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Show f , Although bridges spring from the demands of commerce, Romans built them for conquest. And when Issued every Friday p. m. at 2044 South 11th East Advertising Rates on Application O. C. CONNIFF, Publisher BuBlneaa Office and Plant Salt Lake City, Utah their empire fell, so did the science of bridge building. War revived that science on a grand scale, too, says a writer in the Washington Post. Napoleon may command respect or condemnation as a military but he needed bridges in his business. So , bridges were built. Yet, some spans came between the Romans and Napoleon. For instance, there was the old stone London bridge. Its distinguishing feature was the houses and shops bordering its roadway. These were of wood, regularly burned down with terrible loss of life, .and were just as regularly Railroads, coming along . in the 1830's, took up where Napoleon left n off. Then came the first bridge. Scottish engineers developed this type with a span in Glasgow in 1841, and a mistake of Scottish engineers signaled the passing of large iron bridges. The mistake was in not allowing for the force of wind in throwing up the Tay bridge. In 1&79, two years after its completion, the crossing was swept away in a storm. A train on the bridge was hurled into the river, carrying, about 100 people to their deaths. glory-seeke- r, Phone copy for news items and events of Interest to The Bulletin" Hyland 864. Copy for news Items, social and sport activities, must be in the office not later than noon Wednesday, for publication In the following Issue cf The Bulletin." or Commercial Printing Company E N.T S all-iro- FULL TOGETHER No matter how determined the individual effort and personal Initiative the chances of coming out on top depend to. a large degree on cooperation. This applies to men on any step of the ladder of success . . . of the average small heads of million dollar corporations, store or shop. Pulling together is the recipe for success; today. In an world, more than ever before. It lightens the load, relieves the strain, and provides incentive for carrying on. ever-changi- ng HOME OWNERSHIP. OA1NS POPULARITY Thousands of families who postponed home ownership and contented themselves with living quarters that would just "do" to ride out the de- pression are finding that with the return of higher wages, steadier ployment, and more confidence in the future, home ownership has again taken a place In their hopes and ambitions. Many have already stalled construction of homes; countless others are planning to build during the fall. em- Loftiest Plateau Has as Elevation of 16,500 Feet Tibet has the loftiest large plateau in the world, a vast tableland, with an average elevation of 18,500 feet, observes a writer in London Magazine. Tibet is a strange place inhabited strange people, with strange cusby AN OLD, OLD STORY toms and habits. It is a province in Central Asia, west and southwest It's an old, old story . . . this idea two can live as cheap as one of China, and north of India. The but facts are proving all along that those on the affirmative side seem is largely a mixture of population to to know what they are talking about. Chinese and East Indians. The highly rarefied atmosphere causes all kinds of trouble. In winter the air is. so cold and so defiOldest Catholic Settlement Tombstone to a Smoke cient in oxygen that explorers have Famous to According An old woman, living at Portsfound it almost unendurable, and the first Catholic church mouth, heard h ghost story about Facts, many travelers have lost all their a murdered sailor which so im- settlement Was formed at St. Au- pack animals during this season. gustine, Florida, in , 1565, though In summer the clear sky and thin pressed her that she put up a memorial tombstone to the victim. Odd Mass was said as early as 1524 in air permit the suns rays their full tombstones are to be found in all Manhattan island for Verazzano and power and the hottest days are often corners of the countryside, says probably earlier services were held followed at night by temperatures by the explorers from Greenland. London below freezing point. Magazine. Peterson's Tower, at Sway, New Forest, Figures on church membership in There are no fowls, but this indicate makes is 220 feet high probably the' the Catholic Almanac little difference, as one probof to Catholics world's record tombstone, if we ex- highest percentage could not boil an egg in these ably in New Mexico, cept the Pyramids, tombs of- the church inmembers altitudes on account of the low North Carolina. Egyptian kings. As a memorial to lowest boiling point of water at such high Sir Walter Raleigh's first smoke, a elevations. tree was planted. A spade stuck in Tomato, or Love Apple, The country is rich In minerals, ;the ground at the head of a grave, robber bands are numerous and but Morocco Also VApple of with the laborers name carved on so travelers find it safer to bold, When the Spaniards invaded Peru move in the handle, is surely the simplest, large companies. Yaks, as well as the most apt, memorial. they found the natives eating a mules,' ponies, and even sheep are d small fruit growing on used as pack animals. Great Tooth of Buddha plants as tall as dwarf trees. When saw plants in Mexico Honored in Gay