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Show r AMERICAN FORlt CITIZEN Wt r tod : abd Schf !3 It 3 3 A Hat Sprl hLiI but uprlnga ai 'iTmiDT there ire in .T.rtlv known. end 155 co,d '.Tlddwit importance slaaf of them P'118" ii hot springs . .v the Drlncl- "L Midst '.i- acenery. thus V sBaetlc f beautiful enery. thus wlth medicinal who U Tri"n llV PlTPHt riilionslhillty or de- T.hnut as had as the O .ho decides every " . Hut nave your ' ir-g you must ! No, jioaethlnK worth the !jL Eleanor Hubbard 4ittnpt to solve some .gjlli Magazine, 4 Strawi jjitnws used In the 4 women nais are pandanus plant tn iltnip. fro"' abaca In Legnorn, iunu. (roni wneai un m tanboo, pamlan, rrora urf Panama from car- like pnim; in w froador; rorio mean jirty palm In I'Orto CJIkJ From Air wthod drinking water V trom the air In soutn-t soutn-t A Urge, round pillar jHter casing of cement 4 Be water la produced -jnart between day and fittsm forcing the air lk the pillar, where It luW into a reservoir. filar Power Sit j titer power site In I ktllered to be that on 'mi river at South Ber-jjjOed Ber-jjjOed on the Bite of the .ink mills by Ferdl-?H Ferdl-?H In 1620. The water tut ly the oldest, but I I continuous use since Cmt ColoriiU S to Buskin, "There jial; seven supreme col j UIO 11 uc palmers I exist namely, Glorgl- Teronese, TIntoret, kltjnolds and Turner, but i of rreat designers are na tko Roman trivial comes .from I Latin word meaning a of three streets, or a 1 From this original use Bttnded meaning, per-1 per-1 fit streets and hence sfimry, or petty. rrotpect I Ltsch gayg there are fitter and above the to- Wnltlon of the United s state as largely ! M Florida. But who ?lo Bve In such a state? aws-Unlon. Trouble! no doubt that the : by Providence are al-If al-If taken In a prop-IN prop-IN the troubles brought 'own or another's llldo- i Military at all Ellen ntim end R,j. P00 of l.'"0 cases of rtaEnKlnnd hag revealed usually Increased nlafall was hpinm Erased In I Imp fit n-rrtm pitlon. sr. l m it . . L-anachingt When naval vessels are launched In France, the official ceremony ubacrlbea In spirit to the older clrlllan practice, but Is marked by considerably more pomp and church- ... 1Dere 18 a lfather J and likewise a godmother; and hould the ahlp be named after otne outstanding national charac-1 ter or a famous officer, then at least I one of the sponsors Is a descendant or tne person honored. American Heroines By LOUISE M. COMSTOCK Josephine Davis many yenra the Davis family of Gettysburg, pa.. preserv.nl and Altar Mad of Cold Considered a masterpiece of the liPrmnn ffn r urn f . . i r.-,... n . , nll, un altar-I "uuiy uispiayed a rurfy little Iron piece of pure gold and silver, rich- 8tve of ancient make It was over ly enameled and decorated with ! "''s stove that Josephine Iavls did precious stones, has been consecrat- J l"'r heroic bit the fumous Muted Mut-ed In St. Mury'B, the Benedictine ab- tie of UeltysbiirL' Dey at Huckfnst, England. It represents rep-resents the descent of the Holy Ghost and Is the work of M Witte, the goldsmith of AIx la C'hapelle cathedral. Adaptable Learet Pinnate leaves have the power of turning to adjust themselves to the light; If the rays of the sun are too powerful they turn upward; If gloomy weather, such as occurs before be-fore the rain, they sink again, and when the rains begin they at once assume the position in which they will offer the least resistance. Old Phra.e "King's English," meaning the English language as It should be spoken, Is a very old phrase. Who originated It Is not known for cer tain. Shakespeare used it In the "Merry Wives of Windsor," but It Is supposed that It was old already then. "Queen's English" la used In the same sense. Heathen Emperor's Advice Be not ashamed to be helped, for It is thy business to do thy duty like a soldier In the assault on a town. How, then, If, being lame, thou canst not mount up on the battlements alone, but with the help of another It Is possible? Marcus Aurelius. Not a Nonentity Henry Brewster Stanton, husband of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, was prominent In anti-slavery move ments and assisted In the reorgani zation of the Republican party. 1858-00. He was for many years on the editorial staff of the New York Sun. Hawk Are Defended All but a very few species of hawks and owls are being vigor ously defended by Investigators of feeding habits of birds. The only outlaws are the Cooper's and sharp-shinned sharp-shinned hawks, the goshawk and the great horned owL Poor Dad An eminent educator says all his sympathy goes out to the youth of today who Is up against a stone wall, but a lot of ours goes out to poor old dad, who will have to settle the garage repair bill. Bos ton Herald. Intimate Reception! Toward the latter part of the Sev enteenth century It was the cus torn for ladles of fashion to receive their friends. Including the men. In their boudoirs while they primped at the dressing table. Largett Venomou Snake The king cobra, which sometimes attains a length of 18 feet, Is the largest poisonous snake In the world. It Is the largest, most ven omous and most aggressive of the ten species of cobra. Nature Ever Supreme It Is a great mortification to the vanity of man, that his utmost art and Industry can never equal the meanest of nature's productions. either for beauty or value. Hume. V., ... iwued Uuiriti I Mnut liirvmun nra not ilniwu to F least :M iiiili-i.raltiuk.lk6nr a frlnt hnt la Interesting: It's louav entury ne out of "'i attend a one out of reus thora ' nun,.,., uli k. . r'ta Don ni ,i b Germany rc7nt nf too ,.;nR. PM.mn. p. fci,., ' " "-cina f oeeJ not ,.,... .....,. 