as you read that statement, "Why, I thought we attended to that two months ago on November 8, 1932, to be exact, when the American people voted Franklin D. Itoose velt of New York Into office as President and John N. Garner of Texas as Vice President" As a matter of fact, they did nothing of the sort. They only voted for a group of men called Presidential electors and these men presumably have already voted for Roosevelt and Garner for those offices. Rut the actual election does not become official until the afternoon of Feb niary 8 when the two houses of congress meet In Joint session and go through the ceremony of counting the electoral votes and the Vice President proclaims the fact that the Demo crntlc candidates In the 1932 election had the largest number of electoral votes and therefore there-fore will be Inducted Into office on March 4 Like so many other official ceremonies In gov ernment, the February 8 "election" la noth Ing but a make-believe and, under Its 143-year old load of tradition and custom. Vice Tresl dent Charles Curtis and Speaker John N. Garner (he's speaker one minute and the next minute he's Vice President!) become companions In a hollow, but official, pretense. Side by aide and In the presence of several hundred people, the two leading candidates for Vice President will act for 30 minutes as though the result of their contest had not already been known for four months Rnd everybody else will help lend a solemn dignity to the empty ceremony. The only new thing about the whole business will be two new boxes which a carpenter, an employee of the United States senate, has bfr gun preparing soon after the November election. They are made of the finest mahogany and have brass handles. As soon as they are finished fin-ished they are sent to the office of Vice Presl dent Curtis, where they will rest until It Is time to receive 48 huge envelopes which have arrived ar-rived In Washington some time during January. These envelopes contain the votes of members of the electoral college chosen on November 8 by cltlrens In the states from which the en velopes came. The only person In the United States who has the authority to open those envelopes Is the president of the senate (the Vice President of the United States) and even he Is not allowed t learn their "secret" until the second Wednea day In February and then only In the presence of the members of the two houses of congress. Dut the legislative mill must grind out a certain piece of legislation before even this can be accomplished. So the first step necessary to the election Is taken when a minor senate committee labors and brings forth a resolution which provides for the Joint session at which the ballots are to be counted. Then the senate adopts the resolution. Soon thereafter,, member of the senate line up, two abreast and In the order of seniority. Then, with dignity setting the pace, they start the march from their chamber to that of the house of representatives, located 500 feet In the distance. Grim adherence to the letter of the rules would call for the Vice President to carry the two ballot boxes at the head of the parade. with the secretary of the senate and the sergeant at-arms of the senate a step or so behind him. The theory ts that the ballots must be In the custody of the Vice President, as president of the senate, and in his custody only, from the time they arrive at the CapltoL In practice, how ever, the vote-laden boxes are carried by two boys chosen from among the senate pages who inarch at the head of the double line of senators. Four years ago the procession began to move at f4 minutes past noon, with arrival at the house chamber by 1 o'clock Imperative. Since the affair has many years of guidance and ex perlence behind It, the slx-mlnute Intervnl be tween the first shuffling of feet and arrival at the destination may be regarded as an established estab-lished order. The votes and their very consequential es cort cause an initial stir at the entrance to the house chamber when a doorkeeper announces to the speaker that the senate awaits. The leg Islatlve equivalent of "Tell them to come In brings the visiting contingent to occupancy of seats which are assigned under precisely-worded rules. This stage of the proceedings will find Mr Curtis mounting tle dais at 1 o'clock on Kelt ruary 8, there to take his place at the rlht of the speaker. Thirty feet above, eyes of the press and the gull cried public will gnze at the pair of men who went Into November as op posing political candidates and came out of that month as rlctor and vanquished. Election of the President and Vice President for the next term of four "years should be completed com-pleted within half an hour. In 1020, the Job was completed and the sonata was back In Its mJl ... ... " a i .in. ,m n ;.: ill trffm'S - ' t S H r 1 was m :B t- i m W 11 A Joiivt Session, of