Pageant later they the same fruit, they did not bearing Victoria of England One of Indias most elaborate fes- connect the Peruvian discovery with death of her uncle, WilOn the of Sacred the tivals is the pageant the fruits wjtich the Aztecs of Mexon June 20, 1837, Victoria liam IV, Tooth of Buddha. The perahera" ico called TomatL ascended the throne at the age of lasts for ten days, ending on the In process of time seeds of this and was crowned on June Richly night of the full moon. tomatl grown in Spaiii found their .eighteen, 28, 1838. She became engaged to adorned chiefs, troups of masked way to Morocco, where they first dancers, gaily decorated elephants, became known as the apple of Mo- her cousin, Prince Albert of in October, 1839, and brilliantly illuminated streets and rocco. There the Italians found it colorful processions, turn the city and translated this term into Porno married him on February 10, 1840. Her husband died in 1861 but she into a festive center. dei Mori. When it finally reached survived him for forty, years, to On .the last night the climax is France it became Pomme d' Amour. 1901. She had four 22,' January rqached with one magnificent pro- Thus did our cousins ar- sons and five and, by the daughters cession. Hundreds of elephants take rive at the termEnglish love apple now time of her were 37 there death, worn and is part, regalia used for the tomato in various lanwas Her reign ele-i guages. ;by the chiefs. In front of the in English history. Great the longest tom-and cracked are ! phants, whips The earliest colonists to reach this jubilee processions and ceremonies toms and drums continually throb. continent brought seeds with them, marked the celebration of her goldEver so often the procession halts among them those of love apples, en anniversary in 1837, and diawhile special dances take place. which in those days were cherished mond in 1897. She was One elephant attracts more atmore for the beauty of their fruit bom inanniversary Kensington palace, London, on for its fellows than its tention than their service as a food. Not on May 24, 1819, and died at Osback is carried the golden casket until the Nineof the beginning Isle of Wight, January 22, borne, j of the sacred tooth of Buddha. This teenth century did the tomato de1901, at the age of nearly eighty-twsacred tooth is said to have been scend from its ornamental position outliving all previous British taken from the pyre, and is held among the posies to its lowly place rulers. d in reverence by of the in the vegetable garden. worlds total population. The tooth The real history of the tomato as is paraded around the streets and an economic factor starts around Known as Old Parr then taken back to the temple. Sur- - 1847, states a writer in the New was Thomas Parr (1483(?)-1635- ) rounded by tf moat the temple dates York It was then an English centenarian. His birth back to the Thirteenth century. The that the pioneer tomato grower of is unauthenticated, but hd was library contains ancient manu- this country, A. W. Livingston, of date a farmer who married scripts, written with an iron stylus Ohio, started to take the tomato forShropshire the first time at the age of on talipot leaves. seriously. What he found was a pin eighty. In 1635 he was taken to Loncushion shaped fruit, more or less don by the Earl of Arundel to prehollow, tough and full of acid juice. sent to Charles I. He died soon after Black Widow Spider Is The evolution of the tomato forms from what the great physician, WilMore Deadly Than Snaka a fascinating chapter in the history liam Harvey, diagnosed as change of air and diet. He was buried in Old Mother Nature indulges in of American vegetables. Westminster Abbey. In the Ninegrim joke sometimes, and she jamust teenth century many stories were have been in one of her invented about him to advertise a humorous moods when she creatHungarian Village Names ed the Black Widow spider. This remedy, Old Parr's Life quack Women Kata Eva, Men, Pills." : merry widow of the insect world A Hungarian village 'is one of the nastiest of all the whereremarkable every citizen bears a woma murderous and an's name, regardless of whether Tonnage Ship May Carry dangerous fdmale. he wears trousers or skirts, is deThe quantity of tonnage that a Not only does she kill and eat her scribed by Szarka Geza, Hungarian ship may safely carry varies with husband when she has no further in the Globe Magazine. The the writer, seasons, the hemispheres and use for him, but she can kill a man name of the village is Szabadskent-kiralkind of water.