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Show EMERY COUNTY PROGRf CASTLE DALE. UTAH .9.4.9- I mh f Author J. i J T33L. I-- nmw ;: 'ft V . il H. Kiflfi? I , sr.. fLffi 'M--jff- - ELMO SCOTT WATSON February morning lust thirty yenrs ago tlie news Unshed over the country that the United Stntes battleship Maine, commanded by Cunt. Charles Dwlglit Slgsbee, had been blown up in the harbor of Havana, Cuba, and that two hundred und sixty-fou- r men und two officers had been killed. Since that time disasters at sea have claimed many more American lives and after the first outburst of horrified amazement at thetn the public has quickly forgotten. Rut far different was the aftermath of the destruction of the Maine, for it came at a time when relations between two great nations were strained almost to the breaking point and It pruned to be one of the factors which plunged America into a war from which she emerged as a different nation from that which the world had known before and Inevitably committed to a role as a world power and a player In the game of international politics. Although historians of today do not usually "point to this disaster In Havana harbor on February 15, 181)8, as a turning pofnt In history, historians of the future may NB Lntln-America- Ken-tucl- d y t - "--- - cost of $2,500,000, and was first commissioned in d batSeptember, 1S05. She was a h barbette turrets, with a tleship with two length of 318 feet, beam 57 feet, draft 21 feet and displacement of 6,682 tons. The barbette armor was 12 Inches thick and the plates of the turret armor were jight inches thick. The hull was encased in an armor belt 12 inches in thickness, tapering to seven Inches below the water line. Like most of her class, her ends were unprotected by side armor, but at both ends there were transverse armored bullflieads of sufficient thickness to deflect projectiles. A steel deck covered the vital parts of the ship and afforded protects n to the machinery and boilers. The Maine's armament consisted of four rifles, en barbette in turrets, In the main battery and six rifles on the battery deck for the auxiliary battery. Four eight and two rapid fire guns, four revolving cannon and four Gattlings made up the second battery and there were armored tops on each of the two masts. She was pelled by twin screws of manganese bronze, the power being furnished by two screw engines of 9,000 Indicated horse power. Carrying 822 tons of coal, she could steam 2,770 knots at 14.8" knots an hour or 7.000 knots at 10 knots an hour. She had a double bottom and numerous water-tigh- t compartments. A bulkhead divided the engine room, so that each set of the machinery was in a water-tigcompartment by Itself. The story of the tragedy which caused the loss of this magnificent vessel and was a contributsteel-armore- ten-inc- ten-inc- six-Inc- h three-pounde- ht ing factor to the Spanish-Americawar Is told in the following excerpts from the message by President McKinley to congress late in March, n 1S0S the pcrt i Jhh!.fMTalne em!red her arrival of Havana on the spec a) incident besides th exchange of cuslomar? Ma,ne contlnwS A". hCe''erunW Vi8i,s The the In during three weeks X It lndlnf,her excitement on Ahe contrary, a feeling of relief and confidence followed the resumption of he long interrupted friendly Intercourse. So was this immediate effect of her visit that the consul general urged that the presence of our ships in strongly Cuban waters should be kept up by retaining the Maine at Havana or In event of her recall, by sending another vessel there to take tier place. At 40 minutes past nine In the evening of the 15th of February the Maine was destroyed by an explosion, by which the entire part of the ship was utterly wrecked. In this two officers and two hundred and sixty-fou-catastrophe r of her crew perished, those who were not killed outright by the explosion being penned between decks by the tangle of wreckage and drowned by the Immediate . sinking of the hull. . The usual procedure was followed, ai In all cases of casualty or disaster to national vessels of maritime state. A naval court of Inquiry wasany at once organized, composed of officers well qualified by rank and practical experience to discharge the duty imposed upon them. Aided by a force of wreckers and divers, the court strong proceeded to make a thorough Investigation on the spot, employing every available means for the and exact determination of the causesImpartial of the explosion. . . . The finding of the court of was reached 23 Inquiry after days of continuous labor. . . . f "PPble The report of that court of inquiry, tieaded by Capt. W. T. Sampson, president, and Lieut. Com. A. Marix, Judge advocate, was briefly this: That the loss of the Maine was not In any respect due to fault or negligence on the part of any of the officers or members of the crew. That the ship was destroyed by the expinsion of a submarine mine, which caused the parti:I explosion of two or more of her forward magazines. That no evidence has been obtainable fixing the responsibility for the destruet.un of the .Maine upon any perio-- or persons. i Although the Spanish authorities In Havana gave all the aid possible to the Americans after the destruction of the Maine and paid the highest honors to the first recovered dead when they were buried by the municipality in the public cemetery