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Show f J 4 !' I ft , - i ! .Int. ill.' ill) t t 'I 'k ' l - .-ft. ' f - J , - ! li it 'r r M J I 1 1 I - i 1 1 , i t i. ,,r, jl I: r ... i '.'I SATURDAY, AUGUST lt 1525 AMERICAN FORK CITIZEN Infernal Ingenuity By Arthur Woodward. J,. Somewhere in the oosy mud of the Hudson River hear the city ot Yonkero.'Ne" York, lies the rotting wreckage ot a small sloop. In that "wreckage repose the oaken remnant of the Turtle, the first submarine ever used by the United States in warfare war-fare against an Invading enemy. In the early autumn of 1776 when General Washington was laying plans for the defense of Manhattan Island against the combined land and sea forces o? Lord Howe and his Hessian allies, David IHishnell, an inventive young genius ot Say brook, Connecticut, Connecti-cut, brought before Washington the plans for an underwater vessel to be used in the destruction of the English shipping In New York harbor, This extraordinary machine, according accord-ing to an account given in the Journal of Dr. James Thacher, a surgeon In the Continental Army, was constructed construct-ed of wood and "the external appear ance of the torpedo bears some re semblance to two upper tortoise shells, of eual size placed In contact, leaving, at that part , which represents the head of the animal, a flue or opening sufficiently capacious to contain the operator and to support him. thirty minutes," , . . At the bottom, opposite the entrance, en-trance, was a quantity of lead for ballast The operator sat upright, using us-ing one bar for rowing either forward or backward, and was also provided with a rudder for steering his craft A valve in the floor compartment admitted water when the operator wished to descend, and it is related that the tiny ship could descend with ease to. any depth, and rise to the aur face when the water was ejected through two brass froce pumps. It was rendered perfectly water-eight throughout and was equipped with glass windows for the admission of light and with ventilators and air pipes to be used when the craft was running awash with the surface. In the rear of the submarine, Just over the rudder, was located the "torpedo," made of two pieces of oak timber hollowed out and filled with 150 pounds ot powder with a clockwork' clock-work' attachment on the inside which was only released when the magazine was unscrewed by the operator. The clockwork was so arranged that it could be fired any time within twelve hours! by the gun lock attachment connected con-nected with the explosive. A wooden screw tor the purpose ot fastening the infernal machine to the bottom or aMa r iha tarrat nUn maninu- Some woolgrowers In the west have lated by the pilot, after he had drilled , besn U8,n r "d other objectlona-a objectlona-a hole with the augur carried for that b,e DaJnt" tor branding their sheep, special work T,r "ften" during the scouring pro- The Turtle gave promise ot revolu- M "d T?"1" mon tn " lionising naval warfare, and both " ln"1 ,of lt bsorbed by General Washington and MaJoKJener-i e bln "liquor. This Injury to me wooi is causing wool manufacturers manufact-urers Immeasurable difficulty. It wooden screw. A movement of bis hand lx Inches one way or the other would have crowned his efforts with success, but the sergeant, unused to maneuvering around under the keel of a British warship, lost all sense of direction and, in shifting the position of his craft, lost the British ship also. After seeking her In vain by grop lng at random under the water, he finally ascended to the surface somo distance from the ship and, finding daylight well advanced, thought it imprudent im-prudent to renew the attempt and set out for the ; shore. On passing Governor's Island, then occupied by the enemy, he feared he was discovered dis-covered and, imagining that the torpedo retarded his progress, cast it off. It exploded one hour later, "throwing a vast column ot water to an amazing height in the air, and leaving the enemy to conjecture whether the stupendous noise was produced pro-duced by a bomb, a meteor, a waterspout water-spout or an earthquake." Lack of resources put an end to further experimentation. The sub marine, with a new torpedo, was load ed on a small sloop which for safety sake was anchored under the protec- mon of the guns of Port Washington Treachery on the part of deserters from the garrison in Port Washington or the information of spies caused the British fleet, which had hitherto re malned practically inactive during the construction of the obstruction across the Hudson River at Jeffry's Hook where the light house now stands, to get ready for sudden action. Early on the morning of Wednes day, October 9th, not long after the unsuccessful attempt to blow up the Eagle, the Brtftsfi frigate Phoenix ac companied by the Roebuck a frigate of thirty-two giins, fhe Tartar of twenty guns, and three tenders stood up the river towards Fort Washington frightening frigh-tening the sloop bearing the submarine sub-marine and another schooner laden with sugar and run Into hasty fight. The contest- was unequal. " The schooner was speedily captured while the sloop which had reached a point opposite Yonkers was sent to the bottom bot-tom with a few well directed shots, where it probably lies to this day. Thus ended the first attempt at submarine sub-marine warfare in North American waters. Prom Adventure Magazine for July. o Branding Sheep With Tar Injures Wool Latest Triumph in Railroacling .