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Show THE PAGE TWO lhV',.; '''.i..ji-ar,i- ' . r-- I WY, f sTi . Loltrtasy jajt AniOJTio CJiam&er ,'t4fV ' r vtfr.J,. ml TIMES-NEW- ff.M wfkTVj r- r L - of Commerce - m ii, jrir"iri-rnf- Friday, September 24, 1926 NEPHI, UTAH S. i . 1 V ft Group of Kafir Mothers. r I ----- A i 4 By ELMO SCOTT WATSON Whoopee-tl-tl-ygit along little dogrles. It's your misfortune, and none of my owl. Whoopee-tl-tl-yffit along little dogles. For you know Wyomlne'lJ be your new home! Old cowboy Song. AN ANTONIO, where stands the Alamo, the sacred shrine of liberty In the Lone Star state, is to have another memorial before which Texuns will bow In homage to the historic past. It la to be a monument to the trail drivers upon whose nighty labors the prosperity of the state is based and whose deeds form one of the most romantic incidents in American pioneer hisn tory. The memorial Is to cost $100,000 and Borglum of Stone mountain fan Is now at o, o. - JUS ' Gut-Eo- work on it. Citizens of San Antonio have raised $50,000 of that amount and the other $50,000 is to be raised by contributions from all parts ot the state. When it is completed and dedicated the dream of the Old Trail Drivers' association, that rapidly dwindling band of men who rode the ranges of the Southwest more than half a century ago, to commemorate the service of their comrades who in the sixties and seventies drove nearly 10,000,000 head of beef cattle out of Texas to the railroad towns of Kansas and brought back with them approximately $100,000,000 to save Texas and the cattle Industry will be realized. Last year the annual reunion of the Old Trail Drivers' association was a three-daaffair with the selection of the site for the Borglum monument as one of the main features. The sculptor himself was there, put on a cowboy costume and rode in the parade which was the clirrax of the reunion. Other interesting figures in the 'parade were "Uncle Charley" Goodnight, former owner of the famous Goodnight ranch, whose experiments In crossing buffalo and Galloway cattle to produce the "catalo" gave him the nickname of "Catalo" Goodnight ; "Uncle George" Glenn, negro and one of the members of the association, who led "riderless horse," In memory of his "boss" who had perished on the trail, and Mrs. Amanda Burks, the only woman alive known to have made the trip over the old Chlshoim trail to Abilene, Kan., who Is said to be the original of Talsle Lockhart, the heroine in Emerson Hough's "North of 88." The president of the association la George W. Saunders of San Antonio and he has been the irlnspring of the organization and the force behind the movement to erect the memorial in Ran Antonio. The association is an offshoot from the Texas Cattle Raisers' association, which meets every yoar to discuss ways and means for the Improvement of the cattle business. At one of these meetings (In 1H15) Mr. Saunders prosed e an auxiliary organization of trail drivers to be composed of men who "went up the trail" In the early days. The organization was formed that year and In 1910 the first annual convention was held In Houston. Mr. Saunders became president In 101 7. and has been the head of the association since that time. At the 1917 reunion Mr. Saunders reported that the association had a membership of oOO. Since then sons of the old trnl! drivers have been made eligible fT membership. It also has a ladles' auxiliary, of which Mrs. It. II. Itussell Is chairman, and this auxiliary has had a large share in the work of raising money for the Snn Antonio memorial. But the monument and the annual reunion are Bnt the only memorials which the surviving trail drivers have erected to the comrades of their youth. There Is one which Is more durable than bronze or stone and which, even more strikingly than the sculptor's art. Is an accurate picture of the lives and times of the men who engaged In the epic cattle trade. That Is the book called "The Trail Drivers of Texas." compiled and edited by J. Marvin Hunter and published under the direction of President Saunders. The book was originally Issued in two volumes, the first appearing In 10'JO and the second In 1023. This year the two volumes have been Issued as one by the Cokesbtiry Tress of Nashville. Tenn. When the second volume appeared three years ago, J. Frank Doble. a Texan, wrote of It: "The Trail Drivers of Texas' Is not literature. Neither Is Ilakluyt's 'Voyages' literature. Yet I have long thought the latter faf superior In reality. In dramatic Interest, In the reflection of o great body of tren of a great age the English seamen of the 'spacious tlrres of Queen Kllzabeth to Klngsley's "Westward Ho I which Is literature. The Trail Drivers' is the very stuff from which literature Is y - seventy-flve-year-ol- d old-tim- "TM CUT 172$ -- FftAlC. ofAmerica", Pap errant Tals e cowmen. Is proof again that "truth Is stronger than Action." Do you remenMer when Emerson Hough's "North of SO" appeared some three years ago and an Eastern critic took him to task for "historical Inaccuracy" and