in the city, this was offset by the attitude of Spain that the disaster had Ven caused by an explosion of her magazines, du to the carelessness of her officers. The first blaze of wrath which swept America the day after the explosion was calmed somewhat by the report of Captain Sigsbee, asking that judgment be suspended until the cause of the accident be investigated, and by President McKInley's plea for a calm consideration of the facts as established by the board of inquiry. But the conviction grew that Spain had struck in the dark and In a later message from the President to congress fie summed up the feeling of America toward Spain in the weoids "The destruction of the Maine, by whatever exterior cause, Is a patent and impressive proof of a state rf things in Cuba that is intolerable. That condition is thus shown to be such that the Spanish government cannot assure safety and security to a vessel of the American navy ia the harbor of Havana on a mission of peace and rightfully there:" In that message he asked congress for authority to establish an independent government in Cuba and on April 19 congress adopted a resolution declaring that Spanish rule in Cuba must cease, recognizing the independence of Cuba and empowering the President to use the entire land and naval forces of the United States to drive Spain from Cuba. That meant only one thing-- war. When America went to war it was by a formal document passed by congress on April 25 But the American people went to war with no formal phrases. Their declaration was summed up in the new battle cry of "Remember It was one of the shortest wars In American history. Beginning in April its end was foreshadowed in August when Spain made overtures for peace, a protocol was signed and hostilities ceased. The end came with the treaty of peace signed on December 10. By the terms of the treaty Spain gave up all claim to Cuba and ceded Porto Rico, Guam nnd the Philippines to the United States, receiving the sum of twenty million .dollars for the latter. The decisive 'naval victories of Manila and Santiago definitely established the position of the United States as a naval power and her acquisition of In territory the Orient brought her out of the seclusion of concern with only domestic affairs to a new Inter national relationship. No doubt the Spanlsh-Americawar was In evitnble und would have been fought whether Maine the had been destroyed or not But that disaster was the one thing necessary to American people the will to fight and give the the termination to back up their lenders to do tlm utmost In prosecuting the war. So It mav be regarded as a turning point in history" one of those unlooked-fo- r incidents whose Importance not be may appreciated at the time, but which grow In Importance with the years. The men who perished on the Maine were afterwards removed from the in cemetery Havana and the coffins of these firs victims of America's shorted f,nd most rll llnntly-wowar were returned to the States on American warships. Thev w,.v. v ( .1 mine!; in Arlington National cemetery nd the marker tVt . i i i i lie nlnnA or iriiif- - n.Knn it 'I tfeA pip anchor of the battleship on which' they perwS the name of which Is still rememhereti by ArT,' '" '"""f cry or isns u re- peated "Remember the Maine." Twenty-On- e. rJ more. When holding Ace and small ones In one hand and Queen and small ones in the other, the proper way to lead is low towards the Queen, nere again there Is an even chance of winning with the Queen because if second hand holds the King up the Queen takes that trick, and if secend hand plays the King the Queen will tuke a trick later, while, of course, if fourth hand hplds the King the Queen Is lost With Ace, King, Jack and others divided between the two hands It Is best to lead the Ace or King first and then decide whether or not It Is best to finesse against the Queen. The fall of the cards on the first trick may give some Indication of the location of the Queen, or it may even be as caught there is a chance of its being held alone. One of the most Important helps in deciding which way to finesse is to think of the bidding and try to visualize the hands from the Information so gained. If there has been no the best way Is to decide where you would like to find a certain card and then play Just as If you knew It was there. In deciding whether or not to take a finesse one should consider the gain which will result from Its success compared with the loss Incurred If It bid-din- g fails. If its success is to secure game or a slam, necessary while its fail-ur- e will not endanger the contract it should be taken. bn, !tg guccesg would mean only a fifth odd trick at a major, suit declaration, while its IlTlW,,, flag-drape- d n ivti All By J( tCopyrifht. by Hoylo. Jr.) ECLARER'S play of a no trump exeroffers opportunity for the a which faculties those cise of all of reause. Memory, must good player Inferences all soning deductions and must be brought to bear npon the one point getting the greatest postwenty-sible number of tricks from the dumand declarer of cards six most the of one is my Here finessing of obtaining methods used frequently thoran extra trick or two, and a la of absolutely it understanding ough necessary. First let us have a definition: a trlck "Finessing l try'nfl t0 take with a certain card when there is a location of higher one