Show 1 ca IR aa a I 1 11 1 1 L LABOR IN HOPE BY DELTA labor in hope nope with brave heart beatt arid arld strong arm fr free pree ee froh from misgiving misgivings from doubt and desp despai despal airl rl there Is tor for each chilly day a cheerful ui and warm after night comes the morny morn atter alter foul we weather athert fair hopefully toll neath the sultry ngon noon heat rest real time will come and embowered empowered ered in to dreams each limb will find rest and each loving heart beaty beat belt forgetful forgetful of labor and afis sol scorching beams t labor in llope when thou than lowest thy field dream not of famine from fion drought or from blight I 1 I 1 good cheer and arid good season rich harvests will yield 0 ta plenty eit tit contentment sweets sweet leep and delight be cheer fuli have faith at the plane and the plow let no oad sad forebodings s embitter thy peace tb the tse tuti tuoi luave rh perchance ce will be brighter than ar mid aid malby thy from dungeons dnn geons of darkness niease in labor gher in felepe nope in the pulpit be wise mourn not the follies tollies and weakness ot of man ran man lead leid Ms h ls thoughts upwards from earth to the skies alawin att hlll have faith and be blessed when they can go soothe the teach the ignorant and lowly pour baim balm into bleeding bleed moe toe hearts mangled and torn 1 reach rech penitence meekness 3 like him ako was holy ald bid them be hopeful who labor and mourn 3 lv labor in nipe Te teacher acherl molder of mind Pati patiently endy tenderly lovin Jovin lovingly gly guide the hopes bopes of the nati nation oril till truth troth they shall and find go thou in cabe the way while they walk wall by thilde lead them through pleasant fields sunny and bright paths which the good of earth ever have trad and teach tenh them to look while seeking for light through natures great volume to see nature natures god v labor lador in hope ilone student over thy book books el vl for toe golden thoughts now in thy youth Le learn arnAs wisdom dom from rocks and plants hills vales and lt brook no metal so rare and so pr arclous clous as truth study those things which will wili do the most good fathom the depths of tle tie ocean of thought thenilda Th emild enild like the body should have wholesome holesome food then learn what the wi wise seand and virtuous have taught VI labaj label labor s i taupe in nope parent gentle and mild precept example examples consistency here will wili B ili give thee a treasure of worth in thy child unknown where the treatment ti Is haish and severe Cou ragel look loob up child of forrow sorrow and carey hepe hope will ani the thie and make thy tasks light the morrow inay dawn on thy pathway more fair and new ew tokens tarns of comise burat forth on thy sight eight vit larig laor il inhofe In hope all ye loving and true trueh bikit the bumble humble afflicted and poor your distill di stil as did hermon its dew te open of mercy and heaven I 1 the he door koor door go smooth down the pillow of sickness and pain speak comforting words nords to the wretched distressed cool coot the parched brow and the feverish brkin brain and pour healing balms into each roundel breast VIII labor in hope nope all who burdens do bearl heart sorrowful sorrow tui friend frien ItEs dIcES forsaken noi not vile hopefully faithfully meekly with prayer look t to 0 the future the morrow marrow will smile emile lighter nighter each burden toyoto will win be divent given brighter ili til the moi mom not ot each day will arise arige suren barer your pass port from rom Ear earths thlu thiu thin in to heaven if buoyed up by hope and by faith to the skies OH ON CROSS BREEDING the he merican american Jl has compiled from a len ien lengthy 1 thy prize article in the last semiannual ann a 1 l vo volume 1 ume of the ohp journal of the royal agri agricultural c society y of england the following being a synopsis containing the pith of an extended essay written by VV IV C spooner lilt 1111 which we are confident will be perused with interest by our agricultural readers and more especially by those who are interested inde interested rested in the improvement of our stock the 4 subject is here pres pe presented seAted anted in 14 a philosophy cal and ald truthful man manner nert it ciu clu can not be denied that the natural laws 0 by which the preservation of animal species is effected ire are involved in considerable mystery and 9 the subject is well worthy the attest on and ail study of the practical man ast asi as well as of th the physiologist experience is yet frau fraught ht with amu so much ch contrariety that attempts to jadown any certain guide on it have for the most part been received with considerable dis distrust no sooner does the he inquirer imagine that he has discovered some particular principle cl p le which obtains universally than he is met by circumstances which apparently upset his previous conclusions lle ile the lie maxim like begets like ilke wv 21 for example is a rule leavin having very extensive sway yet as propagation is the work of two parents the respective influence of the one or the other Is a matter involving considerable diversity ot of opinion and prevents anything like a certain conclusion being arrived at we can not do better batter than consider on the