'ol .-innsof a unl- " dUr:iti. t , Jy an.I secondary " n; with the """lis Is I ........ . . r0 h,!, , .... "Ml uio. F"rrd EST n,. . 1" a suit for damages. WERE IT IS TNI WORLD'S BEST for Comglu CoUi Bronchitit BRONCHI-LYPTUS for Coughs No MarooUo No Aleobol-No Chloroform. Made from the Mucalrptot. a wonder In B ronrhl al Trouble . A t onr d rngil or wrl u for FBKE un.pl. fiBONClII-LTPTIIS LAB., THI Oeraa Ave., Loa AngelM, OaUl. V MILUON BOTTLES SOLO LAST YEAR So few men could write In early times that none of the histories wer disputed. J'o.l "'"I. you've ''ler for six K"i'ig to do rhv? "n.-ht to ask legraph Point of Deniity where Is the ioiulatlot "Just densest ?" "Just above the eyes. IIS y We recognize the great mind aftei It has done Its work frequent!. Ion"; after. aziHzsniisz: tiny from Your Nearest Cliemist Know That You Are Getting M Toilet Preparations "an 7V tt- i rrv. "'"Win ill. aJt BUIU WU ' t or I)rn.t m. r. r- P v vuciukri i,urpa) Iluicur Shaving Cream '! I at VVJI VJBJaWSMM 5l I k I 1 1 irtJ lr. maiin)RW(W(wi it was on the first day of this decisive battle of the Civil war. when the Union army lost its stronghold on Seminary ridge and was forced to evacuate the town to Ceneral Lee. It Is history that during dur-ing the entire engagement only on Citizen of the town was killed, the young woman, Jennie Wade, whose little cottage, now a museum. gtlH shows the hole by which the fatal shot entered, but throughout the whole three day' fighting soldiers of both armies, the blue aud the gray, streamed through the streets, marching bravely Into the fray, retreating re-treating weary, wounded and disappointed. dis-appointed. Josephine, alone In the Iavl8 home, watched these men go past. Although her own men folks were fighting with the Southern troops, her heart was torn with sympathy for both sides alike. There was not much an eighteen year-old girl could do for them. But that little bit Josephine did. With the guns rumbling scarcely a mile away. Josephine Jo-sephine built a vigorous fire in the little Iron stove, gathered together all the flou.- In the house, about half a barrel, and set about baking It Into crusty, delicious bread. When the warm loaves were out of the oven she cut them Into generous slices, spread them with molasses, set them out In pans, and placed them before the house for the hungry hun-gry soldiers passing her door. The news spread. Weary men, wounded, sometimes dying, stumbled stum-bled up to her door for bread, and remained to be taken In, bandaged In torn sheets and towels, with such first aid as Josephine could devise. All day she worked and part of the night, soothing, comforting. She converted Into bandages every shred of cloth in the house. Some of the less seriously wounded, once they had been cared for. In turn aided her with the more serious cases. When the guns were at last silent, si-lent, and victory secured for the Union troops, seventeen dead were carried out of that little housaand twice as many more wounded, well on their way to recovery, were taken away In ambulances to nearby near-by hospitals. "Michigan Bridget" WOMKN have been led to take up the masculine pursuit of warfare by various reasons, patriotic patri-otic and sentimental But It Is prob able that few of them took up arms as did Bridget Devens, for 'he love of fighting. For Bri'Jaet, when the Civil war was over, ehoso not to return to the quiet routln of home and children, but with her nuabnnd re-cnllsted In the regular army, went with her regiment to Texas and was for a time stationed near the Rocky mountains! Mrs. Devens Is known In history as "Michigan Bridget" from the fact that It was with the First Michigan cavalry regiment. In which her hus band was a private, that she first went Into battle, and many and various va-rious are the tales of her valor. A robust Irish woman, she rode horseback horse-back day and night, on one particular particu-lar march It Is said wearing out several horses, keeping up with the best of her fellow soldiers during Sheridan's famous marches. During one ill fated engngoment the captain of Bridget's regiment was killed and a colonel badly wounded. It was Bridget who ac companied the wounded man to City Point hospital and tended him four days and nights without sleep, until he was well on his