unplayed, the which Is unknown." If the location of this higher card is unknown It must be held by an adversary; but declarer does not know which adversary holds it. The simplest form of finessing is when dummy holds Ace, Queen and others of a suit, and declarer has only small ones. In taking this finesse or in finessing against the King, as it ts called, declarer leads low from his hand and if senior plays low, dummy's Queen is played. If senior holds the King the Queen will win the trick and the finesse is successful; but if junior has the King, the.Queen is taken by it and the finesse loses. According to the law of averages the King will be held on each side of the time and there just one-hafore this finesse has even chances of winning or losing. If, however, a player does not take the finesse "because he is afraid of losing" as sonie say, and then is obliged to lead the times Queen he loses it 'ninety-nin- e out of one hundred. Therefore, a finesse of this kind always should be taken unless some further circumstance makes it undesirable to do so. Another common finesse Is when holding Ace and small ones in one hand and Queen, Jack and small ones in the other. Here the Queen should be led toward the Ace and if the King is not played by second hand a low card should be played from the hand holding the Ace. If second hand holds the King, the Queen will win the trick and the Jack should be led. If the King is still held up the Jack Is passed through and wins and the Ace will catch the King unless second hand held three guards for it When holding Ace, Queen and ten in one hand there is an opportunity to take a double finesse (against the King and Jack) by playing the ten, or to take the single finesse (against the King) by playing the Queen. Experience has. shown that in such a case it is advisable to take the double finesse when holding eight or less cards in the suit In both hands; but take the single finesse when holding nine or n 55 ! J lf do so. To get a proper perspective on the Importance of the Maine disaster, It is necessary to go back to the beginning of American history. For three centuries and a half Spuin had held the Island rj Cuba, although she had lost most of her colonies in both North and South America. The Cubans, moved by the success of other in throwing off the yoke of Spain, which had become a galling one, began to dream of the day when they, too, should be free. As early as 1822 sympathy with this desire was openly expressed in the United States, but no opportunity for showing sympathy in a more tangible form occurred until 1848 when the Cubans revolted against their Spanish rulers and succeeded In keeping up a guerrilla warfare for a number of years. In 1851 Col. William L. Crittenden of joined a filibustering expedition which set out from New Orleans under Narciso Lopez to aid the Cubans. The Spaniards captured the whole party and Lopez, Colonel Crittenden and some fifty others were shot at Havana. There was nothing that America could do about Crittenden's execution, for a nation cannot countenance a filibustering expedition against a presumably peaceful neighbor nation. But when Spain put Cuba under martial law American sympathy grew more outspoken. And then came the famotis "Virginlus affair." In 1873, the an American-registerevessel, was captured by a Spanish gunboat, taken to a Cuban port and fifty of her crew, most of them Americans, were stood before a firing squad. At this outrage excitement in America ran Wgh, but the American administration, after a long series of negotiations with Spain, allowed her to settle by paying an Indemnity. Meanwhile the. rebellion in Cuba was continuing and the horrors of the Spanish attempts to put it down continued with it In 1875 the United States intimated to Spain that unless the war were stopped intervention might become necessary and Spain took the hint She granted certain reforms and the struggle seemed to be ended. But it proved to be only the beginning, so far as the United States was concerned for the Don failed to keep his promise to the Cuban patriot, and in 1895 another Insurrection was under way. Under the leadership of such men as Gomez, Maeeo and Garcia, the rebels put up such a valiant fight that they gained control of most of the provinces and their plucky resistance to the harshness of Spanish rule won for them the admiration and the active sympathy of the American people. As the struggle continued America was more closely involved by outrages against American citizens living in Cuba at the hands of General Weyler "Butcher" Weyler, they called him und early in 1S07 the situation In Cuba became the subject of considerable debate in congress. Up to this time the question of Intervention in Cuba was one upon which the American people probably were as much divided as were the members of congress. All during that year the war in Cuba and the efforts of President McKinley to bring about a peaceful solution of the problem, that" would be satisfactory to both Spain and the United States, was foremost in the minds of Americans. But as time went on the realization of that hope seemed more and more remote. Then the situation of Americans in Havana began to cause uneasiness and it was decided to send a warship to that port, not only to protect American Interests in case the need for such protection should arise, but as a friendly gesture to the Spanish authorities and a symbol of good will between the two nations. Accordingly the battleship Maine was ordered to Havana for that purpose. Compared to the battleships of today, the Maine would not be considered such a mighty engine of war, but thirty years ago she was one of our finest vessels and us a fighting machine she was as formidable as any of her class. The Maine was launched at the Brooklyn navy yard In NoTeiafjcr, 1S90, at a . HihUfht(AuetioBndf.