Congress JJ 1 J 1 SJ&A i President - Elect Franklin D. Roosevelt own hall 38 minutes after the Joint session t'lviied. At the rate less than one minute will be de voted to consideration of the votes cast by the lectors chosen In each state. Within that min ute Is to be Included the time required to move the envelopes from the mahogany boxes and to place them In the hands of the Vice I'resl- lent, as well as the seconds which will pass while the presiding officer opens the envelopes and while official tellers scan the contents and tell what they see. Under the venerable plan the tellers finally "discover" the Identities of the men who next are to be President and Vice President. The names of those men are then announced by the president of the senate. Only when no candidate candi-date receives a majority of the votes cast does this procedure go awry. But to return to the "official pretense" of electing elect-ing a President February 8: Connected with its early history are two significant "lfs." If the roads between Georgia and Philadelphia back In 1787 hadn't been so rough and If a certain delegate to the constitutional convention from Georgia named William Houston hadn't suffered so much discomfort from the condition of the roads, the whole system might have been different dif-ferent The convention had almost decided to have electors chosen by the people of each state Journey Jour-ney once every four years to the National Capital to meet for the purpose of voting among them selves to decide who should hold the two high positions. Rut Mr. Houston rose to bis furt during a session on a hot July afternoon and, with memories memo-ries of the road still fresh in his mind, told the assembled delegates what he thought shout the Idea. lie directed the eonv-pntlon's attention to the "expense and extreme Inconvenience of drawing together men from all states for the single purpose of electing the chief executive," He said also it seemed Improbable to him that capable men would nndertnke the service under un-der the penalty of having to travel far from home, only to turn right around and go back to the Journey's starting point A suggestion was made that called for electors of each state to travel only to tholr state capital to cast their votes. Mr. Houston approved of that IVvelopment of the plan then progressed, producing the proposal that each state appoint a messenger to bring the votes of Its electors to the sent of the national government. The delegates, dele-gates, worn out after many weeks of debate, wel corned the compromise. These periodical trips were continued for more than 130 years. The messengers, usually rela tlves Of the leading campaign contributors, state-house state-house employees, political newswrlters and such, received 25 cents a mile for their travels to Washington. About four years ago, It was found tliat this quadrennial sending of messengers wns costing the national government more than $M,fHH) Economy Econ-omy demanded a change so a law wns passed providing that the electoral votes, or "certlfl cates" as they are formally called, be Ront by mall Instead of by messenger. Tills act approved May 25. ID'.'S, roa.ls as follows: 'The electors of President nnd Vice Presl dent of each state shnll meet and rIvp ttielr votes on the first Wednesday In January next following their appointment at snrli place In each state as the IckIsIiiI lire of such state shall direct "It shall be the duty of the executives of each state, as soon as practicable after the conclusion of the appointment of the electors In such state by the final ascertainment, under and In pursuance of the laws of such state providing for sueh ascertainment to communicate by reg Istered mall under the seal of the state to thv secretary of state of the United Slates a cert? The March, of the Electors flcate of such ascertainment of the electors appointed, ap-pointed, setting forth the names of such electors and the canvass or other ascertainment under the laws of such state of Hip number of votes given or cast for each person for whose appointment ap-pointment any and all votes have lieen given or cast; and It shall also thereupon be the duty of the executive of each state to deliver to the electors of such state, on or before the day on which they are required by section 1 of this act to meet glx duplicates original of the same certificate under the seal of the state;. and If there shall have been any final determination In a state In the manner provided for by law of a controversy or contest concerning the appointment appoint-ment of all or any of the electors of such state, It shall be the duty of the executive of such state, as soon as practicable after such determination, determin-ation, to communicate under the seal of the Btnte to the secretary of state of the United States a certificate of such determination In form and