kindred sins? Perhaps yoo remember, too, the furore that was raised by this critic's words. A great chorus of protest against the critic's aspersions went up. Such noted writers as Andy Adams, Charles Slrtngo, Eugene Manlove Rhodes, William McLeoJ Ralne, J. Frank Davis, E. E. Harrlman and Hugh I'endex-ter- , Charles M. Russell, the noted cowboy painter, President Saunders of the Old Trail Drivers' association and other members of that association, as well as dozens of in every part of the country who had ridden the cattle trails, rallied to nough's defense and had a hand In "taking several yards of skin" off of that particular critic before they were through with hlra. The fact was that Hough had obtained ranch of his data for his novel from The Trail Drivers" book. Some of his "fiction" which seemed Improbable or untrue was based on solid fact as told by the whose narratives appear in this book, and In some cases he actually toned down fact becaoave It would have seemed too Improbable! In fact "The Trail Drivers of Texas" Is full of material which a writer of fiction might hesitate to nae lest his tale be considered Improbable. In It are hundreds of stories of human endurance tested to the limit, of countless perils along the trail, from stampedes, from thirst, from hunger, from hostile Indians and even more desperate white men, of heroic deeds by men of whom President Saunders has well said, "I fear there will never be another set of men with such traits of character." Andy Adams' "Log of a Cowboy" has well been called the "epic of the cattle trade." In thisi compilation of the experiences of hundreds there Is material for a dozen of other epics of the cattle trade, even though to Andy Adams must go the credit fur having written the first one. , The conditions which produced these men now seem very remote and It Is difficult to realize that It all hegnn only sixty years ago, well within memory of many men now living. Consider first Uie cause arid then the result will be rrore easily understood. At the clo of the Civil war Texan who had served In the Confederate armies came home to f nd their state in a deplorable condition. It was4 trtiihlly bankrupt. Texas possessed (Teat wealth, but It was wealth which could Dot be s s old-tim- , &innfjty&ss made, as Emerson Hough acknowledged and demonstrated In his 'North of 86.' Yet these volumes are more than mere source books. They are a remarkable social document. A hundred years hence people will read them for a picture of the men and times they record as we now read the diary of Samuel Pepys for Its reflection not only of I'epys, but of the age of the Restoration. "This Is high praise ; it Is meant for such. Take these sketches from The Trail Drivers of Texas,' take Andy Adams' The Outlet,' take 'North of 80,' and if nothing else had been written on the subject. If nothing else were ever written, yet we should have a full and Just picture of the most picturesque and probably the irost epic movement of men in the Western hemisphere the movement of 9,800,000 cattle and 1,000,000 horses by 85,000 men in 28 years' time (estimate given by Saunders) over a weedless and bee less and an uncharted land, stretching from the Golf of Mexico nay, In some Instances from far Into Mexico clear to the Doirlnlon of Canada." This book, a collection of true stories of the actual experiences of these anoofswe-eJUy- J874) 2 tJ JJifZZ3lK. yie realized upon. Here's why: During the war the care waa overstocked and there was no market for It. The western railroads had just begun to push west into Kansas and many hundred miles separated the Texas herds from the railroad towns old men, small boys and negroes had taken of the stock on the range, but the range Kansas from which the cattle could be shipped east to the markets which wanted the cattle. In 186a one or two small herds had ventured north over a trail which later became famous as the Chlsholm trail (It was named for Jesse Chls-hola Cherokee cattle trader who had supplied the frontier posts before and during the war), and despite many hardships had proved that sue a linking of demand and supply were possible. But the real Impetus to the trade came about as the result of a conference In Junction City," Kan., In 1807 between Col. J. J. Meyers, a former member of the Fremont expedition and a Texas cattle hunter, and Joseph II. McCoy, a business man of Illinois. The arrangement was for Meyers to gather cattle In Texas, drive them overland to Abilene, Kan., where McCoy was to take charge and arrange for the shipment east. The news of the success of these two men spread like wl'.d-flr- e among the Texas cattlemen and each successive year saw the mighty army of cattle men and horses marching north. And this continued for more than a quarter of a century I One of the points In Emerson Hough's "North of 80" to which the critic took exception waa Hough's having a herd of 4,500 go over the trail. Yet the fact remains that herds of that size or even larger (5,000 and 6.000 In later years) did go north over the Old Chlsholm