-- ?i Declarer's Play of a No Trump Finessing LZlL'rf tim i By -- PAUL H. SEYMOUR Article Jill V-f- EASY LESSONS IN auction BRIDGE? b, s' S S'K of man wh : the erestsgo oi ffhilethi following are necessarrT Iron, solder, flux .. ammoniac to clean the i? While the iron lT either In a blow torcboTl' or by means of electricltT-tha- t kind of an .. 7 the two ends of inches. Be sure the Cross the wires about n.c ruus ana wrao around the other wi best possible mechanical fa. nesPa ion school! u for esan refusing t m giting J? C iron is glamor, the meaning tht hidden meaning, If you will of words Is nothing but time, and what Is and what is not. custom, and combined by men through organization and rules into a great result This result, which we call language, gives us reading and writing-gives us books, newspapers, magazines-el- ves us a range of action and think-in- g that were utterly impossible with- There are more than 400,000 words the Engl.sh language now, and of this number the average person uses only a few thousand. They The remainder await our suffice. usage, life from the musty covers of the s,ure,y we USht t0 I mucins' tlS ""cu the for All Joints in the soldered to prevent keep resistance low in Z1 weak currents are tenna circuit, and wee tends to weake. '""J the signals. Those w. kl offices Lie search anth not, clean by rubbinir it On tha moniac and then anni. ...J to the tip to "tin- - it Coat & with a thin film of flni iml hot iron to the joint, and at t ume wun uie other hand, tea. solder to the tip of the Iron, soldering iron is sufficiently t, the Joint clean, the oi,i0. ,i ais easily and instantly ' of 3am ' ation of a been ibas Idminis cooL-F- By P tcuu. Applica' Tube Prongs May Not cases I y 3e in Perfect Cot lcertainty. Many fans have searched for trouble in their receive and falling to find It have set apart and built one from' other hookup. And the trail; been all the time that one of prongs has not been in perM spproxm fe i the bos :ath. tfc tact the springs wrtb of socket. This Is a small item, but most vital elements of the This sii the It a mi of to crities one tare. set Iu the case of contact filament prongs, it Is easy to poor contact because the fllameE not light unless the contact Ii and If it is poor the filament flicker in such a manner as some guide to actual conditions. But in the case of the tea made by grid and plate pronja tracing of trouble back to is not so easy. But making sore all contacts are good is a simple ter, If the fan will only take this caution before wiring his set Take the tube sockets tone; in the particular hookup being and insert the tube to be used socket for which it is intended. less the socket has a closed will be an easy matter to tm t They e a pre( lint, to be Unit the to Metallized Leak Will Assure a Quiet In ten; silitvjai I Ejstem Lt the at Isesment aftc E;ied Ikeptic The i Tl Experimenters who are constril short-wav- e sets to receive tr lif sum jiich It elev r first freauencv signals from the enstinc stations who have started! ppended to to tt service should carefully ad detector circuits for maximum i ambit radlocaSJ sitivity. In the usual more Then reiver in which t vo or amplification y of h itself the gna km of value used the out On the other ban v&rv prltlcnl. lifJi iadici short-wav- e receivers, where y ampimeawq no poumei used and where regeneration is IsrtjTs a the of snrv. the resistance belief fairly critical. To Insure quiet s resistance in Hon nnrl constant leak such as the metallized tjM smite advisable. radio-frequenc- J -t- radio-frequenc- i RuUdine Is Far From Being a HardTem sere? knows Any amateur who ana driver screw a handle hon a rWo nf wire with t a receiving seu connections soldering of the dticed to Its simplest express cause the wires used ana nn nil the apparatus minoi k!m Am pent brigh tlm enlrlerillS, it Is no difficulty worth mentioiungj uu is not necessary to have a booknps of to read diagrams circuit, nin WOT drawings 'nre ly the place the assembly connected to poor Ins furnished s"offiDSJl each pari ana u' seric: mot! Tl, each one. per pame not be risked. the !Sr.rU DlS factor thou (J en,ancPr Forming a Language n Sold eringSirnpIejJ 'JOB FOR THE NOTEBOOK 'an .ii..r perrji dill dve power oiniMiiiv. distortion. minimum volume and teai Dust accumulates and causes a dra n on B to save tne powe. nla Its power off before the the set are turned on, to turn on the filaments bo power cults. . . .loncfTS I When variflme com.,.. cult to turn, adjustment mJ to the bearings or the fc I but unir no condition apP'J working parts. .... figments . " rIlll isever &orn we than vacuum tube brighter feat w the i ino,t nnd v,.(l.i tube Is unduly shortened, a fr power is required, use or si r4 An orange wood stick ' w a Mult crate, covered " d, d in cotton, Is handy ror and dust out clean to quarters The cotton can be molsteneo . A ; j )( J lr cohol. |