-- l .. II M r ' 1 1, It ?' ,J ' . if Tf tT1 t:; iUSfcirtUStfKir: 'li j 1 -' 11111 1 1 . . , r i THE completion of the new Chicago Union Station marks a noteworthy note-worthy accomplishment in the history of Important engineering undertakings, from which travelers from all parts of the United States will derive pleasure pleas-ure and benefit The station Is without doubt one of the finest and most efficiently designed railroad terminals In the world. It forms a vital link In the realisation of the "Chicago City Beautiful Plan." Simplicity, Sim-plicity, accessibility and convenience for the traveling public are the essential essen-tial virtues of the new terminal. Rest nd recreation rooms, ticket offices, barber shop, dining rooms, stores of various kinds, and almost every convenience con-venience known to travelers, are to be found on the one level, no steps to climb. The main station Is a low monumental monumen-tal type of building with a row ot massive columns of Hassle design along the entire east front Once Inside, In-side, the traveler finds himself In a gigantic waiting room more than 100 feet ' Mgh "and " Brilliantly" lighted through skylights In the great arch celling. Colonnades Inclose the room, the walls of which are patterned after the architecture of ancient Rome. Bordering Bor-dering this room are the ultra-complete psssenger terminal facilities. An Innovation Inno-vation In railway terminal design Is a conference room accommodating 123 people, which Is available, without charge, to patrons of the Union Station Sta-tion lines for conferences and other meetings. To give some idea of the ImmenHlty of the new station, It may be stated that the mnln building covers an area of about three acres with a concourse covering fiO.ono square feet. ,The entire en-tire terminal facilities cover more than 85 acres and will expedite the prompt and satlractry - handling -of 80,000 passengers, 400 tons of baggage and 800 trains dally with room for future expansion. Fifteen acres of glass were used In the various coverings over the train sheds, which extend more than 1,200 feet beyond the main structure. A total of 17.000 tons of structurul steel, 175,000 cubic feet of Indiana limestone and 10,000 cubit-feet cubit-feet of granite were used In the station sta-tion building and concourse. The foun dation consists of 449 cylindrical con crete piers from four to ten feet In diameter, reaching to a depth of more than W feet below the level of the Chicago river. " Those who have had the privilege of Inspecting the new station pronounce pro-nounce It a marvel in terminal construction con-struction and are urging their friends to see it on their next visit to Chicago. The stntlon Is used Jointly by the Pennsylvania Railroad: Chicago, Milwaukee Mil-waukee A St. Paul Ry, ; Chicago, Burlington Bur-lington h Qulncy R. R, aaa the Chicago Chi-cago Alton R, B. . Fact on Ten-Dollar Bill The man whose face adorns the ten-dollar ten-dollar bill Is that of Michael Ulllegas, first treasurer of the United States. Some of us are not very familiar with that face because our $10 bills don't remain with us long enough to get well acquainted. Thrift Magazine. al Israel Putman who was in charge of the defense preparations ot the city at the time, were keenly interested In the courious Invention. tn rnnrf nan. Thrt first vniutnl nicke.l pleted and tested out. it was deter- :ri'on 'ucn br,ndtaS W mind by General Putman to put lt ln-i to good use. The first easel picked reduces the value of the wool dealers and manufactures will result In lower prices to growers In the locality or as the victim was the British flag ship Eagle, a handsome man-of-war of sixty-four guns, then lying at anchor in the Inner Bay, not far from -OWSTnorrisTanar lt so happened that Bushnell's brother, who had been Instructed In the operation of the submarine, was taken suddenly sick. Sergeant Ezra Lee, afterwards made a captain of a. Connecticut regiment, was hastily initiated into the 'mysteries of the mechanics of the craftTTIe embarked one night In October, 1776, with the powder magazine in place, ready to blow up the proud ship of the line. Sergeant I-ee submerged and reached reach-ed the Eagle in safety. Unfortunately, In attempting to drill a hole in tho wooden timbers near the rudder hinge, he struck an Iron bar passing from the rudder hinge to the shlp'j quarter and was unable to attach the tlced. There are sheeo-brandlna fluids on the market that dissolve readily In the scouring process, and It will be to the advantage of wool-growers wool-growers as well