- Hence nearly all the sent she to has fact, many which translated literally vessels carry load lines,' or a their graves, asserts a writer in means "Free Saint King." Plimsoll Pearson's London Weekly. painted on the sides Half of the of the town of the bowmark, and stern, that represent The Black Widow is as tough as bear the name people of Kata, the other the a gangster, too, and if you ever half Eva. This dates back to the depth to which the ship may be loaded in FW (Fresh sure safely the of method her, only jmeet time of King Zsigmond, who gave SW (Salt Water), IS (Indian i putting her out of action is to smash the village to two maidens. The king Water), S (Summer), W (Winwith Summer), like a hard, something had been imprisoned by wealthy jher and WNA (Winter North Atswatter or the back of a shovel. ter). subjects whose taxes he had raised. Drop for drop, the Black Widows He managed to escape, but his en- lantic). Colliers Weekly. venom is more deadly than that of emies followed in hot pursuit. They the rattlesnake. were close behind him when he Hornets Owing to its larger size, the rattle-- j reached a river bank by a small Unless the hornets' nest is in a snake injects much more poison hamlet. Here two maidens, doing position where it is a nuisance and than the Black Widow when it their laundry, hid him under a tub strikes, and, therefore, its death until his pursuers gave up the persons passing constantly disturb the insects, hornets are a help and rate is higher it kills about one in chase. three. The Black Widow kills about In gratitude, the king deeded one not a danger. They will never stirg one in twenty, but she is more com-- j half of the village to each of them. unless molested and they eat flics mon, and bites more people, so that, To this day the descendants of these in such quantities that they will keep a barn or houie completely rid of in the course of a year, the Black two women Kill a and Eva always the far more si.ious menace, tho 'Widow causes more human deaths have their foi bear's name included house fly. than does the rattlesnake. in theirs. Tit-Bi- ts First Tit-Bi- ts - pear-shape- full-dre- ss j great-grandchildr- ! ! o, J one-thir- World-Telegra- 1 , j , creepy-crawli- es ; y, in ' i i ! 8, 1987 FRIDAY, JULY - Celestial Phenomena Arouse Interest of Laymen. Washington, D. C. Total eclipses, unusual activity, radio fadeouts, and other celestial phenomena breaking into news columns these days make necessary a yardstick by which the layman can straighten out his conceptions Of heavenly distances, says the National Geographic society. The two factors in important eclipses, the moon and sun, may seem impressively far away when their distances are measured in miles; but they are really very close in terms of the time required for their light to reach the earth. .The moon,- our nearest neighbor in space, is roughly 235,000 miles from the surface of the earth facing it. It is a dead 'world'. and gives out no light of its own. But its reflected light from the sun travels through space at the same speed as 0 direct sunlight : approximately miles a second. Light, therefore, reaches us from the moon in about ltt minutes almost a negligible period of time. . The sun's mean distance from the earth is much more impressive in miles approximately 93,000,000. But light from the sun, piercing space at its tremendous speed, reaches the earth in a mere matter of 8tt minutes. Our temperature and other weather phenomena, and even life itself, are dependent on the continued flow of light from the sun; and since the light stream travels to us so swiftly it results that effects on earth are tied extremely closely to events on the sun. Son Storms Affect Radio. With radio communication as widely developed as it is today, there are striking demonstrations of the effective closeness of the sun. to the earth. Scientists recently photographed the flaring up of a brilliant spot of light on the sun, recorded the time and found that at the same instant radio signals of certain frequencies faded out completely The earth's fellow planets of the solar system are also close by. Venus, which approaches nearer to the earth than any heavenly body except the moon, is only 28,000,000 miles away at the closest, and light then reflected from it reaches the earth in 2Vi minutes. Neptune, farthest of the major planets, is 2 billion miles away at its closest approach, and light then reflected from it reaches the earth in about four hours. These and the other members of our own solar system are the earth's only 'neighbors.' When we consider heavenly bodies outside the suns fixed stars family the we run into stupendous depths of empty space before finding the nearest star. In measuring such distances as this miles become meaningless. Instead, there is brought into use as a measuring unit the vast light year.' This is the distance that light, rushing through space at 186,000 miles a second, travels in one year, or more than Silk million seconds. In miles, a light year is more than 5,865 times one billion a figure far. too cumbersome to use, especially when it is multiplied many times as it must be in measuring the distances to the more remote stars. Astronomers have, therefore, saved both time and mental wear and tear by inventing the light year. Incredible Distances. The nearest star to the earth is Proxima Centauri, visible from the southern hemisphere, which is 4.27 light years away. Numerous stars have been observed which are as much as 500 light years distant. Far beyond these are the great nebulae, vast groups of stars or 'island universes.' The nearest of them are estimated to be 850,000 light years away; and the farthest, faintly visible in the worlds largest telescope, , are estimated to be the almost unthinkable and incredible distance of 500 million light years away from the earth. It is when we deal with distant fixed stars and nebulae, very far outside our solar system, that we run into the fascinating and romantic fact that the star which we see at any moment is star as it now 'exists