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Show THE BULLETIN striking It at different A near the side gives stroke places. the sharpest and brightest tone, while the one in the middle Is duller. The the tympani BOY SCOUT ANNIVERSARY usual spot Is about halfway between By LEONARD A. BARRETT f The twenty-fift- h anniversary of the Boy Scout movement In America was recently celebrated In every city of our country. It was a notable event when on the evening of February Sth, the President of our country, flanked by a guard of honor composed . of boys from the Scout movement, d e a brief address to the Scouts of America. ITomlnent among 1 1 the traits of char arter which the Boy Scout movement tries to Inculcate Into the developing life of the boys of our country U persistence to overcome obstacles, which again Is reflected In the oath whlcn every boy takes when he Joins theor-gnnlzatlo- n: "To keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morWe can well Imagine ally straight. that Lincoln was In spirit at least a real Scout The principles of the Scout 'oath dominated hli life. By obedience to them he' rose from the ranks of poverty to the highest position in our coflhfry. Since Lincoln's day. other men of our age have followed the same Scout principle. Woodrow Wilson rose from the humble home of a country parson to become President of a grgut university, governor of the state of New Jersey, and then President of the United States. Charles Augustus Lindbergh, whose mother taught In the public schools of Detroit, overcame by the Scout spirit the limitations of financial Income, and made for himself an heroic place In the history of our country. Obstacles created by hardships such as limited Incomes, physical handicaps, can be overcome. Instead of being a curse, they may become a Messing. We appreciate something when we have to sacrifice for it much more than when It la handed to us on a silver platter. Long live the Scout movement! Its irugged life and high Ideals have in (them the making of true Americans. ,It Is n magnificent sight to visualise ja million boys dally doing a good turn, land being trained under expert leader ship for the future citizenship of our jeountry. ; Tympani Have Pitch; Not Like the Ordinary Drums The tympani, or kettledrums, belong to that group of percussion instruments which possess definite musical pitch. They resemble huge copper kettles, observes a writer in the Washington Tost. Over the top of each Is stretched a lay-e- r of sheepskin called "the head. Around the rim are six set screws which are turned to tighten nr loosen the head, so that It can be kept In tune. Two tympani nre usually used, although four and sometimes six are employed in certain orchestral compositions. Tympani, In Italian, means "drums. Other drums only make noise and do not have s definite musical bitch. In order to show the difference tu musical quality, they are called tympani. Not only do the tympani have pitch, but a skillful player can make their tone vary ip quality also. Several pairs of sticks are employed to play the tympani. The sticks are topped at one end with felt of varying degree of thickness and weight, enabling the player to produce loud or soft tonps. The performer can vary the tone of . by these twoi The tympanist has few notes and long rests In orchestral music. He must count these, but in practice he either knows the music, or has a bit of it written out to give him the cue, or gets the signal from the conductor. Island of Rhodes Still Point of Great Interest In the beginning of the Fourteenth century the Crusaders and the Knlglna of St John occupied the Island of Uhodes, crossroads of the Occident and the orient and once the great Intellectual center of the ancient world, and made it one of the strongest fortresses of the Middle Ages. About ihKI years d later the knights were iverwli Then for centurlfes the Island wns forgotten, until In 1012 the itnllnns defeated the Turks and occupied the la land and kept It by the treaty of Trianon after the .World war. With such a colorful background, the plate retains many Influences of Its early Wandering around the mighty walls vlidtors have" to look out not to stumble against one tif the stone ran non balls which' are lying In the grass, half or all covered by the earth of 300 years. Nearly ever peasant has his own windmill, and on Sunday evenings the whole population gathers on the terrace In front of the old orthodox church. In their colorful, costumes. They are a simple people, satisfied with the pleasant mu tine of life on an Island in the Mediterranean, and oblivious to the fact that their home. Is a half western, half eastern city with fnscinating medieval fortifications and walls. bls-,tor-y ed Curacao 40 miles long and three Curacao is to seven miles wide. It lies 41 miles north of the coast of Venezuela. The Island Is very dry and produces little vegetation. Sometimes there Is no rain for several months. Nearly nil food has to be Imported, even drinking water being brought from the mnin land for those who can afford It Others, as In the case of Bermuda, drink rain water caught from the roofs of houses and stored In Immnculntely clean cisterns. The most conspicuous tree In Curacao Is the saiNHlIUa. the fruit of which Is delirious. hut iteculiar In flavor. Here also grows the hitter orange, the peel of which is shipped to Amsterdam or Hamburg for the manufacture of Curacao liqueur, popular throughout the world, but not made In Curacao. "Little Hours of Divine Providence" The "Little House of Divine Providence. a home for the sick and destitute In 'Turin, Italy. Is a monument to faith In humanity. It wns started more than 100 years ago with four beds. It takes care of 10.000 Inmates nt a cost of more than $15,000 a week. Yet every rent that It has received In Its history has been voluntarily deposited by benevolent souls In a money lrfix stuck In the wall near Its front door. Freling Foster In Collier's Weekly. Old Prison, Family Homo In Mudrid the small building used as the prison for Its Inquisition still stands on the narrow street named for Queen Isabella. Tills building, dose by the university (which Itself occupies the confiscated buildings of a Jesuit monastery), was stormed by the revolutionists of 1S20; It was later used as a soldiers barracks and Is now owned by a private family. It has about it still the Mr of a prison. Nitroglyceriu Nitroglycerin Is a highly powerful explosive. It probably would shatter the breech of the gun before the bullet could move out of the barrel. In addition, nitroglycerin la too sensitive to stand ordinary handling, as It is detonated by very slight shocks Instruments in Symphony Orchestra A symphony orchestra, on the aver age, is made up of the following Instruments: Violins. 