way to recovery. re-covery. Then, Indignant that her cnptaln's body had been left on "rebel soil." after a single night's sleep nnd accompanied only by an orderly, she again took to horse to go after It. It was a hard ride of (ifteen miles. Once at the battlefield, battle-field, however, the tireless woman found the body, strapped It to her horse and continued on her way, riding seven miles to Clly Point, where she had the body embalmed and saw that It was properly hipped home. But Bridget was not yet finished. On the field of battle she had seen a number of wounded soldiers left without care. Once more she returned. re-turned. With prodigious effort she got eight of the wounded men Into a wagon, and with her sorry load started once more for City Point. Half way there she ran Into n detachment de-tachment of Southern scouts. They ordered her to hall that they might Investigate. Lashing her horses. Bridget kept on her way. The Confederate Con-federate lender si led to her. then ordered his men to lire. But for the timely Intervention of a small body of Northern troops, this es rnpade might have put an end to Bridget's military career, and to her life as well. As It was. sh got her -wounded to the hospital, and was able to save the lives of a number of them. G. 1W2. WwHU-fi. .N'wl4i4, r loilon. When Consaiess Brst Met nWasMiigtoti ft I nr-" Tr Mr i I r & & t'-r' iff u rt f;(pz a TTL-r cr- A The Capitol in 1800 By ELMO SCOTT WATSON S THE time draws near for the final session of the Seventy-second congress con-gress of the United States to convene con-vene In Washington, It Is Interesting to recall that the American congress met for the first time In the present National Capital Just 132 years ago and there can be no more striking evidence of the growth and progress of this, nation than a comparison of present-day Washington and the present magnificent structure which houses the legislative part of our government with the "new settlement" of Washington and the uncompleted structure which was the beginning be-ginning of our National Capitol. It will be remembered that the first Capital of the new nation, which came Into being as the result of the Revolution, was New York city. There It was on April 18, 1789, that the first congress convened and the two houses, after completing their organization by electing John Langdon of New Hampshire as temporary president pres-ident of the senate nnd Frederick A. Muhlenberg Muhlen-berg of Pennsylvania as speaker of the house, met In Joint session to count the electoral votes cast In the several states a few weeks before and to proclaim officially the election of George Washington as Pi evident and John Adams as Vice President. On July 9, 1T!h1, congress passed an act for establishing a permanent seat of the federal government and this act provided for the selection selec-tion by the President of "a district of territory," ten miles square, somewhere on the Potomac river, In the region beginning at the mouth of the eastern branch or Anacostla river and extending ex-tending many miles to the northwest The President Pres-ident was authorized to appoint three commissioners commis-sioners to "survey, define and limit" the district dis-trict selected and, prior to December, 1800, they were required to provide In this district "suitable "suit-able buildings for the accommodation of congress con-gress and of the President, and for the public offices of the government of the United States." For the purpose of defraying the expenses of the purchase of the land and the erection of the buildings, the President was "authorized and requested to accept grants of money." It was further provided that Hi the first Monday of December, 17W, the seat of government should be removed from New York to Philadelphia, where It was to remain until December, 1W0. wheo It was to be transferred to. the new Potomac Po-tomac district. In accordance with this act President Washington Wash-ington In 17!M chose one county In Maryland and one In Virginia, with the Potomac river flowing between, for the site of the new Na tlonal Capital which was to be known as the District of Columbia. At first this district was ten miles square or one hundred square miles and contained tuotm acroes of laud, which was ceded to the federal government by the two states of Virginia and Maryland. But In IS 10 all the land on the western side of the Potomac was ceded back to Virginia and ns a result the District of Columbia since that time contains only C4 square miles. As commissioners to "survey, define and llm It" the district and t" erect the "suitable build Ings," Washington named On. Thomas John son, who had been his Intlmnte friend during the Revolution. It. Iavld Stuart of Virginia and Daniel Carroll, a member of that Illustrious Maryland family. I he commissioners decided that the federal city should be named the "City of Washington" In honor of the first President and the plan of the city was to be made by MaJ. Pierre Charles I.'Knfant, the -young French engineer nnd an-li.V't who had reconstructed the buildings In New York nnd Philadelphia used by congr. ss. In March, 17'.''