but. the star as it was five- - hundred, a thousand, or several million years ago! Thus, if we were to look tonight through a telescope at the star Rigel we would see its light which started from the star 500 years ago, some ten years before Christopher Columbus was bom. Even if Rigel had been blotted out of existence 400 years ago, it would continue, to the observer from the earth, to shine in its accustomed place in the heavens for 100 years yet to come. sun-sp- ot - 183,-00- so-call- not-th- West Point was held by Washington m a key position. If it had been captured by the British, New England would have been cut off from the Colonies to the southwest, such as Pennsylvania, New Jersey and part of New York. It served also as a repository of war supplies gunpowder, cannon, ammunition and other stores, according to a writer in the Washington Star.docThe inventories and similar uments taken from Major Andre when he was returning from the Artryst of treason with Benedict nold are revealing along both hr.es. The Point had been fortified from the plans of French engineers and was Polish Thsddaus ICosciuzko.who principally responsible for actual construction of the works. There were groups of batteries and forts bristling . with .artillery. Only the most cunning treacherir would have made it possible to seize the stronghold. Arnold had. arranged for all that, even to the extent of having one of the links cf the great chain removed on the pretext of getting it repaired. The newly formed federal government in 1790 bought 2,100 acres in the neighborhood of the post for a reservation. More has been acquired since. Because of the presence of many foreign military engineers at the Point, a school for young. officers In engineering was .established during the Revolution. Washington had favored such an institution even before the recommendation made by General Documents Saved by Priests Give Valuable Data. . -- . Grand Junction, Colo. Rocky mountain canaries, stubborn beasts of burden in Colorado's early mining days, turned speedsters. While grizzled pioneers stared in amazement, a team of five d burros from Delta, Colo., covcourse in the surered the prising time of 7 hours 50 minutes. Despite a driving rain, ten teams toted riders over five laps of eight miles each. A sack of grain the mounts at each relay post. long-eare- 40-mi- awaited , . 1802. Ordeal Bean Is Used to Prove Guilt, Innocence The Calabar bean is sometimes known as the Ordeal bean, because it is administered to suspected criminals in West Africa in the form of a brew. These large, leathery, chocolate-colored beans are boiled, and accused parties are made to drink the concoction. If the accused is unable to retain the drink he is considered innocent. If the concoction has a deadly effect and he is poisoned, the witch doctor judges him guilty. Scientists have found that there is a reason for both these effects, states a writer in London Magazine. Ordeal beans contain an active substance known as or Escrine," which when used in the eyes contracts the pupils. When taken as a drug it has a strong stimulating effect upon the bladder and intestinal tract. If an accused man has a sensitive digestive tract, marked irritation is produced and he becomes violently ill. If, on the other hand, he is extraordinarily robust and has a digestion like a horse, he retains the drink, is poisoned rapidly, and even in the event of recovery is a doomed man. Tit-Bi- ts Phy-sostigmi- Romans First to Offer Circus Entertainments The name circus was first applied by the Romans to the circular inclosures wherein their games were performed. Later it came also to - designate the performances given within them. The Circus Maximus, as rebuilt by Trajan, was said tn have bean capable of holding an audience of 500,000. Eight large circuses were built by Roman emperors. All are now heaps of ruins, if not wholly obliterated, except that of Caracalla, outside the city near the Appian Way, which is in a fair state of preservation. The Romans .varied the monotonous spectacle of gladiatorial fights d and struggles between wild beasts and men, with mimic sea fights and baiting of crocodiles, in at least two of their circuses, which could be flooded with water. And in milder moods they had chariot races and performing horses, wrestling matches, rope dances and other acrobatic acts. But the circus in something like the form we know seems not to have existed until the Eighteenth century. The popular amusements of medieval times were processions, passion plays and annual fairs, these often being enlivened with side shows of monstrosities or a hand-to-han- Duties of British Ruler The duties of the British ruler are largely ceremonial, the actual ruler being the Prime Minister supported by Parliament. He makes numerous public addresses, presides at receptions, inspects troops, visits various exhibitions, etc. He opens Parliament with a speech prepared for him by his ministers. As Whitakers Almanac says: The King has a right to veto bills passed by both Houses of Parliament, but in practice his veto is almost obsolete. His refusal to sign a bill passed by Parliament would lead to a constitutional crisis. wild animal or two. The first circus established on the modem plan was that of Philip at Lambeth, London, about 1770. An equestrian