as wool manufacturers manufactur-ers to use such preparations. - om--ririhmtt have - rafted - the question as to whether the brand marks made from a liquid that will scour out ot the wool will keep the sheep properly Indentlfled. Tho I'-nlted States Department of Agriculture Agricul-ture has been branding thousands of Its range ahefep for many years, and it has found that the right kind of branding liquid Is satisfactory for maintaining the Identification of the sheep. This has also been the ex-pettence ex-pettence of many successful ranch men. o Cutting Moving Cost The burden of moving may bs lightened light-ened by first taking home the things you have borrowed. Hartford Times. Fox's Deep Cunning Foxes will kill their own scent, play 'possum and escape at the last moment, mo-ment, make a trap go off without being be-ing caught and drift down rivers like a derelict sack in their cunning fight for life. Sorry tor Burglar A certain Atchison woman makes such bad pies that when her husband surprised a burglar in the act of stealing steal-ing a pie from the refrigerator, he yelled for the police and a physician. Atchison (Kan-) Globe. Piece Social Favorite Frni'klln Pierce hn been generally credited with having been the handsomest hand-somest President of the I'nlted States, and the social niTalr nt the Whits Iouser during Ms ln umna?y were fashionable nITuIrs. Although a raw wind, following a heavy rain which left the mud ankle cltHi in the capital, marred the Inaugural ceremony, there was a striking millln. ry array In the. turnout. 100-Year-Old Clock Rune The Van II el den family In Orange 'lty, Iowa, has a clock that Is 100 years old nnl in such gixnl condition that It Is likely to lust another century cen-tury under proper handling. The sturdy timepiece was made In Holland anil has been Inspected by many Jew-tiers Jew-tiers who are Interested In Its machinery ma-chinery and the material used In lt. Disease in London Fog Winter diseases are ascribed by some London doctors to milk produced In darkness, and recently the Sunlight league was told that 50 per cent of the light London ought to get was shut off by the smoke pall. American Apples in Egypt American '-Trpptpr are "-popular""! Egypt and are preferred to- those received re-ceived from Italy, Greece and Turkey, but the farthest away look the best, and Australian apple are offering keen competition. Science Servke. Human Whale A Frenchman at Marseilles, who has a normal stomach, but Is able- to dilate di-late It at will, can swallow four quarts of water and eject It like a whale In a Jet seven feet high. Great Water Power Tunnel A 15-mtle tunnel, which will cost nearly $tt.U00.000, will be driven under Ben Nevis In Scotland to carry the water from l.oclis Trelg and Laggsa to a new power house. Tunnel and Diamond Large The largest railroad tunnel in the world la the Sluiplon, between Italy and Switzerland, the length being 12 miles nnd 458 yards; the largest diamond dia-mond !s known as the CulUnan, weighing weigh-ing 3,025 carats; the largest specific gravity of any material known being that for platlna, which Is 2,150, making mak-ing this material the heaviest on record. The Truth Respect the truth. Be true. There Is no conscience, there Is no noble lite, there is no capacity for sacrifice where there Is not a religious, a rigid and a rigorous respect for truth. Strive then to fulfill this dlfflcult"dut. Untruth corrupt whoever makes use of It before lt overcomes him against' whom lt Is used. Prezzonnt. Country's Heat Lose Heat losses of the United States .Industries .In-dustries through radiation, conduction and convection are equivalent to an amount of fuel , costing $1,000,000,000 annually, a nation-wide survey has dls closed, according to a report made recently re-cently before a chemical society. Great Lawyer Prolific John B. Moors, In bis "Llf Ma, shall" states: 'During bis period of service, 11)3 esses ot International law were decided. Marshall delivered the opinion on 80 of these." " Mr. Moors also states that ot 62 opinions on constitutional con-stitutional law handed- down during Marshall's period of service, 1801-1833, Uarshall delivered 86 written opinions. Security in Silent Wild Where there Is nothing of civilization civiliza-tion for 100 miles, not even telegraph tele-graph wire, one comes to revere that refreshing bit of bravery, the - flag, whipping above trees, t symbol of su-thority su-thority and order. One thrills at ths music of the band, and bugle calls add a character-forming stimulation. Leo Crane, in the Atlantic Monthly. ' J Custom Hat Endured ,A Adrian Willaert, founder of ths Venetian School of Music, went to Venice to live In 1256. He was mads chapel master of the Church of St Mark, which had two organs facing each other. This circumstance led Willaert to divide his choir in two. Hs thereby established a custom which ultimately becume universal. SATURDAY AUQTTkti j Picking Minces Tom, age five, was not very familiar with mince pie. The other day his mother made one and while