manner ns the same shall have been made; and the certificate or certificates so received re-ceived by the secretary of state shall be preserved pre-served by him for one year and shall be a part of the public records of his office and shall be open to public Inspection; and the secretary of Btnte of the United States at the first meeting of congress thereafter shall transmit to the two houses of congress copies In full of each, and every such certificate so received at the State department "The electors shall make and sign six certificates cer-tificates of all the votes given by them, each of which certificates shall contain two distinct lists, one of the votes for President and the other of the votes for Vice President, and shall annex to each of the certificates one of the lists of the electors which shall have been furnished to them by direction of the executive of the state. '"The electors shall dispose of the certificates so made by them and the lists attached thereto in the following manner: "First. They shall forthwith forward by registered regis-tered mall one of the same to the President of the senate at the seat of government. "Second. Two of the game shall be delivered deliv-ered to the secretary of state of the state, one of which shall be held subject to the order of the president of the senate, the other to be preserved pre-served by Mm for one year snd shall be a part of the public records of his office and shall be 0en to public Inspection. "Third. On the day thereafter they shall forward for-ward by registered mall two of such certificates and lists to the secretary of state at the seat of government, one of which shall be held subject sub-ject to the order of the president of the senate. The other shall be preserved by the secretary of state for one year and shall be a part of the public records of Ms oiiVe and shall be open to public Inspection. "Fourth. They shall mrthwlth cause the other of the certificates and lists to be delivered to the Judge of the district In which the electors shall have assemble.;. "When no certic.ate of vote and list mentioned men-tioned In this act fr. .in any state shall have been received by t!... president of the senate or by the secretary e' state by the third Wednesday Wednes-day In the mom), , n!iunr, after tne meetln)? of the electors shall have been held, the president presi-dent of the sen ,te ,,r. if he be absent from the seat of government, i' e secretary of state shall request, by the most expeditions method available, avail-able, the secretary of state of the state to send up the certificate and list lodged with him by the el.rtors of sn.l, state; Hn(J t Bh)1i be nIg dllty upon receipt f h :, , request Immediately to transmit same l.y r.terod mall to the president presi-dent of the set, ,:e t ,i,e eeat of government "W hen no o r! : . atcs of rotes from an ej at the seat of govern-Wcdnosday govern-Wcdnosday of the month ' meeting of the electors the president of the sen-nt sen-nt from the seat of gov- r.-tary of state shall send a spe- llstrlct Judge In whose Barnyard Manure Helps Pays Taxes Much Can Be Saved by Using Lots of the Smallest Small-est Possible Size. Prepared by Ohio Stat UnWtraltr-WNU UnWtraltr-WNU Scrvlc. Manure saved by a sound management man-agement program at the barn will yield enough more crops to pay the first Installment on Ohio's farm taxes, and leave money In the bank, acording to J. A. Sllpher, specialist In soils for the agricultural extension exten-sion service at the Ohio State university. uni-versity. Ohio farmers, he says, are keenly interested in building the soil at little or no cost in cash outlay. There is no place or no device by which they can do this better than by thoughtful management of the farm's supply of manure. Much manure can be saved in lot feeding by using a lot of the smallest small-est possible size. In this way it Is possible to eliminate hundreds of tons of rain water which otherwise would find Its way through the thin blanket of manure and remove its soluble load of valuable nutrients. Most lots can be reduced to one-half one-half or one-fourth, and oftentimes one fifth, their original size, with gain for the value of manure. The area, Sllpher believes, should be so small that the depth of manure accumulated for the season will be 2 to 8 feet This can be done by allowing each head of cattle not more than GO square feet of area. liy shifting livestock to inside quarters It ts possible to preserve the manure through the addition of ordlnnry superphosphate, which Is the fertilizer commonly applied In the field for crops. It can be applied ap-plied In the stable at the rate of three-fourths pound per day, or 6 pounds per week, for each 1,000 pounds of live weight of animal. Manure so treated Is the best balanced bal-anced fertilizer the farmer can use. An application of six to ten loads of this