very thresh hold of our subject the respective either par parent erit elit for on this the tho th merits its of p pure re or cross breeding 0 must principally dp depend d the most probable supposition is that propagation pa gation is done by halves each parent giving to the offspring the shape of one half of the body thus the bace back loins hind quarters general shape skin and size follow one parent and the fore quarters head vital and nervous system the other and we may go so far as to add that the former in the great majority orl ori ty of cases go with the male parent and the latter iatter with the female A corroboration of this fact is found in the common system of putting an ordinary mare to a thoroughbred thorough bred horse not only does the bead of the offspring resemble the dam but the fore legs likewise andtius and thus it is i fortunately 1 y the case that the too frequently faulty and tottering legs of the sire are not reproduced in the foal whilst the full thighs and hind bind quarters which belong to the blood horse are generally given to i the he offspring there is however a minority of cases in which the opposite result obtains that size ia is governed more by the male parent there is no great difficulty in showing familiar examples may be found in the 0 of the pony mare and the full sized horse which considerably exceed the dam in size again in the first cross between the small indigenous ewe and the large ram of another improved breed the offspring W is found to approach in size and shape very much to the ram the mule offspring of the mare also very much resembles both in size and appearance its donkey sire these are familiar examples of the preponderating de rating influence of the male parent so far as the external form if considered to show however llo tio wever that size and bight hight do not invariably follow the male mal e we need go no further for illustration than the human subject how often do we find that in the by no means infrequent case of the union of a tall all ail ali man mail with a short snort woman the result in some instances is that all the children are tall and in others all short or sometimes that some of the family are short and others tall within our own knowledge in in one case where the father was tall and the mother short the children seven in number are all of lofty stature in a third instance the mother being tall and the father short the greater portion of the family are short Such Sueh facts as these are sufficient to prove that hight bight or growth does not exclusive exclusively I 1 f follow 0 I 1 beitter either elther the one or the other althof although eli I 1 thi this is the case it is also a striking fact that the union of tall and short parents rarely if ever produces offspring tpring of a medium size midway as it were between the two parents thus in the breeding of animals if the object be to modify certain defects by using Z a male or f te e male in which such defects may not exist we can not produce this desired alteration or rather it can not be equally produced in all the offspring but can only be attained by weeding out those in whom the objectionable points are repeated we are however of 0 opinion that in the majority of instances the hight in the human subject and the size and contour in animals is influenced much more by the male than the female parent and oil on the oth erhand that the constitution the chest and vital organs and the forehead generally more frequently follow the female we have dwelt on this point the more because on it hinges the difficulty of effect effecting in certain improvements in breeding by means of crossing and the still greater reater difficulty of establishing anew a new breed ty by such means so great is this difficulty that many breeders bleeders bre eders finding their attempts at such improvements improvement 8 so frequently baffled or observing this to be the case in the practice of others cling with superstitious tenacity to the doctrine of purity of blood believing it to be the ark in which alone true safety is to be found now pure breeding which when carried to an excess is called in and in breeding has its advantages es as well as its disadvantages a aes fes its friends oserve observe with great force that when nen hen we have in breeding reached great excellence it is folly tolly to risk the loss of such excellence sects b by means of crossing and the more the defects of a parent may disappear in a first or second and reappear in the third on or fourth ge generation ne ration breeding e ding back as it is commonly termed A friend of the writers mr john clark of lockerty Loc kerly a strenuous advocate of pure breeding observes that a correspondent in suffolk informs him that he had seen the cross tried between the old norfolk and down sheep and the first cross was admirable but they soon became dis proportioned and unsightly also the down and lecester leicester in some midland midian counties figured a for a time and then for the same reason reasons s were given up and such he thinks will be the fate of the new oxfords oxford Ox fords 18 or the tha mixture of the cotswold Cots wold and the down he adds that for the last four years be he has used rams from the cross with down ewes and tho the offspring have answered his purpose