trail. For they dealt In big numbers In those days. In this book Is the description of a trail herd strung out for 20 irJlea from "point" (the leaders) to "drag" (the rear). r tells of the Joining of three herds One thus: "When the two other herds came up with us we threw all three together and had about 0,000 In the bunch. Four thousand head of picked cattle were to be selected from this main herd and we started cutting early In the afternoon. By quitting time we had 500 head cut and the boss and his men took this bunch to hold for the night. "At sundown, when we bedded down the cattle, there were eleven trail herds In sight Along In the night a terrible storm carre up. It was the worst for wind, rain and lightning I ever experienced. The cattle la all the herds broke and the next morning they were scattered over the plains as far as the eye could see In every direction. All the eleven trail herds were mixed up together. There were about 120 cowboys In the combined outfits and when we had made the general roundup we had about 83.000 head In one bunch. We worked for ten days before we could get the cattle separated and In shape to get under way." tells of swimming herds across One the Red river when it was half a mile wide and doing It 13 times in one day! Another tells of riding three days and nights on one horse without sleep and with very little to eat. There Is the story, too, of one outfit which arrived In Kansas with its cowboys actually on foot they lost their horses but they brought the herd through! No wonder Texas Is proud of these men of and, that first trail driver who set forth In 1S0T Columbus like, dared the unknown to drive nH csttle over the trackless waste to the north and of the hundreds who followed In his footsteps and endured at! manner of hardship snd todanger them and wishes to pay her meed of honor while some of them still live. In old-time- old-tim- society. wa.hm,ton. r. c. COUNTRY as big as the At- wing. The membrane Itself Is protected by an artificial rim of wax, and this membrane continues to vibrate for several seconds after all sound from the key and resonator has disappeared. All the notes from whatever style of marimba are in the minor scale. Dancers Feign Death. The warriors In the dance, who number 300 or more, constantly drop In their tracks and pretend, to be smitten with death. The witch doctor then passes around, sprinkling them wtlh medicine, whereupon all gradually resume their places and the dance continues. This dance is said to be as old as the tribe, which Is probably the oldest Kafir tribe in East Africa. Their language Is quite distinguished from that of any neighboring Kafir tribe, and many of their customs are also peculiar. About 0 individuals are now In existence. They have the best "shambas" and take the most Interest In agriculture of any known native tribe in East Africa. The young girls' dance of the M'chopl tribe requires several years' practice before the difficult poses and contortions can be successfully performed. Ankle rattles are worn by the girls. These hollow spheres are or grass, if not made of palm-lea- f young gourd fruits, and are partially filled with large seeds, pebbles, etc. The noise of these ankle rattles Is supposed to assist In keeping time In the dance.. This Is probably a Zulu custom. Mozambique still has big game. On the Zambesi and many other streams the traveler encounters herds of hippos. Since the natives are not supposed to have guns of any sort, and since relatively few devastating tourists hunt them, these uncouth monsters may endure a few years longer. There are usually to be seen one or two pairs In the Inkomatl river, some three hours from Lourenco Marques, the capital. Feet a foot across and a body as wide as a wagon no wonder the poor native sits up nights beside his cornfield when he hears the ominous "woo-off- " of an old tramp bull In the neighborhood. Lions still take their toll of human life in some sections, even attacking native kraals and carrying off children and adults. It Is quite Imposs on acsible to hunt these count of the talL rank grass (four to six feet high), and, since they soon learn that two or three cuffs will make a big hole In the side of an ordinary hut, the poor native must roost high or, die. Rich Farming Land. In the Zambezla district there has been spent a large amount of money In agricultural and, experiments, though the results are not encouraging thus far. It Is no fault of the land. It would be hard to find soils quite so rich, apparently, In either temperate or tropical America as are to be found In the Zambesi, Limpopo, and Inkomatl alluvial plains. The colonization laws are pronounced excellent, even by English colonials. They are automatic Just to the government, to the colonist, and to the natives. And It seems to be agreed by men who know, that In few other places in Africa Is the native question so well managed as in Mozambique. But It Is a very big and deep and difficult question. There has been a marked economic change In Mosamblque during the past generation. Instead