eating a piece, he stopped and looked at his mother and asked: "Mother did you ever see . a mince before lt was picked r . mi $Ermu Buick Com, i n wiia uiack VelTct i II V Early English Judges in the Thirteenth century In England, Eng-land, (raveling judges, who were called justices in eyre, were appointed to proceed around certain assigned cir cuits and to try civil and criminal cases that might be brought before them. Renovating Old Trunk An old trunk that seems too shabby io take anywhere, may be made to look almost like new If given one or two coats of stain and varnish of the color it originally had. Even the brass latches and lock may be polished with metal polish, to good advantage. Expert Opinion railroad man tells the Fort Tribune that' If the railroads a billion dollars a year for 19 eliminating grade crossings In America, there still would be 84,000 crossings left," says the Kansas City Times. i "A Scott spent years Showed Qualities Early Prince Eugene, son of the count of Solssons, was only thirty-three years old when he was appointed commander command-er in chief of the Imperial army of Austria In the war against the Turks In 1606. Composition of Pulque) Pulque, popular Mexican drink. Is made from the agavs or maguey. The drluk contains about 7 per cent alcohol alco-hol and Is intoxicating when drunk In large quantities. It possesses some medicinal qualities. ' Breeding Softies Is not this, from the Pahuska Journal-Capital, most unfortunately , true? "Civilization Is a complicated system that defeats Its own ends by making lt easier for weaklings to survive.' Boston Transcript. Lo, the Poor Pedestrian The pedestrian is given right of way at all crosswalks except those controlled con-trolled by traffic police, and vehicles s re given right of way over pedestrians between Intersections. Washington Post. They Now Think Different Sultans and priests ot Turkey at one time considered smoking so serious s crime that In many cases torture and death was the punishment meted out to those Indulging In It. Excellent Suggestion We ought to have a few more statues stat-ues to the men who have made us merriest, mer-riest, besides those to warriors: There's Bill Nye, Artemui Ward and Bob Burdette. Exchange. World's Finest Wire , The finest wire ever made, so slender slen-der that lt cannot be seen without a microscope, has been manufactured by a physicist in the Department of Agriculture. w - p' v . r L 4 ! ' Si A N Interesting an4 sffsethi- , ponent of ths lone . shown In ths drs won Z Eleanor Boardman. MetrMJoI' ;wyn-Marer star. Fuhloni black, velvet It gains la chit JI charm by thrse bands of trautt This -touch of trmlns ts rpt( , Jn the graceful shawl of Ipm type cleverly draped to for evening- wrap of somswhat grw formality than ths usual shait, collars i of fur ars frequently im to finish the neck ot these m shawl-Vrapa and add constdentiii-16 constdentiii-16 their smartness and uidlrUi. ility. - , Term Used by Builitn ' "Pise" la the material tnd the sm ess of using earth of a clayey eossV tency for building by stamping It iui In place to drive out the mobm.. Any soil that Is found to pack a Be hand may be used. Where the wfl kit much clay In It, this constrnctloa k capable of enduring many yean I Is sometimes called adobe. Ths s ' terlal differs from crude or nnbonel brick In being made up In ths mm Instead of being shaped lo block te building. Took Secret to Crave Once a knife or a sword Is brokax It Is unmendable, for without destnf lng Its temper there Is apparent!; m completely successful process of wse lng steel. Yet In the early part of n last cttitory there lived In Welsh village a blackumlth who wo) able, within half , an Jiour, to tU broken swords so skilfully that mm could detect the Joining. His died with him. What the Deacon Seii This Is credited to the Osborne VI lags Beacon : "Deacon," said bsf baked chump to me the other fcf, "why don't you take more of yonr advice r "My benighted brother, 1 replied as softly as my temper wooH permit "I am fixing up this medic for your ailments and not for mj No doctor takes his own medicine, f mors than a hanker pays 8 per east t money." Xtta?Md?ame EaAj William Congreve. the great tri dramatist of the Seventeeatt Eighteenth centuries, wrote the plays on which his fame restt fore he was thirty years, old. He o little of Importance after be was nw Was Civil War Vetera Eratl Frey, who was PresM ths Swiss Confederation from 1 1897, was a sergeant in the Union tw during ths Civil war, and wU prisoner at Gettysburg, and cwsj IB Llbby prison. Osculatory w- ' .. Li.. . Mr nnexoectw Tho best you can do Is to sooner than shs thought you Colorado Dodo. AUfTMIUSaOtt MICKIE, THE PRINTER'S DEVIL. By Charles Sughroe Meet Irene, the Office Jn Vv or v vZZ-myi-vT v-t r,-yc; "Hl ftx amt hb qhauq i v for uxxm wb wiu, havers V; "hbwwemw a "(w J "Tp!l. l&y SSSteJ"1, M potato cxiad, LrrrucE J - w " : CZutt murtcaeoMcss utstmeiAte aorucfioof, .MASSJfD tt...,. NCARS, $AH$ TWAY WM THS PASSUJ0. NeAU.HSV GftOVMR ' uksmixio .1. IW. t 1 |