-' lie- commissioners advertised In the newspapers 'f Philadelphia, Boston and New York that lln would give a lot In the city of Washiiigi,"i I $.'00 to the person who should "produce I" them Hie most approved plan for a capil"! ' ' be erected In the city of Washington." Si''-ii plans were submitted In response to Itne .-Mverllsc ills but all were rejected because II,. did not meet the require menls. Then St'-; I ' ll llalhite, a I reni n arctil ttn-t of New V,.rk submitted a plan which met with great favr :i:i! It seemed that he was about to be award''. I the work. But In the m. ail. ' William Tbornum, a lal Pitted LnglWii'.aii In New' York, wh,, bad a powerful fr.eiel in the per-,.u of Thomas Jefferson, then s'.r, .,r.v of slate, drew up an elaborate plan for lb-' Capitol and sul. milted It I t0 Jefferson, who laid It bctore Washington I I BT 3 I B V f i. r Thomas Jefferson.. with an enthusiastic endorsement The President Presi-dent thought It admirable and said It combined "grandeur, simplicity and convenience." lie wrote to the commissioners, requesting them to adopt Thornton's plan In preference to llallate's. but charged them to do It "with delicacy." Immediately Im-mediately the commissioners Informed Hallate of the change and upon his examination of Thornton's plan, the Frenchman declared that Thornton had stolen the Idea from his (llallate's) (llal-late's) original designs. The result was an acrimonious dispute be tween the two men which lasted for several months but In the end the commissioners accepted ac-cepted Thornton's plan and awarded him the brst premium. As a sort of consolation prize, they gave Hallate a premium of $250 and appointed ap-pointed him as one of the architects of the Capitol Cap-itol with an annual salary of $2,000. As supervising architect for the Capitol a talented tal-ented young Irishman named James Hoban, whose plan for the "President's house" had already al-ready been accepted, was appointed and It was decided to construct the Capitol of Virginia sandstone, Instead of brick as was first proposed, pro-posed, and the stone was obtained from a quarry quar-ry on Aqula creek. On September 18, 1703, the cornerstone of the Capitol was laid and from that time on the work of construction was carried car-ried on energetically. In the meantime congress was meeting In Philadelphia and had made an appropriation of $40,023 "for the necessary expense of the removal" of the government to Washington. In June, 1SO0, all the re-ords, papers, office furniture, furni-ture, etc., of the various federal departments were loaded on packet sloops at Philadelphia and despatched for the new clly on the banks of the Potomac. The officials and clerks, nutn berlng In all not more than two hundred, went to Washington In lumbering stage coaches, ar riving afler a long, tiring Journey of nearly a week. Mrs. Adams, the wife of the Vice President, has left us a record of her adventures on that trip. She says: "After leuvlng Baltimore we wandered about for two hours without finding a guide or a path. Woods are all you can see from the time you leave Baltimore until you rencb the city, which Is so only in name. Here and there Is a small hut, without a glass win dow. Interspersed among the forests, through which you travel for miles without seeing a human being." After enjoying the luxury of life In New York and Philadelphia most of the government olll clals looked with dismay upon this "wilderness city set In a mu.fhole almost equal to Hip great Serbonlan bog," as one of them described the new Ciipltal. It was In such an environment as this that I be Sixth congress began its second session on November 17, 1SIMI. the llrst session held in the new Capital. The north wing of the Capitol. In which the session was held, was In a very In complete coti.lliion, nnd both houses were crowded Into narrow, badly arranged quarters. On the opening day President John Adam-appeared Adam-appeared before a Joint session of he two houses tied made I be following Impressive a! drexs: "I coh-ral.il.ile the people of (he Cnlte,' Slates ell the II ssolil I, I i llg of congress at (he peiiuaiK ni seal of tlelr govt rtiiiieul ; and 1 con ..rat iiliite iii, gent leinen. on the prospect of i, reshlo-nce lint to lu changed. Al!lmn;h ther. Is cause to apprehend (lint iiccommodiilNniK an In.) now so eoinpleU' as might he wislnd. j,' (here is great reason to believe thai C'lls Inch venience will cease with Hie present tesslon. "It wonld be unbecoming the representative of this nation to assemble for the Drat time, la this solemn temple, without looking up to the Supreme Ruler of the universe, and Imploring his blessing. "May this territory be the residence of Tlr-ture Tlr-ture and happiness I In this city may that piety and virtue, that wisdom and magnanimity, that constancy and aelf