of paying for a wife with cattle, as formerly, before the terrible ravages of rinderpest and "East Coast" fever, sterling gold, 10 to 25, must now be cashed down to the father before the union Is legal or the bride enters the new hut. Many of the young men from Gazaland and Inhambane have, therefore, gone on contract for a year or more to British South Africa In order to obtain ready money to pay their hut taxes and to Invest In one or perhaps two wives. The gold and diamond mines of the Rand attract most of those laborers. Unfortunately they return from their brief contacts with civilization bringing disease, discontent, and bad morals as well as cash. With diseases which practically preclude the breeding of all domestic animals but the pig. It la no wonder that the rich lands of Mozambique are so very little cultivated. But the stearr plow has put In Its appearance and before many years the country sluld be a happy harvesting ground foi lantic states from Florida to New York, with the capital near the southern boundary and half a dozen smaller towns scattered along the coast; more than 3,000,000 inhabitants, of which only about 1 per cent are whites; one of the oldest of. all European possessions and one of the richest in agricultural possibilities, at least, but one of the least known countries In the world. Such Is Mozambique, most valuable colony of Portugal. Four or five good ports and as many bad ones; five towns and a small but capital city, and a generous number of military posts and outposts, a few of which are In the real raw Interior; millions of acres of the finest alluvial soil fairly aching to show the farmer what big crops may be grown ; waterways like the Zambesi, the Limpopo, and plenty of smaller ones to allow cheap handling of products ; no deserts, no salt sinks, no large swamps, no mountainous wastes, no Impenetrable Jungles; out of some twenty only one or two tribes that object seriously to paying taxes to the government, now that they realize that the tax collector Is a vital organ of the white tribe, which objects to any one tribe exterminating another in the good old way ; for, wicked as a bush policeman tries to be, he must needs fall short of the unrestrained chiefs "lnduna." The early history of this strange, section of East Africa should not be, even if it could be, written. We know e black was as bad as a the barbarian can be, and the endless tale of persistent, widespread, and continuous butchery would not be good to read. Yet the ethnologist may well listen to the half legend, half true stories of the clans, tribes, and races that have been lost forever. No pottery, no carvings, no ruins, will remain after a few more years; only language traces (for ' the slayers sometimes spared a few of the comellest maidoral history. ens) and father-to-so- n To ride over the site of a native village which probably held a thousand huts less than thirty years ago, to note the bits of charcoal, pieces of clay bowls, bones, and the few omit nous breaks In the heavy stockade fence made of hardwood logs set upright close together, forcibly reminds one of the wretched people, tired of fighting, who sought to gain respite by erecting a barrier that no foe could burn or climb over, only to perish some hot, red day amid the frightful "ooogh-8- h 1" cries of the enemy as their dripping assegais were thrust through and through the dying and dead. Salt Lakes Saved the Kafirs. The Zulus have had for centuries a superstitious fear of salt water, and so, when Chaka, Dlngaan, and their brother fiends had devastated practically all the country between Zuzu-lan- d and Inhambane, wiping out kraals and even whole tribes by scores, they came to a long chain of lakes (the lower Inharrlme) parallel with the coast, and there they stopped, thus saving one tribe of true, pure-blooKafirs who had fled over onto the dunes and low, bushy hills between the "rosary" of brackish lagoons and the Indian ocean. This tribe, the M'chopls, is the purest, if not the only unmixed Kafir tribe now in existence. Most Interesting are the batuque or "balls" of this tribe. Sometimes as many as &0O0 fine specimens, mostly adults participate. To describe the death chants, the thrilling war songs, the "expression" dances of both women and men, and rites and divination ceremonies of the witch doctors would require much space. Many of these things cannot be seen by strange white men unless In company with the comsiandante. At Inharrlme, near Inhambane, the traveler may sometimes see grand batuq,ies take place with Landlms, M'chopls, and Bitongas. For such a dance 200 native "pianos" keep up an Incessant din for 80 hours. The "tunes" vary with the tribes. The Portuguese national air Is executed fairly well by some of the bands, who have picked It up from obscure sources. Each key of a marimba has suspended loosely beneath It a hollow gourd as a resonator. All but the smallest of these resonators have one or two apertures covered with the tretcbed membrane from a bat's planters. old-tim- ten-foo- d 25,-00- man-eater- |