35; cellos, 10; violas, 12; double basses, 8; flutes, 2; oboes, 2; clarinets, 2; bassoons, 2; horns, 4; tninets 4; trombones, 8; tabs, 1; timiutno. 1. And Here Wo Are A Russian fanatic predicted tbe end r I he world In trg't hikI one of lie L're;est muss suicides In history. Wltl.ln a few days says J. W Frost. os An'.r 'les. t'nrf 'o rniUerV Week ly. s wave of paralyzing fear swept over all northern Russia and the Inhabitant of many whole villages killed themselves at once. In some towns large arena were soaked In pitch and bitumen, set afire and hundreds of persons at a time, holding hands, ran into them and were burned alive,. Odd, If True The quantity of current consumed by the average electric dork Is so small that It does not register on the meter when all other electrical devices and lights are turned off. Thus about of these docks In homes, stores and offices- - oiierate during part of the night at the expense of the central electric stations. J. K. Thomas, Ithaca, N. Y In Collier's Weekly. Saa Salvador San Salvador, where Columbus first set foot on American soil. Is an Island of the Rnhanms group and Is about the size of Staten Island, the gem of New York bay. It Is 12 miles loug and from 5 to 7 miles wide. three-quarte- rs Art of Suggtitlou Effective The marvelous rapidity of communication of Mens between savages has been remarked upon as showing the force with which the art of suggestion works among the members of primitive community. Changing Civilizations Jerusalem and the Holy Land have been violent enough, from the days of Isaiah and Sennacherib to the present but the marks of violence are over shadowed by the peaceful reverence that lies over the land. A crusader's tower reminds one of the Saracens and Richard the IJnn-- l leaned. The British cemetery recalls the World war. Jaffa was besieged hy Najoleon. But the most important memories are those surrounding the many Christ Ian. Jewish and Mohammedan shrines. Bethlehem. the Mount of Olives, the Harden of Gethscmnnc. the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Mosque of Omar, the Walling Wall, Rachels tomb, Bethany, the Sea of Galilee, round out a picture of changing civilizations. Chicago Daily News. Crackiag of Oil The cracking of oil is said to have been discovered by a refinery workon the Job and man who let the still get too hot and build up too much pressure. Dow this careless person escaped being blasted Into the next world Is not told by the legend. As a matter of fact, the first successful cracking process was patented by Doctor Burton of Standard Oil about 1012. Cracking consists of heating the lieavler fraction! of oil under high pressure. day-dream- t Trumpet Was Important Even in the Trojan War j The truniet was widely known Inf indent times, playing Its part In tho fgll of Jericho, and even In the TroJan war. Trumpets were martial aad royal; Instruments through the Middle ages;; and the trumpeters' guild became Important and Influential. The trumpet Is a cylindrical tube about 8 feet long doubled back on lf for ease in handling. Tlie tnuniiefr has three valves nr pistons, the nse of which enables the player to produce all the tonea In the chromatic scale within the com pa ps of the Instrument. The trumpet, like the horn. Is proafd vided with a mnte, a In hell In held the fair that can he the plare of the performer's fist. The cornet, anmetlmes mistaken for the trumjiet. notes a writer In the Washington Poet. Is s ta fieri ng brass tube a little over 4 feet In length. Its natural key Is though crooks nr (L may be used to set It In A. The cornetlst can give rapid passages, trills, and other embellishments with of the great esse, hut the cornet is below that of the trumpet; which has a bold, martial tone that can be., heard through the entire orchestra. In the classical period of Haydn; Mnsart and Beethoven, the trumpet was not very prominent Wagner employed It extensively In some of hts. operas, and he used muted trumpets to Imitate the tiny trumpets of the' toymnkers' guild In "The lb-e- pear-shnpp- R-fl- A-fl- at tone-col- i Irritation of Mantle Is Cause of Pearls Growth A pearl Is s growth In a pearl ter or other shellfish caused by s oys- -' per- sistent Irritation of its mantle. The; persistent Irritation which causes pearl formation Is usually due to the presence of some foreign mutter which has entered the shell sometimes n grain of sand or a fragment of broken shelL Probably In most ruses It Is the larvae of a parasite worm or a minute crustacean. Whatever the nature of the cause, the niollusk endeavors to reduce the Irritation hy Inclosing It In a lager of the same kind of metre of pearl, nacre of which the Inside of Its shell Is made. Once started, the covering of nacre continues to grow by the addl- -' tlon of layer over layer until after a lapse of years the minute seed pearl formed may have grown into s pearl of large size. As n natural pearl Is a consequence of the accidental Introduction of an Irritant. It would seem that pearls could he cultivated hy merely Intro--' during the Irritant by artificial means.' But the successful cultivation of pearls has proved to he a complicated process accomplished hy the Jsmnese only after years or study and experl-- .' ment. Tlie nucleus of the culture' pearl Is a small seed pearl or it may be n minute hall of mother of pearl nr other substance. This Is first Inclosed In a sack made from the mantle of a pearl oyster. ; Early Political Corruption Back In Eighteenth century England, political corruption was carried on In an open manner. Gentlemen wishing to buy government positions and officeholders having them for sale advertised In the newspapers. Often, too, prices were mentioned, some running as high as $15.000. Freling Foster in Collier's Weekly. Mink Likes the Water mink spends must of Its time In' the water. Indeed, he Is really more at home In It than on land, and It Is along the wooded banks of streams and swamps that Le is most likely to be found. A |