for fatting batting lambs but one lamb in ten presents unmistakable evidence of its mongrel origin again it is urged that great excellencies can only he perpetuated by union with similar excellencies and beyond all this that there is a certain amount of advantage from an unstained lineage from froin the very possession of breed as it is designated the objectors to in and in breeding breedi breedl ag urge that by so doing we engender weakness of constitution diminution of size hereditary diseases and also a tendency to barrenness but it is argued t in reply t to 0 such objections that they occur from want of sufficient care in weeding out defective animals whether as respects constitution or size it is a well weli established fact that in the buman human 1 subject too close affinity such as the intermarriage of cousins tends to mental diseases and consumption and we can readily imagine that when there is a tendency to such diseases in a family this tendency must ie be greatly increased by intermarrying inter marrying with a member of the same family animals not being subject to tb mental diseases the observation does not apply to them with the same force but it is true in a lesser degree atthe at the same time unless the choice is extremely confined most of the evils of pure breeding can be avoided by careful selection tio n and ri rigorous 0 orous weeding examples of pure breeding are familiar to us in the celebrated racehorse race horse the first class shorthorn short horn arid and the southdown sheep but so far as purity of blood alone is considered the mountain sheep of Wal esthe highland scotch cattle and the shetland or welch are equally pure but whilst the tife alter latter have been propagated without care or attention the former have by careful selection and rigorous weeding D been considerably enhanced in value A striking killo example of long continued pure breeding in is afforded by the leicester flock of mr va valentine glentine barford of foscone Po Fo near tow cester who has the pedigree of his sheep from the day of bakewell in 1783 to the present time and since 1810 he has bred entirely from his own flock sire and dam without an interchange of male or female from any other flock he observes that his bis flock being bred from the nearest affinities commonly called inand in and in breeding has not experienced any of the I 1 ill III effects ascribed to the practice his flock is remarkably healthy and his bis rams successful but his sheep are small let ug us pause for a few minutes to consider what constitutes breed or rather what is meant ty high breeding we shall find that it refers to very diffie different rent desiderata in indifferent dif dlf breeds ini iri the thoroughbred thorough bred horse it sign signi ciesa very high development of the muscular and nervous systems accompanied by such mechanical structure as when united with it constitutes the highest manifestation of speed j and endurance in the ox however it implies very different diffie rent qualities viz early and rapid growth the development of flesh or muscle on the parts most prized for food a disposition to lay on fat these with the possession of smallest amount of bone consistent with strength and health are the principal characteristics of a well bred animal animae instead af the highly nervous temperament I 1 of the race racehorse horse we have here a quiet lazy disposition in fact a lymphatic temperament by the influence of which the digestive organs rei rel reign oil 8 supreme e and convert for the public benefit be befit a given quantity of food into the ut most amount of flesh and fat the same observations apply with equal force to the sheep and in a still stronger degree to the pig A well bred pig is the incarnation of everything r indolent and lethargic 1 ic P and the very antipodes antipode oe that high organization and nervous development which be belon longo to a highbred high bred hohe horae examples of pure breeding are probably to be found in greater perfection in cattle than 1 in sheep the devon and hereford cattle I 1 hav have descended through many gene generations generazio ratio ris in in I 1 unbroken lines and owe the perfection which they have attained to careful selection the short horns although considerably more modern in their origin arid and into their present form b by y a series of successful crosses have yet been preserved pure with even more I 1 rigorous care than the other breeds which we have mentioned the solid frame and great feeding properties of the herefords Here fords the quality of beef and richness of cream as well as the wor working kirn kiin properties of the devons deaonsy are well known and an a generally appreciated and yet these qualities are insufficient to resist successfully the en croach ments of the short horns hiorns whose ed early r maturity and disposition to lay on both flesh fles K and fat joined joine d with fair milking g properties are such that they outnumber both bo th the other breeds combined As however the leading purpose for whick which which a breed of cattle is kept is generally well defined whether for the purpose of the th e dairy or for that and early fattic fatting batting fat ting or simply for beef beet or for working as well an and d as each of these purposes can be well attained by |