government which adorned the great character whose name It bears be forever held In veneration I Here, and throughout through-out our country, may simple manners, pure morals and true religion flourish forever! "It Is with you, gentlemen, to consider whether wheth-er the local powera over the District or Columbia, Colum-bia, vested by the Constitution In the congresa of the United States, shall be Immediately exercised. ex-ercised. If, In your opinion, this Important trust ought now be executed, you cannot fall, while performing It, to take into Tlew the fn-ture fn-ture probable situation of the territory for the happiness of which you are about to. provide. You will consider it as the capital of a great nation, advancing with unexampled rapidity In arts, In commerce, In wealth, and In population; popula-tion; and possessing within Itself those energies ener-gies and resources which. If not thrown away, or lamentably misdirected, will secure to It a long course of prosperity and self-government" This first session of congresa In the new Capital Cap-ital was destined to witness some of the most exciting scenes In the history of the nation. Although Al-though the Federalists had a amall majority In congresa, it was evident that the political control con-trol of the country which they had had since constitutional government went Into effect wae fast slipping awsy from them. Adams' rigorous rigor-ous enforcement of the alien and sedition lawa had driven many foreign-born citizens Into the rising Democratic-Republican party. Then, too, there were other causes for bitterness which marked the doom of the once all-powerful Federalists, Fed-eralists, who had been In control of the government govern-ment of the new nation continuously for eleven years. The Presidential campaign of 1900 was an eicltlng one with John Adams as the Federalist Federal-ist candidate for re-election, running with Charles Cotesworth PInckney as Vice President Opposed to them on the Democratic-Republican ticket was Thomas Jefferson (then Vice President) Pres-ident) for President and Aaron Burr for Vict President The election resulted In a victory for the DenuK-rntlc-Republlcans, who received 72 electoral elec-toral votes to the Federalists' 65. The Constitution Consti-tution at that time provided for each Presidential Presiden-tial elector to vote for two persons without designating which was to be President and which to be Vice President. The person receiving re-ceiving the highest number of votes was to be President ahd the next highest Vice President (By an amendment to the Constitution In 1804, the electors are now required to vote separately separate-ly for president and Vice President.) When the electoral votes were cast It was found that the crafty political manipulation of Aaron Burr had resulted In a tie vote for himself him-self and Jefferson, both belftg higher than the vote for Adams. So the election was thrown Into the house of representatives. Amid the greatest excitement, the house began to ballot for a President on February 11, 1801. There were lOti members from 10 states and each state had one vote with the majority of the states necessary neces-sary for a choice. The house sat with closed doors nnd balloting went on continuously day ami night. On the tlrst ballot eight states voted for Jefferson Jef-ferson nnd six for Burr. Two states, Vermont and Maryland, were divided and could not cast a vote. Ballot after ballot was taken with no change In the result. Finally on February IT a break came and Jefferson was elected President Pres-ident by the votes of ten states. During the balloting the excitement In the country was Intense. Charges of all kinds flew thick and fast. It was charged by the Demo-cratlc Demo-cratlc -Republicans that the Federalists were voting for Burr to prevent an election until after March 4 when they would usurp the of-llce of-llce of President by making Chief Justice Marshall Mar-shall of the Supreme court, President, thus establishing es-tablishing n Federalist limited monarchy. On the other band the Federalists charged Jefferson Jeffer-son with every sort of crime, asserted he was an Infidel and spread the report that If he were elected the Bibles would be taken away from the people. Finully the Federalist leader In the house, lames A. I'.a.wird of Delaware, got control of enough votes to be able to elect Jefferson or prolong the contest. So he made a deal with .lefTersnti. receiving from him the assurance hat he would support the public credit, maln-aiii maln-aiii the tii'val svstem and would not remove mm public olhce certain minor olllciuls on po-. po-. Ileal grounds. In return for this. Bayard ar-. ar-. anged f"T Vermont and Maryland to cast a iiiaiilinous vole anil give the two necessary votes to Jefferson. Thus he was finally declared looted and his inauguration took place March lsiii. the lir--t President to he Inaugurated u the new Capital of the I'nlted States. by W'teni Nwaiapr Union.) I |