manure per acre means the addition of about 200 pounds of superphosphate su-perphosphate per acre for land going go-ing to corn, which Is the crop that Is most responsible for Its use. Oil From Soybean Seed Valuable Part of Crop Brought here from the Orient, the soybean has proved a valuable ad I ditlon to American crop plants. However, the problem of developing develop-ing It to Its full possibilities Is complicated and will take long and patient study. The oil that Is pressed from the seed Is one of the most valuable products of the soybean crop and naturally has received part of the major attention of Investigators. Studies have established that In breeding for quantity and quality of oil In the soybean, the best procedure pro-cedure seems to be- to analyze adapted varieties and then Isolate the best line from the best variety. After the best line has been Isolated, Isolat-ed, further selection Is Ineffective. Differences In oil content are believed be-lieved to be Inherited, but attempts to obtain types with Increased oil content by crossing lines from the same variety were unsuccessful Hog Ration At the Illinois experiment station some years ago, two lots of 70-pound 70-pound pigs were fed In dry lot till they reached a weight of 237 pounds per head. Ixt 1 was fed shelled corn, alfalfa meal and tankage, while U)t 2 was fed corn, soybean meal, alfalfa meal and a mineral mixture comitosed of equnl quantities quanti-ties by weight of ground limestone, steamed bone meal and salt These two Ms both consumed exactly the same amount of feed per hundred pounds of gain. Ixt 1 ate 3!M) pounds corn, 24 pounds of tankage and 8 pounds alfalfa meal per hundredweight of gain, while Lot 2 ate 3T2 pounds corn. M pounds soybean oil meal, 13 pounds alfalfa meal and one pound of mln eraL Soybean oil meal contains about 40 per cent of protein while tankage contains (V) per cent. Thus while tankage has heretofore been considered superior as a protein supplement for hogs, this test shows soybean oil meal, cost considered. more valuable when It Is fed with a mineral mixture. Kxchange, shall have h.,., r,., itn-nt on the f..ii, of January. aftrr shall have ),, ,, ),, ate. or. If . t. eminent, tin ciui messenger t,, (I vr.;.i,a.c of votes from that state has t.een !d,e,. ,, M1(.h juigt 8nfl, fortnwh ransmlt that list ,,, ,P lmnd of ,uch mc8se to the seat of government" b WMtn N.wapipw Uftlok.) Best Handling of Manure If manure Is left In the stall or feed yards where it will be kept moist and thoroughly tramped, so as to exclude air, there Is no better method of storing. Some of tha liquid manure may be lost when earth floors are used and It may ! economical to provide concrete Moors to prevent tills loss. This imsthod of handling mnnure Is ad visable mainly where well-hedded stalls are provided for horses, and In cattle sheds or mule bams where the animals run loose am the tramping Is very thorough. It Is best to have a System of cropping ho that a place to scatter manure will be nva.lable during most of the year. This will Vold the necessity for storing ,,y Kn,Ht amount of It about the farm. Thus, in a rotation of corn, oat a, wheat and clover, the manure would usu ully be applied to the clover soil and plowed under for corn.-Missouri Farmer. FOOLS FARM HENS INTO LAYING MORE Egg Production Increased by Artificial Lights. Br R- . Oray. Poultry Specialist. Airl-cuUura Airl-cuUura Extension Sarvlc. Ohio Sttta Unlvaraltr. WNU Barvtca. Fooling the farm flock into working work-ing overtime by the use of artificial lights is a sound, profitable practice. Experiments with the use of artificial arti-ficial lights indicate thtt they do not materially increase the total yearly production, but have a tendency ten-dency to produce a more even production pro-duction throughout the year. The winter egg production la Increased at the expense of spring production. The principal value of this change in the distribution of production Is that It Induces an increased egg ylelcj during the winter months when eggs are high In price. In this way the use of artificial lights will result In a greater labor Income for the year, even though there Is no rise In annua production. Lights help the poultryman in several ways. With early hatched pullets the use of artificial lights aid In maintaining pullets In production pro-duction throughout the winter without with-out loss of weight and the subsequent subse-quent molt Today, It Is not an uncommon un-common thing to find a flock ot January Jan-uary hatched pullets going Into production pro-duction about July and continuing with an egg yield at about SO per cent or better during fall and winter. win-ter. In brief, the use of artificial lights Increases winter egg production, produc-tion, boosts the labor Income, stimulates stim-ulates production during periods of high prices, is not detrimental to the