himself, he had engaged others and given shows. Then he built a rude stadium near Westminster bridge, and so popular did his circus become that he was able a few years later to build a handsome amphitheater which was opened in 1780. The place was burned three times, in 1794, 1803, and 1842, each time being immediately rebuilt. Most of those in America have been traveling circuses, and this type has grown in our country to proportions which far exceed anything in this line in Europe. Ast-le- Ship Medical Officer Busy Aboard ship the medical officer and his corps are a regular board of health, says a writer in Hygeia, the Health Magazine. They inspect fresh food as it comes aboard; assure the sanitary preservation and preparation of food; check the weekly menus of the crew; verify the heating, ventilation and lighting of living compartments; take necessary precautions against parasitic skin disease, and direct the campaign against flies, bedbugs and cockroaches. e Not Stubborn Beaats Now; Colorado Burros Speedy h . Worthington, West Point did not develop until 1817, when it was taken in charge by Col. Sylvanus Thayer, popularly known as The Father of West Point. The formal founding of the academy dates to Albuquerque, N. M. A population study of San Juan parish here is being conducted by Dr. J. H. Watkins, assistant professor cf public health at the Yale university school of medicine. Documents which have been preserved by the priests of the old San Juan church are among the oldest systems of records of any population in America. Baptisms, marriages and deaths of the San Juan Pueblo Indians and Spanish colonists have been recorded In these documents and kept as far back as 1723, according to Dr. Watkins. Although records rivaling those San Juan in age have been discc-ered along the Atlantic coast, in New England and California, nor.e of them furnish the complete picture of a single race that the records' here do of the San Juan Indians. The documents of the San Juan parish have preserved for more than 200 years the population trends and fluctuations of a clearly defined stock, unaffected by the waves of immigration and migration that complicate the records of other North American social groups. Dr. Watkins chief concern in his study is the historical significance nj the San Juan records, which kept In the archives of the CatholiS archdiocese of Santa Fe, N. M. He is endeavoring to find how this population has reacted to climatic conditions and disease, how its growth has compared with that of other races, chiefly Spanish, under similar conditions, and what definite population trends are shown. A secondary part of his study will include the application of his findings in predicting future growth cf the Indians. The primary purpose of the study is to correlate the historical facts of the San Juan parish. Dr. Watkins said, although any trends discovered will be used in an effort to project into the future, and any conclusions found will be used in further studies. The study is financed by a grant from the Carnegie foundation, and the completed survey will be turned over to the government. two-mcr.t- -- . . HISTORY OF PUEBLO INDIANS EXAMINED West Point Key Position When Held by Washington f j COMM BULLETIN, Romans Classed Greatest MEASURE UNIVERSE Ancient Bridge Builders BY SPEED OF LIGIT The Romans writ the greatest ancient timqj. bridge builders-o- THE SUGARIIOUSE BULLETIN A WEEKLY FUBLICATIOH Printed at 2041 South 11th East Sugarhouse, Utah TITE SrOARHOUSE Exploring Tibet The very fact that the Tibetans denied admittance to their country whetted the appetite to explore it. At one time rumor reached the Tibetans that a white.officer and soldiers were approaching' and when a white officer showed up with only ten soldiers his reception was somewhat unpleasant until the white mans guide assured the Tibetans that the rest of the soldiers were hidden away In the baggage. The result was a more respectful attitude towards the exploring 50,-0- 00 party y, of British Empire Found in India India accounts for more than of the population of the British Empire. It has nearly three times as many people as the United States, although its area is only a little more than half as large. But the more than 351,399,800 Indians crowded into the triangular Two-Thir- ds two-third- s - peninsula that juts out freftn the bottom of Asia are far from unified, culturally, religiously, or politically. India is a crazy-quiof presidencies, native states,' provinces, protectorates, tribal areas and even a few foreign-owne- d patches. Some parts have been governed by modern princes ruling with Arabian Nights splendor, holding power of life and death over their minions, maintaining their own armies, and subject indirectly to the British lt The words, recipe and rec are derived from a Latin meaning to take or receive." ceipt is almost always used ir sense of an acknowledgment goods or money; recipe as a foi la for the preparation of a dis compound. Receipt: received sum of, etc. Recipe: take yolks of three eggs, etc. Th with a stroke through it used a! head of doctors prescriptions short for Recipe, Deo vol Take, God willing." king-empero- r. India is usually thought of as entirely British, but France and Poron the tugal keep tiny edges of the huge British domain. toe-hol- ds i |