health of the flock, and does not reduce the hatchabllity of eggs produced pro-duced by the flock. "Pressure Necrosia" I Name of Chick Disease Not long ago a correspondent Inquired In-quired relative to a peculiar "disease" "dis-ease" among four-weeks-old baby chicks. The mouth of the chick showed accumulations In the roof and also under the tongue. Severe Inflammation had set In and swelling swell-ing of the affected parts occurred. Apparently the trouble had progressed pro-gressed so that losses were occurring. oc-curring. This peculiar trouble Is known as "Pressure Necrosis." It Is not a disease, dis-ease, but follows the feeding of rations ra-tions which are too pasty and which are ground too fine. Due to the pulverized condition of the feed some of It becomes Impacted In the roof of the mouth. Additional feed accumulates and the Impaction of food shuts off the circulation so that the poorly nourished organs degenerate. degen-erate. Obviously the prevention of such trouble Is to avoid feeding rations which are too finely pulveriied or which contain too much pasty foodstuffs. food-stuffs. Missouri Farmer. Feed Values Compared Four lots of cockerels with eight In each lot were used at the Dominion Domin-ion experimental station, at Scott Sask., to compare the following mixture and systems of fattening: 1 Equal parts of wheat oats, barley bar-ley and potatoes. 2 Wheat alone. 3 Wheat, oats and barley In equal parts, 4 Same mixture as lot 3. Lots 1, 2, and 3 were fed In standard fattening crates, but lot 4 was fed In a pen 8 by 14 feet The test continued for 20 days and the total gains per lot of eight birds were as follows: 1 Wheat, oats, barley, potatoes, grain, 13.3 pounds. 2 Wheat alone, 12.3 pounds. 3 Wheat, oats, barley (crate fed). 12.8 pounds. 4 Wheat, oats, barley (pen fed), 13.1 pounds. The total cost of feed was C3, 53, 48 and 46 cents respectively. The pen fed lot made slightly greater gains than the crate fed lot getting the same feed. Affects Size of Egg One thing that affects the slie of the egg laid by a pullet Is the age at which she begins to lay. In breeds that have a tendency to mature ma-ture at an early age It Is not advisable ad-visable to select exceptionally early maturing Individuals as breeders since they are likely to be undersized under-sized and the females will usually lay a small egg throughout Ufa. POULTRY HINTS It Is cheaper to prevent a disease among chickens than to try a cure after It has appeared. a a Poultry can withstand colder temperatures than anlninls, but cannot tolerate drafts. a a a The use of fresh liquid milk or ilrleil milk In water or mixed In the mash Is very helpful to get the birds -tarteil right with enough animal protein. a a a I'oiiltrymen producing eggs for letting purposes with the help of frtitlelal lamplight should provide i ration containing green feed, cod-over cod-over oil and milk In some form. The green feod may be alfalfa leaf tnoal, alfalfa hay, or soybeans. Cherry Trees Gift Tokyo to Wa In November inon .... lty of Tokyo, Japan. pre, vi Washington 2,000' Cherry trees as i ... . . . Of "U1 wuicn was held bv w ,,,r uu, peoo n . 8tates. The trees arrived Ington In Januarv mm careful Inspect inn Kt I United States IcpartmeD culture were found to b wiui uie root gal i orm, I Insect pests and in, I ....... lrrl uiseases; tills iiecess,ta...J Ing destroyed, whi.i, .l burning, in l-Vhrn,.-, - shipment of trees wag 1 ioyo to replace those This shipment arrival ton In March, lui'.'. Th In splendid condition and mediately planted. The was planted by Mrs Xaft In the presence of the Jar bassatmr. a th,vin.if,.., iatt tne iscotmtess chirwi v. . . iuc Bevomi ir Stomach; Weak, N Pueblo, ',,.,. " have used I r lVnVg Golden Mcdiml Hia-cover Hia-cover and it iK a wonderful nn-dicine for the blond or n run-down comlitinn " aid Mrs. H.-rtlm M Kirgan of 00! K Third St "At one time rnv ia,,m,-.i. troubled me. I was weak. Tel lacked pi..t.m- i-....'. I japped my stn-ngth. I used of uouitt! oi i.uiiipu Medical B buu ii mreiiKinened my si every way. It ilmve awav thl complaint and made me hi ene!? Th, headaches dial too.' Sold by all druffiista. Wrila la Pr rr,; cu.u, Ball lav iraa nrtflral d.t apt! Pft I l .IM m m. m 1 Hands Cov with Large Erupt Cuticura Hea "Eczema began with smala breaking out i iy hand. worse until my hands were with large, wet. sore eruptiol later spread to my wrists a It Itched mi. I burned, and 1 palful in.. st of the time. not sleep nor use my hands could not ecu feed myself. "My mother purchased Soap and hutment and they the burning, and after us! box of the lintiuent and pJ cake of cuticura Soap I wl pletely healed." (Signed) Mis Smith, lit. 1, Naldi, Ind. I Cuticura Soap Z'c. Olntnf and 50c. Talcum 2.". Soli where. One sample each fr dress "Cuii. ura iahoratoriti R, Maiden, Ma-s.-Adv. 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